EPPO ontology: a semantic-driven approach for plant and pest codes representation (original) (raw)
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The development of large-scale monocropped agrisystems has facilitated increased problems with pests and diseases, perpetuating the reliance of farmers on synthetic pesticides. The economic success of synthetic inputs has, however, been achieved at a high cost to the environment through the loss of biodiversity, depletion of soil quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and disrupting the ecosystem services that can otherwise help mitigate losses caused by pests and diseases. Environmentally benign alternatives for pest and disease management are urgently needed and are now widely recognized as essential for sustainable food and agriculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization, for example, has published the 10 elements of agroecology as a framework for the transformation of agriculture. Agroecology combines ecological and social concepts and principles to develop sustainable food and agricultural systems by harnessing nature-based solutions that are tailored to farmers’ needs. Plant-ba...
Pest Control in Agroecological Systems
Agriculture changes and adds technology to increase production, the impact on ecosystems also increases, causing degradation and important losses of its main functions. These functions are represented by ecosystem services, including biological control of pests and diseases. This article aims to identify and report mechanisms triggered and responsible for the effective control of pests and diseases in an agroecological system. The pursuit of this objective took place through a bibliographic survey in databases, by subject, through the use of strings and operators to refine the searches in a previous eleven-year horizon. These searches revealed some strategies that can be used to control pests and diseases without the need for more aggressive management with the use of industrial inputs. The functionality and permanence of ecosystem services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, microclimate regulation and increased soil fertility, depend on maintaining biodiversity in Agro-ecosystems. The adoption of such strategies by small farmers depends to a great extent on the work of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension that can promote the dissemination of the necessary knowledge for the adoption of these practices.
Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture
NEW DELHI PUBLISHERS, 2021
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system is the best effective sustainable approach of protecting crops from the ravages of pests towards the goal of food sufficiency for the ever-increasing human population of the globe. IPM helps minimize reliance on chemical pesticides leading to elimination of several pesticide associated problems like environmental pollution, killing of non target organisms, residue problem, health hazards, development of resistant population of pest species, resurgence of pests, secondary pest outbreak and so on. Sustainability in crop production and protection can only be achieved by developing technologies that are based on locally available, easily acceptable and cost effective inputs. Therefore, development of new knowledge systems with emphasis on eco-friendly approaches and new IPM strategies are necessary to tackle the intensified pest-disease problems in the present time of climate change. The book contains twenty eight articles covering various aspects of crop protection. The topics cover fundamental as well as advanced and modern aspects of pest management. Here, an attempt has been taken to present some recent findings with review work in a manner considered suitable for the scientific community. We are thankful to the contributors for writing authoritative and informative articles for this volume. The opinions and text contained herein are those of the authors and we have tried to honour their ideas in the original shape. While dealing with such a voluminous work, errors are likely to occur despite best efforts. However, the onus of the technical contents rests with the contributors. This effort will definitely serve as an excellent reference material and also as a guide for research communities and students in the field of Agricultural science. We would very much appreciate receiving suggestions from readers so that shortcomings, if any, can be corrected in future editions. We are thankful to all the faculty members and especially to Dr. T.K. Maity, Principal, College of Agriculture, Tripura for their constant support and courage during this effort. We also highly appreciate the all-round cooperation and support of Sri Dipanjan Mukherjee, founder member of New Delhi Publishers for presenting and publishing this work with patience, care and interest.
IAPA 2020: International Advances in Pesticide Application: Brighton, UK: January 2020: proceedings book, 2020
INNOSETA-Innovative practices for Spraying Equipment, Training and Advising in European agriculture through the mobilization of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (www.innoseta.eu) is an EU project financed under H2020 (RUR-2016-2017) programme. Coordinated by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain), with an international and representative consortium of 15 partners representing all the stakeholders (research and academy, farmer's associations, sprayer's manufactures, pesticide companies, advisors). The main goal of INNOSETA is to establish a self-sustaining and innovative thematic network on crop protection and the sustainable use of plant protection products (spray equipment, training and advice) to help close the gap between research, and the use and exploitation of all this by the farmer. The project promotes the effective exchange of new ideas and information between research, industry, extension and the agricultural community so that existing commercial and research solutions can be widely disseminated and applied. The aim is to reduce/eliminate the existing gap between research and the agricultural sector, allowing a great improvement of the training skills of the involved agents.
Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Major Agroecosystems: Project PE-1: Annual Report
1997
Activity 1. Arthropod taxonomic activities on CIAT commodity crops Activity 2. Chrysopidae species associated with arthropod pests of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Activity 3. Laboratory studies on the biology of Ceraeochrysa claveri (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) feeding on two prey hosts Activity 4. Intrinsic rate of increase of Biotype "B" Bemisia tabaci on two African cassava genotypes MNg 2 and MNg 11 Activity 5. Studies on the biology and behavior of biotype "B" of Bemisia tabaci on a wild Manihot sp, M. flabellifolia Activity 6. Determining the plant metabolites involved in whitefly (Aleurotrachelus socialis) resistant cassava varieties, MEcu 64, MEcu 72 and MPer 334 Activity 7. The identification and evaluation of homopteran species as possible vectors of cassava Frogskin Disease (CFSD). Activity 8. Methodologies developed for laboratory rearing of Scaphytopious marginelineatus (Stal) and Empoasca bispinata Davidson & Delong on cassava Activity 9. The biology and morphology of Scaphytopius (Convelinus) marginelineatus feeding on cassava leaves Activity 10. Transmission of cassava frogskin disease; evaluation of homopteran species as vectors Activity 11. Field evaluation and identification of homopteran species as possible vectors of Cassava Frogskin Disease Activity 12. Testing of transgenic cassava (Africa genotype TMS 60444) plants displaying indications of resistance to the cassava hornworm, Erinnyis ello Activity 13. Toxicity of Jatropha gossypiifolia leaf extracts on three Lepidoptera species Activity 14. Publications, book chapters, posters, conferences, training and consultancies Evaluating the Impact of Biotechnology on Biodiversity: Effect of Transgenic Maize on Non-Target Soil Organisms (492 kb; 1044 kb) Activity 1. Response of Non-Target Soil Arthropods to Chlorpyrifos in Colombian Maize Activity 2. Effect of transgenic cotton [Bollgard® Bt Cry1A(c)] on Non-Target Soil Arthropods in the Cauca Valley of Colombia Activity 3. Taxonomy of the Springtails (Collembola) Associated with Cotton and Maize of the Cauca Valley, Colombia Activity 4. Publications, posters, conferences, training and consultancies SOIL PESTS-CASSAVA AND OTHER CROPS (685 kb) Activity 1. Identification of key pest species in three regions of Antioquia (Colombia) Activity 2. Development time studies on key pest species under controlled conditions Activity 3. Search for natural enemies of in Northern and Eastern Antioquia Activity 4. Search for natural enemies of Whitegrubs in the Colombian departments of Cauca, Quindío, Risaralda, and Cundinamarca Activity 5. Search for entomopathogenic nematodes in Colombia and Panama: First description of Steinernema kraussei as native entomopathogenic nematode in Colombia Activity 6. Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes for whitegrubs control under laboratory conditions Activity 7. Infection and mortality rate of S. scarabaei vs. Phyllophaga sp. Activity 8. Preliminary studies on pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi against Phyllophaga menetriesi Activity 9. Preliminary studies on pathogenicity of Bacillus popilliae against Phyllophaga menetries
Integrated approaches to understanding and control of diseases and pests in field crops
Australasian Plant Pathology, 2003
The idea that there is no such thing as an empty niche became well established in the ecological thinking in the second half of the 20th century. The implications of this ecological concept have been slow to be recognised by plant pathologists and other crop protection scientists despite the fact that they regularly attempt large-scale population management and the prevention of niche exploitation. Two questions that follow from taking an ecological view of crop disease management are what constitutes a niche, and to what extent can decision-makers choose the manner and extent of exploitation of the niche that they wish to protect? It is suggested that in developing IPM strategies, it is important to consider farmers and their wider socioeconomic circumstances as part of the niche that is exploited by pests and diseases. This view arises from large-scale studies, in both temperate and tropical crop production systems, of concurrent epidemics of multiple pests and diseases, in which variation in farmers' activities is as obvious as variation in the physical and biological environment. Further incentive for adopting this view comes from the fact that IPM strategies are implemented (or not) through farmers' decisions and actions and so such strategies must be constructed with this filtering process in mind. Methodologies for developing robust IPM strategies are discussed and areas are noted in which further methodological development is needed, including modelling of competition among niche exploiters, formal analysis of adoption of IPM methodology by farmers, and use of information by decision-makers in crop protection.