Implementation and Application of nanotechnology in industrial Sector (original) (raw)
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A bird's-eye view of nanotechnology in 2003
IEEE Circuits & Devices, 2004
S ince 1959, when Richard Feynman first imagined the construction of things from atom assembly , nanotechnology research has been active [2]- with the hope of creating natural or artificial entities measuring less than 100 nm, which lie at the crossroads of electronics, biology, chemistry, physics, molecular manufacturing, materials engineering, biology and bioengineering ( ). Considerable efforts and money [5], are being directed towards the development of enabling technologies, such as the integration of down-and bottomup design and manufacturing technologies are used in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication, miniaturization by scaling of devices and lines in hard lithography, while bottom-up assembly technologies aim to create new materials through innovative atom and molecule assembly through molecular manufacturing techniques . This bottom-up, self-assembly aproach has two current interpretations: the self-assembly by self-replication akin to DNA-guided multiplication of cells in biological systems and the chemical self-assembly of molecules in an aqueous solution. Chemical selfassembly produces small molecules by arrangement of atoms through (random) bumping of molecules in the solution. This method produces small bio-polymers and crystals but does not scale up well to form larger molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, antigens and antibodies. This approach is based on the use and mechanization [58] of soft-lithography-or creation through biotechnology of new materials, miniaturization of instrumentation, better information technology, computer modeling and other enabling technologies. Ideally, these new materials and technologies should be used to improve the human condition in a variety of applications, such as better energy delivery methods, sustainable energy systems, eco-efficient materials [51] and specific drug design and delivery methods. For example, the low efficiency of solar cells is being studied at the molecular level to try to understand the mechanisms of quantum solar energy at work in solar cells that cause efficiency degradation over time to compensate for it . Biotechnology applications, such as medical implants of organic materials, cancer treatment by direct targeting of medicine (see ) that can navigate and detect the bad cells to destroy them, genetic therapies stemming from a better understanding of the human genome, and new organically synthesized bone materials are other promising areas of research and applications for nanotechnology. Other technologies include intelligent textiles, transgenically grown food free from disease, and other information technology, telecom, and transportation applications[7], as well as bio-sensors designed for defense purposes [50]. In a cross-disciplinary research effort, such as nanotechnology is useful to communicate the information and research efforts to form a conceptual mental map of the state-of-the-art R&D in nanotechnology today , .
Nano Technology (A Microscopic Solution
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2010
The essence of nanotechnology is the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large structures with fundamentally new molecular organization. Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved properties. These physical, chemical, and biological properties, processes and phenomena are novel due to their nanoscale size in the range of about 10-9 to 10-7 m (1,000 times smaller than the diameter of human hair). The aim is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic, molecular, and supra-molecular levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and use these devices. New behavior at the nanoscale is not necessarily as predictable as observed at large size scales. The most important changes in behavior are caused not by the order of magnitude size reduction, but by newly observed phenomena intrinsic to the nanoscale, such as size confinement, predominance of interfacial phenomena and quantum mechanics.
Nanotechnology: A Journey towards Finding Solutions
Journal of Materials Science Research, 2015
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at the diemnsions ranging between 1-100 nm. One nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology involves manipulation of atoms, imaging, measuring and modelling at nano scale. Its potentials were first highlighted by Richard Feynman in the American Physical Scociety meeting in 1959. Though, he did not coin the world nanotechnology himself but he explored the possiblities of functional materials at the bottom of the scale. In last two decades this technology has been commercialized to great extent and gaining importance day by day influencing the economies of different countries and henceforth enforcing the policy makers to address the issues like environment, health and safety. Governments are regularisaing and monitoring its research, uses, applications and technology transfer which includes intelluctaul property rights. This paper addresses the dimensions and trends of nanotechnology covering economic aspects. The paper is focussed on the changes in the functional properties of nanomaterials as physical, chemical, optical, electronic, electrical, magnetic etc. in comparision to those of the bulk of material. It has been discussed how the basic and advance research in nanoscience could be explotiedfor making technologies for its commercial and industrial applications for the benefit and safety of the soceity. Thin film magnetism is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulation method. Experimental synthesis of some of the nanorods and qunatum dots are also discussed.
