Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM)versus Fiber ReinforcedPolymers (FRP) as StrengtheningMaterials of Concrete Structures (original) (raw)
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Strengthening of Concrete Structures with Textile Reinforced Mortars: State-of-the-Art Review
Journal of Composites for Construction, 2019
Textile reinforced mortars (TRM), also known in the international literature as textile reinforced concrete (TRC) or fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) materials, have been widely studied during the last two decades as they constitute a promising alternative to the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) retrofitting solution for strengthening of reinforced concrete members. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the strengthening of concrete structures with TRM. First, the tensile and bond behavior of TRM is described. Next, an overview of studies on the use of TRM for flexural, shear, confinement, and seismic retrofitting of concrete or RC members is included, and the key parameters are investigated.
An Overview of Strengthening Concrete Members with Textile Reinforced Mortar
Smart Green M aterials, 2024
Textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) or fabric-reinforced concrete has a wide range of applications, including repair work, structural strengthening, ditch lining, erosion control, pipe protection, trackways, flood defenses, roofing, and emergency helicopter landing pads. This paper focuses specifically on structural strengthening, particularly shear strengthening and jacketing. According to the findings, among the materials considered, benzobisoxazole (PBO) proves to be the most effective, enhancing the shear capacity of the members by 43.3%, followed by carbon, basalt, and glass fibers. When using fixed materials for strengthening, a U-shaped configuration is more effective than an S-shaped one, increasing shear capacity by 131% compared to 71% for the S-shape. The results also show that increasing the number of textile layers during the strengthening process boosts the shear capacity of the element. Applying the textile layers directly in a straight pattern provides higher capacity than a spiral application. Furthermore, using epoxy resin as a mortar for TRM results in a greater load capacity for column strengthening. A column strengthened with two layers of textiles had more capacity than one with just a single layer. Additionally, when the mortar contains a cementitious material modified with polymer, the flexural capacity is 5.3% higher than that of textiles using cement alone as the mortar.
Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 2011
The author reviews experimental studies which have provided fundamental knowledge on the use of a new generation of composite materials, namely textile-reinforced mortars (TRM), as strengthening and seismic retrofitting materials of concrete and masonry structures. TRMs are investigated as a means: to provide confinement in plain and reinforced concrete (RC), to increase the deformation capacity of old-type RC columns subjected to simulated seismic loading, to increase the shear and flexural resistance of RC members and to increase the out-of-plane or in-plane strength of unreinforced masonry walls. In all cases, the effectiveness of TRM systems is quantified through comparison with equivalent fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) ones. Based on the results it is concluded that TRM jacketing is an extremely promising new technique, which will enjoy the attention of the research community and will be employed in numerous applications in the next decades.
Flexural reinforcement of concrete with textile reinforced mortar TRM
This work presents a method of strengthening concrete structures based on textiles of high strength and mortars. The combination of textiles and mortars produces a new composite material of cementitic matrix. This material can be used for the reinforcement of concrete beams under bending loads. We tested several combinations of fibers: glass, PBO, steel and carbon fibers with mortar and we used them to reinforce precast concrete beams. All the specimens were tested with a four-point load test. We discuss the performance of the specimens and we compare the ultimate results with the formulae from FRP codes.
Textile Reinforced Mortar Based Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2020
Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is often necessary due to the change of using or to enhance the strength of deteriorated existing RC structures attributed to aging and environmental effects. Interfacial bond between the existing RC member and the strengthening layer is known to be the main factor for any successful strengthening technique. This study investigates the efficiency of utilizing high strength cementitious connectors in preventing the debonding of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) strengthening layer from substrate concrete of RC beams. An experimental program is developed to investigate the effect of strength of mortars and the distribution of cementitious connectors on the behavior of the strengthened beams. TRM comprising eight and sixteen textile basalt fiber layers were utilized in these experiments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of cementitious connectors on the failure mode of strengthened beams by means of controlling the debonding o...
