Depressive Symptoms and Relationship Between Genders: Differences in Young Adults in a Randomized Clinical Trial (original) (raw)
Related papers
JAMA psychiatry, 2013
When men are depressed they may experience symptoms that are different than what is included in the current diagnostic criteria. To explore whether sex disparities in depression rates disappear when alternative symptoms are considered in the place of, or in addition to, more conventional depression symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally represented mental health survey, we evaluated sex differences in symptom endorsement in 2 new scales that included alternative depression symptoms. We analyzed sex differences in symptom endorsement using 2-sided, design-based, .05-level t tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of depression. RESULTS; Men reported higher rates of anger attacks/aggression, substance abuse, and risk taking compared with women. Analyses using the scale that included alternative, male-type symptoms of depression found that a higher propo...
Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Inpatients
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2016
Gender differences in depressive symptoms among inpatients Objective: The aim of this research was to determine whether statistically significant differences exist in the clinical presentation (symptoms) of depressive disorders in men and women and, if so, what are they reflected in. Material and Method: The study included 150 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 who have been hospitalized due to a major depressive disorder according to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV classification, at the Psychiatric Clinic in Novi Sad, Serbia. Patients with comorbid physical or other mental disorders were not included. Within the research process, during the first day of hospitalization, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale with 21 items was administered, while 12 other symptoms of depression (specific quality of the depression, pessimism, stability of depression to environmental influences, ideas of impoverishment, worthlessness, blaming of others, social isolation, anhedonia, monoideism, self-pity, dependence on others, and manipulativeness) were assessed using the BPRS, MADRS, SADS, SADD and AMPDP scales by the examining psychiatrist. A t-test for significance of differences in the age structure of men and women was performed in the statistical analysis, which indicated that this is a homogeneous group, while the structure of gender differences in the clinical picture of depression was examined by discriminant analysis, in which gender was an independent variable, while the examined depressive symptoms were the dependent variables. Results: The results showed a statistically significant structure of gender differences in the clinical picture of depression, which is reflected in the existence of two types of depression, hypothetically called: existential depression characteristic to men and anxious-somatic depression characteristic to women. Conclusion: The determined existence of gender differences in depressive symptoms and the clinical presentation of depression in this and other studies, as well as the data on double the prevalence of depression in women and the gender differences in the responses to antidepressant medications, are the facts that point out the need for a gender-specific approach to the evaluation and treatment of depression.
Differences in depressive symptom profile between males and females
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2008
Background: It is widely held that there are no differences in the symptom profile of male and female depression. Studies to date that have found differences have used different methodologies and had inconsistent findings. Here we compare the clinical profile of major depression for men and women from a sample of almost 600 well-characterized individuals with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Subjects were recruited as part of a large genetic-epidemiological study of MDD. Clinical assessments included semistructured interviews and case-note review. Clinical profiles during 'worst ever' (WE) depressive episode were scored using the OPCRIT checklist. Profiles for 199 males were compared to 399 females. Results: Females with depression tended to have an earlier age-at-onset (p b 0.0001), exhibited more frequent depressive episodes (p b 0.005), had a greater number of depressive symptoms (p b 0.001), and reported much higher rates of atypical depressive features (p b 0.007) during their WE episode of depression. Logistic regression analysis identified that earlier age-at-onset of depression, excessive self-reproach and diminished libido were the best predictors of female depression. Limitations: Retrospective recall by subjects of depressive symptoms, which may be prone to recall bias. Conclusions: There are differences in the clinical course and symptom profile of male and female depression. Further study is required to identify the biological correlates of these differences and to characterize their clinical importance.
Gender differences in depression: Findings from the STAR*D study
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2005
Background: Epidemiologic research consistently reports gender differences in the rates and course of major depressive disorder (MDD). The STAR*D (Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression) multicenter trial provides a unique opportunity to explore gender differences in outpatients with nonpsychotic MDD. Methods: This sample included the first 1500 outpatients with MDD who enrolled in STAR*D. Nearly two-thirds of the sample (62.8%) were women. Baseline sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and illness characteristics were analyzed by gender. Results: Women (62.8% of the sample) had a younger age at onset of the first major depressive episode. They commonly reported concurrent symptoms consistent with anxiety disorders, somatoform disorder, and bulimia as well as atypical symptoms. Alcohol and drug abuses were more common in men. Limitations: This report is a subpopulation of the entire STAR*D sample. These exploratory analyses aimed to identify potential gender differences for further hypothesis testing. (S.M. Marcus).
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression and compare the difference between two formats of group and individual CBT among Iranian women at mid-life. The Sample for this study comprised 64 women (aged between 41 and 55 years with a depression score between 21 and 56) in Tehran, capital city of Iran. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group was exposed to 16 sessions of group CBT and the second experimental group underwent eight sessions of individual CBT. The experimental and control groups were assessed for the level of depression before and after the interventions and four weeks follow up. Descriptive statistics, Repeated Measure ANOVA, and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. The results suggested the feasibility and clinical advantages of CBT on depression but showed no significant difference between group and individual intervention among Iranian women around menopause.
Gender differences in depression
The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2000
s Abstract Background While there is ample evidence that the prevalence rates for major depressive disorder (MDD) in the general population are higher in women than in men, there is little data on gender differences as regard to symptoms, causal attribution, help-seeking, coping, or the consequences of depression. Method The large DEPRES Study dataset covering representative population samples of six European countries (wave I: 38,434 men and 40,024 women; wave II: 563 men and 1321 women treated for depression) was analyzed for gender differences. Results In wave I marked gender differences were found in the six-month prevalence rate for major depression but less so for minor depression; the gender differences for major depression persisted across all age groups. Even after stratification by clinically significant impairment and paid employment status, men reported fewer symptoms than women; as a consequence, men reached the diagnostic threshold less often. In wave II there were clear gender differences in causal attribution and in coping. Men coped by increasing their sports activity and consumption of alcohol and women through emotional release and religion. Women felt the effects of depression in their quality of sleep and general health, whereas men felt it more in their ability to work. Limitations The second wave of the study comprises treated depressives only and may be less representative than the first wave. s
Psychological Reports, 2007
The association among items of the self-reported version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (Carroll Rating Scale), answered according to a memory of a maximally disturbing event experienced, and respondents' sex was examined in a nonclinical sample of 320 college students, 164 women (M age=21.7 yr., SD=3.6) and 156 men (M age=23.5 yr., SD=5.8). An assessment of sex bias was also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis showed that sratements regarding ~~nhappiness, urge to cry, dizziness and faintness, and waking in the middle of the night were significantly associated with women. Removal of these items from the Carroll Rating Scale Total scores eliminated the sex differences in depression rates. Items that displayed significant sex bias were those regarding behavior and emotions commonly attributed to women within the general population.