State of Art of Nanotechnology
2012
The emerging fields of nanoscience and nanoengineering are leading to unprecedented understanding and control over the fundamental building blocks of all physical matter. This is likely to change the way almost everythingfrom vaccines to computers to automobile tires to objects not yet imagined-is designed and made. Use it as a prefix for any unit like a second or a meter and it means a billionth of that unit. A nanosecond is one billionth of a second. And a nanometer is one billionth of a meter-about the length of a few atoms lined up shoulder to shoulder. A world of things is built up from the tiny scale of nanometers. The thousands of cellular proteins and enzymes that constitute eg., The human bodies are a few nanometers thick. Enzymes typically are constructions of thousands of atoms in precise molecular structures that span some tens of nanometers. That kind of natural nanotechnology is about ten times smaller than some of the smallest synthetic nanotechnology that has been prepared until now. The individual components of an Intel Pentium III microprocessor span about 200 nanometers. This is the reason that computing is so powerful and easy these days. Nanotechnology makes microelectronics to be mere hints of what will come from engineering that begins on the even smaller scales of nanostructures. Nanostructure science and technology is a broad and interdisciplinary area of research and development activity that has been growing explosively worldwide in the past few years. It has the potential for revolutionizing the ways in which materials and products are created and the range and nature of functionalities that can be accessed. It is already having a significant commercial impact, which will assuredly increase in the future. In this paper, we have reviewed briefly some nano materials related works already published or available in the internet with organized manner.
Future of nanotechnology: An overview
Life is getting interesting because of the invention of new technologies every day. With the growing world it becomes necessary to boost up the level of technology and carry out extensive scientific investigations and also ensure the large-scale application of new advanced technologies. Nanotechnology is one of the advanced technologies nowadays which represents that the 21 st century would be the century of nanotechnology. Entire world of Science & Technology focusing their research on reducing the size of particles and compacting the size of material. Nanotechnology is the promising method for manipulation of individual atom & molecules. It is defined as the study and use of structures between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size. To give an idea of how small that is, it would take eight hundred 100 nanometer particles side by side to match the width of a human hair. The objective of this paper is to introduce nanotechnology as a powerful tool of science & technology in future.
International Journal Of Scientific Advances, 2021
Nanotechnology is the science that studies the use of matter on a nanometric scale. It is the promising means of manipulating individual atom and molecule of an object at the nanoscale. It is an emerging science which is expected to have strong future developments. Although it is hard to predict what will happen to nanotechnology in the next 100 years, we know that nanotechnology will be a powerful tool of science and technology in the future. This paper introduces recent trends in nanotechnology and its future scope. It also addresses known barriers to future progress in nanotechnology and its applications.
An Empirical Exploration of the Nanotechnology
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), ISSN 2320-5407, 2020
The growth in population and progression of internet services, human dreams, and imagination often give rise to new science and technology. Nanotechnology, a 21st-century frontier, was born out of such dreams. Nanotechnology is defined as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between 0.1 to 100 nanometers where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Nanotechnology is a new emerging branch of technology, which bears high expectations of its potential to change the world fundamentally. Nanotechnology has helped us innovate at the super microscopic nanoscale to produce previously unavailable materials which are highly flexible, conductive, and durable. These tiny nano-instruments or particles allow us to achieve incredible advances in science, industry and every area of our daily lives. Nanotechnology is a broad term that can be used across all the other scientific fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. In its most basic form, it can be described as working with things that are small. In this paper, aimed to demonstrate a close-up view about nanotechnology and discusses the implications of it that could impact the human life in the near future. In the end, we are in a nutshell discussing about the different aspects of the nanotechnologies, such as ancient Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology process, and the significance of Nanotechnology, followed by an introduction of several state-of-the arts present and future areas of Nanotechnology application and Nanotechnology influence our lives.