Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antimalarial activity of Azadirachta indica (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Journal of Research, 2019
Crude leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) was subjected to invitro phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assays against some selected microbial pathogens by well diffusion technique. A qualitative preliminary phytochemical screening of crude leaf extracts showed the existence of bioactive phytocomponents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and reducing sugars in the leaves. Soxhlet extraction was also performed by using different solvent system for the analysis, chloroform, hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate. Extracts of leaf showed significant antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. Chloroform and methanol extracts showed highest and moderate activity against the tested microbial pathogens, while other extracts showed lowest activity. The bioactive compounds crude leaf extracts of neem subjected to antimicrobial activity against pathogens shows remarkable sensitivity with higher zone of inhibition ranging from 20mm to 27mm against streptococcus ...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2022
Malaria is one of the deadliest and oldest disease known to mankind for more than 2000 years that causes the death of 0.4 million individuals in 2009. In the era of resistance, multi-drug resistance, finding a new efficacious & potent molecule is always a challenge for Pharmacological science. Researcher across the globe see resistance threat in every molecule. Every drug, molecule whether new or old have resistance possibility. Therefore, researcher in this study tried to understand the behavior of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (PYn) which is most experimented & reported animal malaria model equivalent to plasmodium vivax in human with chloroquine & the possibility of resistance reversal for some herbal extracts. 2-20 times chloroquine doses (10-100 mg/ kg) are not able to produce sufficient efficacy in chloroquine resistant PYn. Where 5 mg/ kg dose of chloroquine is effective dose against the chloroquine sensitive dose. Same while, most of the plant extracts are also not able to produce minimal therapeutic response on Chloroquine resistant plasmodium when given alone. However, plant extracts Azadirachta indica (AI) at 300 mg/ kg & 1000 mg/ kg shows a better effect when given with chloroquine 20 mg/ kg then alone. Out of all plant extracts hydroalcoholic extracts of dried leaves & ethanolic extract of dried bark of AI. Current approach of multi-drug dosage supports also supported here in the study with a thought of using antimalarial plant extracts during regular malaria treatment. Genesis of idea of referring standardized plant extract(s) in combination as oral dosage with prophylactic (travelers) malaria & malaria treatment or side-food for malaria will also possible. Positive results may pave a path for inclusion of herbal extracts or herbs as side treatment or drug resistance-breaker food for malaria.
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2018
Plant chemicals abound in different parts of plants, in different compositions. Thus, the comparative screening of the leaf, stem-bark and root of Azadirachta Indica becomes imperative. The presence of nine phytochemicals which include; Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, Phenols, Steroids, Tannins, Reducing sugars and Anthraquinones, and the quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycoside in the leaf, stem-bark and root of Azadirachta indica were investigated. The plant parts were collected from a plantation grown in Okpotegu Echara, Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Plant samples were air dried at room temperature, ground into uniform powder, sieved, bottled and labeled, ready for physico – chemical analysis. Results of the investigation revealed that anthraquinones were beyond detection limits in all the plant parts tested in both ethanol and aqueous extracts. Alkaloids were not detectable in leaf, stem-bark and root samples of aque...
European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences, 2024
Azadirachta indica, or neem, is a plant whose therapeutic virtues have made it popular around the world in recent years. Neem is a contemporary medical marvel that has been utilized widely in Ayurvedic, Unani, and Homoeopathic treatment. Neem is a lovely evergreen tree with wide leaves that may reach heights of 30 meters and widths of 2.5 meters. Its normally straight trunk has a diameter of 30 to 80 cm. Its outspread branches create a circular crown with up to 20 meters wide deep green foliage and fragrant honey blooms. Azadirachtin is a common starting point for the synthesis of biopesticides, but it also has additional qualities that have been identified, the most notable of which are its antimalarial and anticancer effects. There are several different techniques for extracting azadirachtin, such as solvent extraction at high or low temperatures and solid-liquid extraction. Alcohol-based solvents are favored for isolating azadirachtin from plant components because they are linked to greater extraction yields. Extracts must usually be cleaned up before they can be further purified. Neem seeds have yielded the greatest quantities of azadirachtin; nonetheless, there is a significant fluctuation in concentration values across batches. Therefore, regular techniques for azadirachtin identification and quantification must be established in addition to extraction processes. This study aims to discuss the pharmacological relevance, phytochemistry, taxonomy, and traditional usage of the Azadirachta indica species.