Textile-Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Member: A Review
Buildings
Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a form of reinforced concrete, where conventional reinforcement is replaced with textiles or fibers. The high tenacity of the textile fibers results in flexible and durable concrete structures. The literature has been limited to TRC applications in retrofitting and nonstructural applications. Therefore, this article attempts to detangle the progressive research direction on the usage of TRC as a structural member. For this, (i) a bibliometric study using scientometrics analysis to visualize the keyword network, and (ii) qualitative discussions on identified research areas were performed. The literature was categorized into four main research areas, namely material properties of TRC, composite behavior of TRC, bond-slip relations, and TRC applications as structural elements. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages in the usage of TRC as a structural member are discussed in association with the identified research areas. Furthermore, the arti...
2017
Performance degradation of existing RC structures due to aging and environmental effects made strengthening of RC structures a global issue. Bond between the substrate member and new strengthening layer is considered a threshold for any successful strengthening technique. This study explores the efficiency of using cementitious high strength connectors in preventing the debonding of TRM strengthening layer from strengthened RC beams. The experimental program includes two parts. In first part, the effect of strength, ratio, diameter and distribution of connectors, for smooth and rough surfaces, on the tensile bond strength are examined. The applicability of these connectors is investigated in second part by means of RC beams strengthened with TRM comprising four and eight textile basalt fibre layers. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of cementitious connectors changed the failure mode from debonding failure to desired flexural failure. The proposed improvement exhibited incr...
Flexural Behavior of a Novel Textile-Reinforced Polymer Concrete
Polymers
Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) has gained attention from the construction industry due to its light weight, high tensile strength, design flexibility, corrosion resistance, and remarkably long service life. Some structural applications that utilize TRC components include precast panels, structural repair, waterproofing elements, and façades. TRC is produced by incorporating textile fabrics into thin cementitious concrete panels. Premature debonding between the textile fabric and concrete due to improper cementitious matrix impregnation of the fibers was identified as a failure-governing mechanism. To overcome this performance limitation, in this study, a novel type of TRC is proposed by replacing the cement binder with a polymer resin to produce textile reinforced polymer concrete (TRPC). The new TRPC is created using a fine-graded aggregate, methyl methacrylate polymer resin, and basalt fiber textile fabric. Four different specimen configurations were manufactured by embedding 0...
Materials and Structures, 2013
The mechanical behavior under impact loading of concrete elements strengthened with shells of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) was studied. The strengthening shells were made of either alkaliresistant glass or polyethylene (PE) fabrics that were impregnated with several cementitious matrices modified by common admixtures. Testing the strengthened elements for impact loading (strain rate from 0.4 to 1 s -1 ) at flexure showed that the TRC reinforced elements conferred improved load capacity and impulse absorption. For glass strengthened TRC elements, the extent of the improvement depended on admixture grain size, such that smaller grain sizes were associated with better performance. For PE strengthened TRC elements, no similar dependency was found. These results correlate well with the behavior of the standalone TRC shells and with the properties of the fabrics themselves. PE TRC strengthened elements were found, via impulse loading tests, to have load carrying capacities comparable to those of elements strengthened with glass TRC, but without matrix additives. These findings suggest that low cost, commercially available PE textile could be used in TRC applications.
Reinforced concrete beams are the important structural element that transmit the load from slab, wall to columns. Due to increasing serviceability requirement and poor construction practice in the past, there is a need to strengthening of beam to resist sudden failure against shear. In this paper, the effectiveness of textile-reinforced mortars (TRMs), for increasing the shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams, is to be investigated experimentally and numerically. TRM is a combination of textile bonded to RC member using cementitious mortar. The strength of TRM depends on tensile strength of textile and bonding strength of mortar. Textiles comprise of fabric meshes made of long woven, knitted or even unwoven fiber rovings in at least two (typically orthogonal) directions. TRMs may be considered as an alternative to fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), providing solutions to many of the problems associated with application of the latter without compromising much of the performance of strengthened members. In the present study, a new type of textile (steel-based textile) is used as strengthening material. The variation in strength with orientation of fiber and number of layers has to be studied. ANSYS WORKBENCH is used for numerical analysis.