Pharmacological Updates on Potential Phytoconstituents of Genus Ziziphus (original) (raw)
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Phytochemistry Reviews, 2022
The genus Ziziphus is cultivated worldwide mostly for its medicinal purposes aside from its edible fruits due to its diverse phytochemicals. The genus is grown in several world locations to encompass mainly Z. jujuba, Z. xylopyrus, Z. spina-christi, Z. lotus, Z. mauritiana, Z. celata, etc. Folk medicinal uses reported in genus Ziziphus include treating headaches, obesity, common colds, diabetes, hypertension, and infections. Scientific reports published till 2022 on Ziziphus phytochemistry and biological activities are discussed in this review, emphasizing the last 10 years to include a variety of phytochemicals, viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Terpenoids and saponins are ubiquitous in the genus Ziziphus, and to account for many of its health benefits. Consequently, this study focused on these two phytoconstituent classes never reviewed before in literature. Reported effects for Ziziphus triterpenes included antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory agents. This study presents an up-to-date review of the phytochemistry and biological activities of all Ziziphus species, with recapitulation on triterpenoids/ saponins for utilization as therapeutic agents.
Phyto-Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mill- A Plant Review
2009
Herbs have always been the natural form of medicine in India. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substances of different composition which contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin and phenolic compounds distributed in different parts of the plants. Ziziphus jujuba Mill, a member of the family Rhamnaceae, commonly known as Bor, is used traditionally as tonic and aphrodisiac and sometimes as Hypnotic-sedative and Anxiolytic, anticancer (Melanoma cells), Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiulcer, Anti-inflammatory, Cognitive, Antispastic, Antifertility/contraception, Hypotensive and Antinephritic, Cardiotonic, Antioxidant, Immunostimulant, and Wound healing properties. It possesses allied compounds viz. Ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin-bioflavonoids and Pectin A and various chemical substances like Mauritine-A; Amphibine-H; Jubanine-A; Jubanine-B; Mucronine-D and Nummularine-B. Sativanine-E. Frangu...
Chemical and biological investigations on Zizyphus spina-christi L
Phytotherapy Research, 2001
Different extracts and fractions of the leaves, fruits and seeds of Zizyphus spina-christi L. grown in Egypt were investigated in vitro for their antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial activities. The flavonoids quercetin, hyperoside, rutin and quercetin-3-O-[b-xylosyl-(1-2)-a-rhamnoside] 4'-O-a-rhamnoside) were isolated.
Ziziphus oxyphylla": Ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2017
Ziziphus oxyphylla (ZO) is distributed mainly in tropic and warm temperate regions in the world. Pakistan owns six (06) indigenous species of genus Ziziphus out of which ZO is widely used for traditional treatment of different ailments such as diabetes, jaundice and liver diseases. The present review aims to provide in-depth and comprehensive literature overview, regarding botanical, chemical and biological characteristics of the plant alongwith phytochemical isolation and mechanistic studies to support its folklore and traditional uses. The literature search and relevant information were collected through authentic resources using data bases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct, peer reviewed articles, books and thesis. The phytochemical characterization as well as color tests confirmed the presence of diverse chemical groups presents in the plant such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins. In-vivo and in-vitro pharmacological...
Review , 2022
Medicinal plants are the primary raw materials used in the production of medicinal products all over the world. As a result, more study on plants with therapeutic potential is required. e tropical tree Ziziphus spina belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. Biological reports and traditional applications including management of diabetes and treatment of malaria, digestive issues, typhoid, liver complaints, weakness, skin infections, urinary disorders, obesity, diarrhoea, and sleeplessness have all been treated with di erent parts of Z. spina all over the globe. e plant is identi ed as a rich source of diverse chemical compounds. is study is a comprehensive yet detailed review of Z. spina based on major ndings from around the world regarding ethnopharmacology, biological evaluation, and chemical composition. Scopus, Web of Science, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer Link, and Google Scholar were searched to nd published articles. From the 186 research articles reviewed, we revealed the leaf extract to be signi cant against free radicals, microbes, parasites, in ammation-related cases, obesity, and cancer. Chemically, polyphenols/ avonoids were the most reported compounds with a composition of 66 compounds out of the total 193 compounds reported from di erent parts of the plant. However, the safety and e cacy of Z. spina have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical ndings. e mechanism of action of the leaf extract should be examined. e standard dose and safety of the leaf should be established.
