Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Assessment of four mild cases in Kahramanmaras (original) (raw)
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Characterisation of suspected Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) cases in a public sector hospital Islamabad, 2020
Pakistan has been experiencing a continuous rise in the incidence of Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Sporadic cases of CCHF are reported from rural areas of Punjab, Azad Jammu Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and neighbouring Afghanistan where cattle herding is common. The objective of this paper was to describe the epidemiology of CCHF. A descriptive study was carried out in the CCHF isolation ward in Islamabad in a tertiary care hospital from February to November 2018. Using a standardised case definition, all patients admitted in the isolation ward with clinical evidence of CCHF were included in the study. After taking the informed consent, data were collected on demographic factors, history of animal contact, tick-bite history, co-morbidity, laboratory results and treatment outcome. Data were analysed as per time, place and person. During the study period, 40 suspected CCHF patients were admitted in the isolation ward, 32 (80%) males were affected. Mean age of the cases was 33.5 years (range 13-70 years). Most affected 17 (42.5%) age group was 20-29 years. Animal contact history was found in Thirty-seven (92.5%) of cases and 28 (70%) with tick bites. Most of the cases, 26 (65%), were reported from July to August. Forty patients in this study were tested by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), 20 (50%) were positive, out of which 6(30%) expired. Majority of the positive patients were animal handlers by occupation (37.5%). Proper personal protective equipment was available. The reference laboratory facility was not available for immediate investigations was sent to National Institute of Health for confirmation. The overall results show the important risk factors for CCHF a history of tick bites, high-risk occupations and having contact with livestock. Public health measures should focus on preventing tick bites, increasing awareness of CCHF signs and symptoms, timely investigation, and treatment to reduce mortality. Our analyses recommend the government to set up isolation units in all major hospitals, and proper surveillance system.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a comprehensive review
Veterinary World, 2013
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick-born zoonotic disease in India which is caused by Nairovirus of Bunyaviridae family. CCHF is reported from about 30 countries of the world. An outbreak of CCHF has been reported two years back in Gujarat which killed four people including two physicians, one nurse and a rural housewife. Tick bite, contact with infected material and nosocomial routes are the main routes of infection. This disease is not much important in animals as animals are asymptomatic but domestic livestock play a vital role in the transmission of disease to humans. So the persons associated with animals like veterinarians, farmers and slaughter house workers are also at the high risk of getting the infection. The disease has a great public health importance. Rapid diagnosis of disease is very important. The advent of molecular techniques including real-time PCR allow the rapid diagnosis of CCHF. There are limited treatment options for CCHF. Ribavirin is the only known drug which is effective against CCHF.
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Hazara division
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in certain areas of Pakistan with 14 outbreaks in addition to many sporadic cases so far. It is highly fatal zoonotic disease caused by bite of infected tick. The objective of our study is to describe clinical features, treatment and outcome of CCHF positive cases during its outbreak in Hazara division, with the intention to bring focus to this fatal emerging disease. This study was conducted in Medical A Unit of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad for a period of three months. All patients presenting with fever and platelet count less than 50,000/mm3 were included in the study. Apart from baseline investigations their blood samples were sent for the detection of CCHF virus. All patients were given supportive treatment including fresh frozen plasma and were started on oral Ribavirin. All patients were isolated and barrier personal precautions were observed by health care givers. Eighty-eight patients with fever and thrombocytopenia we...
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF): A chronicle of human, tick and animal
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is at ick borne zoonotic viral disease with case fatality ranging from 9-50% and endemic in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. The virus propagates in a silent enzootic tick-vertebrate-tick cycle, which on external interventions leads to outbreak like situation. The regular mode of infection in humans are tick bites, nosocomial infection, crushing of infected ticks, direct contact with CCHF virus infected blood or tissue as during slaughtering infected animals. In a short span of 6 years, India witnessed several outbreaks, which begins from Gujarat to the recent Uttar Pradesh incidence. India being a tropical country and niche for more than 106 species of ticks, CCHFV poses significant threat to health of livestock owners, farmers as well as veterinarians. In India, Hyalomma anatolicum is mainly accredited for transmission of CCHF virus, however, in the recent studies, all the major tick genera are found to be infected with CCHF virus. The present review on CCHF will focus on discussing the update information on the disease pattern which is quiet necessary after CCHF outbreaks reported from India. The information provided might be helpful in designing future control strategy and may help to answer the questions raised in the minds about this disease.