The Antimicrobial Efficacy and Phytochemical Analysis of the Stem Bark of Azadirachta indica (Neem)
Abstract Keystone symposium , 2019
Plants have been a source of herbal remedy throughout the history of mankind. Worldwide, various medicinal plants are used to treat ailments and diseases. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is used in traditional medicine as a source of many therapeutic agents in the Chinese and African cultures. The anti-microbial efficacy of the stem back of Azadirachta indica was evaluated using its solvent extracts. The solvents used were Petroleum ether (PE), Hexane (HE), Methanol (ME), Water. Four different bacterial isolates and one fungal isolate were used in the study. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The fungal isolate was Candida tropicalis. Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates was tested using standard Gram positive and Gram negative antibiotic sensitivity discs. Agar well diffusion technique was used in investigating the efficacy of the solvent extracts of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica. It was observed that the Petroleum ether (PE), Ethanol (EE) and Hexane (HE) extracts of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica were effective on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida tropicalis at undiluted concentration (100%) and diluted concentrations (133.3mg/ml and 100mg/ml). None of the solvent extracts used in concentration (100%) and diluted concentrations (133.3mg/ml and 100mg/ml). None of the solvent extracts used in this investigation was effective on Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli was susceptible to the actions of ofloxacin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella pneumonia was susceptible to the actions of ofloxacin. Phytochemical analysis of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids and anthraquinones.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts
The current investigation was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) commonly known as neem against some gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas florescence) bacteria by disc diffusion method. Phytochemical studies show the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins and alkaloids. Ethanol extracts (50 mg/mL) exhibited the highest activity 12, 20, mm zone of inhibition [s. aureus and E. coli], Petroleum-ether extracts (or control) exhibit the least activity.
A Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem)
2020
The plant Azadirachta indica is mainly cultivated in India belonging to family meliaceae. It is extensively used by human for the treatment of various disease. According to the who survey our 80% of the population living in the developing countries are depend on this neem tree which is used as medicine for the health care. This medicinal plant use to treat various disease in ayurvedic system of medicine that is homeopathic system of medicine and unani system of medicine. The scientific name of this plant neem (azadirachta indica) is derived from Persian which means the free tree of India. This review mainly give the different biological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic , hepatoprotective, insecticidal, wound healing, anticancer, antibacterial antimalarial, in dentistry, cvs, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, hepatoprotective etc. .This review article was put forward with an aim to show the medicinal property of azadirachta indica.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018
Azadirachta indica has great medicinal properties and distributed worldwide. The extract of Azadirachta indica show different properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antoxident etc. In this work we prepared extract in different solvent i.e benzene, acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol and beutyl alcohol. Phytochemical analysis of plant extract also gave positive result for saponins, tannins, phenols, proteins, glycoside, terpenoids, carbohydrate, flavanoids, alkanoids. The aim of this study that screen out the active components and test the antibacterial activity of extract in different solvents as benzene, acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, beutyl alcohol. The acetone extract showed the maiximum bacterial growth nhibition 58.77% against E. colistrains. Therefore the Azadirachta indica leaf and other parts of this plant use for different purpose like antimicrobial, antioxidant in the form of powder, tablet and micro solution.
Extraction of Phytochemicals and Study of Antimicrobial Properties of Azadirachta Indica (Neem)
2017
The antimicrobial properties of plants have been investigated by a number of studies worldwide and many of them have been used as therapeutic alternatives because of their antimicrobial properties. Plants are the cheaper and safer alternative sources of antimicrobials. The study deal with the antibacterial activity of alcoholic extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica (NEEM) through agar well diffusion assay against. E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.