Phytoconstituents of leaf extracts of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. plants harvested in Tunisia
Industrial Crops and Products, 2016
The present study aimed to determine the phytoconstituent compositions of the leaves of four Ziziphus jujuba ecotypes (Choutrana, Mahdia, Mahres and Sfax). The chromatographie peaks of 18 compounds, including nine major fatty acids, live sterols, two triterpene alcohols and two methysterols, were quan tified by the capillary gaseous chromatography method. The major fatty acids identified were linolenic (42.04%) and palmitic (23.04%). Unsaturated fatty acids ranged between 53% and 60%. The predominant sterols (mg/100 g) were 13-sitosterol (4036) and stigmasterol (24. 18). Cycloartenol (68.55 mg/100 g) and citrostadienol (12.27 mg/lOOg) were the major metylsterols. Methylene cydoartanol ranged between 1.2 mg/100 g (Sfax) and 1.5 mg/100 g (Mahdia). Total phenolic content measured by Folin-ciocalteux ranged from 3.97 mg GAE/g to 6.04 mg GAE/g. The predominant flavonoids identified by HPLC were apigenin (6.1 mg/g) and rutin (1.91 mg/g). The fatty acids and flavonoids in the Z. jujuba leaves were responsible for their therapeutic and phar maceutical effects. This could explain whyTunisian people traditionally use it as medicine to treat several pathologies.
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2018
Ziziphus spina-christi and Z. lotus are very important medicinal plants of the family Rhamnaceae. The need for accurate identification and authentication of powdered crude drug samples in the face of growing world demand for herbal products cannot be overemphasized. The aim of this study was to determine the content of essential nutrients and phytochemical compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the fruits, pulps, seeds and almonds of the two species of Ziziphus (Z. spina-christi and Z. lotus). Six-phase sequential extraction using six different solvents was done to totally and efficiently extract the phytochemical components from the different parts of the plants and then the filtrates were pooled together to produce the powders which were thereafter analyzed. The proximate composition showed that Z. spina-christi fruit and pulp had higher moisture content, while its almonds had higher lipid and crude protein contents (13.78 and 30.15% respectively), and seed had higher ash content (4.91%) as compared to those of Z. lotus. The highest carbohydrate content was observed in the fruit and pulp of Z. lotus (83%). The greatest levels of polyphenols and tannins were found in aqueous extract of the seeds and almonds of Z. spina-christi. Flavonoid and anthocyanins contents were found to be highest in methanolic extract of the seeds and almonds of Z. lotus. Results obtained in this study may be used for identification and authentication purposes, and in the development of a monograph for these medicinal plants.
Molecules
Ziziphus nummularia, a small bush of the Rhamnaceae family, has been widely used in traditional folk medicine, is rich in bioactive molecules, and has many reported pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Objective: To gather the current knowledge related to the medicinal characteristics of Z. nummularia. Specifically, its phytochemical contents and pharmacological activities in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, are discussed. Methods: Major scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Chemical s, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, Henriette’s Herbal Homepage, Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, were searched to retrieve articles related to the review subject. General web searches using Google and Google scholar were also utilized. The search period covered articles published between 1980 and the end of October 2021.The search used the keywords ‘Ziziphus nummul...
PLOS ONE, 2020
Ziziphus lotus L. (Lam.) and Z. mauritiana Lam., as a widespread species in Tunisia, are well known for their medicinal and food uses. The aim of the present study was to screen the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins together with the radical scavenging capacity and the antimicrobial activity of leaves, fruits and seeds extracts of Z. lotus and Z. mauritiana from different localities. Results showed that leaves extracts presented the highest phenolic compounds content for both species. Furthermore, LC-ESI-MS analysis allowed the identification of 28 bioactive compounds regardless of species and organs, with the predominance of quinic acid and rutin. Leaves extract of Z. mauritiana possessed the highest total antioxidant capacity. The antimicrobial tests showed that leaves extracts of Z. mauritiana and Z. lotus from Oued Esseder exhibited the highest activity against four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli). The main results showed that the studied species of Ziziphus genus are an excellent source of natural bioactive molecules that could be an interesting material for industrial and food purposes.
Kazakh Ziziphora Species as Sources of Bioactive Substances
Molecules, 2016
Ziziphora species represent the prototypical example of the Lamiaceae family. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes and phenolic substances belonging to the flavonoids. In Kazakh traditional medicine, Ziziphora species possess several medicinal uses. In particular, Z. bungeana Lam. and Z. clinopodioides Lam. are used for the treatment of illnesses related to the cardiovascular system or to combat different infections. Unfortunately, the majority of the information about the complex Ziziphora species is only available in Russian and Chinese language, therefore, we decided gather all available information on Kazakhstan Ziziphora, namely its content compounds, medicinal uses and published patents, to draw the attention of scientists to this very interesting plant with high medicinal potential.