Investigation Around Cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever—Mauritania, 2022
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic arbovirosis. Humans are infected by tick bites or contact with blood of infected animals. CCHF can be responsible for severe outbreaks due to human-to-human transmission. Our aims were to increase awareness and promote the search for risk factors and disease monitoring to prevent CCHF epidemic, capacity building, appropriate measures to treat patients, and information for the local population. Methods During the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever from February to May 2022, blood samples were collected from 88 patients suspected to be infected with the virus. Diagnosis was established by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results CCHF was confirmed by RT-PCR in 7 of 88 (8%) patients. Ticks were found in cattle, sheep, or goats in the areas where the subjects resided, with the exception of 1 CCHF-positive patient in close contact with fresh animal meat. Exposure t...
Report of the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Abadan, Iran: Summer 2016 (Case Report)
Iranian Journal of Health Sciences
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne, viral disease that may also be transmitted through person-to-person transmission by exposure to infected body fluids. It causes a severe disease in humans with high mortality rates. Here we present two cases of CCHF patients with sudden onset of lethargy, fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, and hemorrhagic manifestation. With one of the patients tick bite was confirmed, then he was treated with ribavirin in isolation and recovered completely. The second patient was in contact with the infected blood of a sheep and, unfortunately, despite the treatment, he passed away. Public health measures should focus on preventing this infection by raising the awareness of CCHF symptoms and route of its transmission, and also by adopting practices to decrease the chances of spreading infections in hospitals.
Investigation of Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Samsun Region
Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2021
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a highly deadly infection transmitted to humans by ticks, has an acute course, and progresses with bleeding. The disease entered Turkey for the first time in 2002 and has continued until today. The primary source of transmission of the disease to humans is ticked and contact with the body fluids of infected animals or humans. Since animals have the subclinical disease, they have an important place, especially in human transmission. In this study, serum of people living in the urban and rural areas of Vezirkopru district and the rural areas of Kavak district are endemic in terms of CCHF disease in Samsun, without a history of tick bite and who came to the hospital for health check-ups were used. While serums were collected from the district urban and rural areas in Vezirkopru, only rural areas in the Kavak district were collected between January 2020 and March 2020. A total of 336 (168 Vezirkopru, 168 Kavak) serums were tested for CCHF Virus ...
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Management in Erbil During 2010-2011
European Scientific Journal, 2014
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic tickborn disease with a mortality rate of up to 50% in human. CCHF is caused by genus Nairovirus, in the family of Bunyaviridae, and can be transmitted to humans through the bite of ticks Hyalomma species or its contact with blood or tissues of CCHF patients or infected livestock. CCHF is a public health problem in many regions of the world e.g. Eastern Europe, Asia, Middle East, and Africa. The history of CCHF in Iraq shows that the disease has been detected in Iraq since 1979. During 2010-2011, five cases were referred to the infectious unit of Erbil teaching hospital on assumption of acute febrile illness, including some of them with hemorrhagic manifestations. Patients' serum samples were obtained at the time of admission and sent to the Central Public Health laboratory (CCHF.REF.LAB), Baghdad. Diagnosis was confirmed by ELISA for anti-CCHFV IgM. However, all of them that handled livestock had accounts of slaughtering animals within two weeks before symptom onset ,and the most commonly encountered symptom and signs were fever , malaise(100%) ,headache(80%) ,abdominal pain , myalgia, petechiae , ecchymosis(60%), nausea, vomiting, bleeding from gastrointestinal system, gingival, nose and vagina .Others include thrombocytopenia(100%), elevated liver enzymes(S.ASTandS.ALT) 80%,prolonged prothrombin time, anemia ,and Albuminuria (60%). Patients were treated following strict infection prevention measures and supporting circulation using intravenous fluid, blood with blood product support (platelet and fresh frozen plasma), with specific treatment with ribavirin .Thus, all of them positively responded to the treatment, and was cured, and discharged home.
Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever: transmission to visitors and healthcare workers
Infection, 2016
A 69-year-old male farmer was referred to the Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology at Ankara Training and Research Hospital after being diagnosed with CCHF from a secondary hospital at Kastamonu. He was suffering from fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting for 3 days. He was living in Kastamonu, an endemic area, where he owned some cows and had received a tick bite on his back. He was hospitalised, isolated and administered supportive therapy under barrier nursing. His condition deteriorated as he developed respiratory and renal Abstract Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral haemorrhagic disease, mostly transmitted by tick bites or through contact with infected animal's blood, and bodily fluids. Nosocomial infections were occasionally reported in healthcare settings. We report nosocomial cluster of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever including the visitor with unknown transmission.