Microgravity for detecting cavities in an archaeological site in Sardinia (Italy) (original) (raw)

2015, Near Surface Geophysics

We present a microgravity study over an archaeological site in Sardinia (Italy) subject to local subsidence, which could be correlated with subterranean cavities. Taking into account the local geological conditions and other factors such as topography, the high urbanization of the area, and financial factors, the micro-gravity method was used to determine the presence of voids and whether these voids are correlated with the local subsidence. A complete Bouguer anomaly map was produced with topography corrections with a density of 1.80 g/cm 3. The density used for the corrections was determined in the laboratory on samples of the geological formations from the same area. The gravity anomaly has been further corrected for the effect of massive structures such as walls and isolated blocks. After removing a third-order polynomial regional trend, the residual anomaly shows small but well-identified anomalies of circular shapes with amplitudes between 15 μGal and 40 μGal. The anomalies are spatially well correlated with the local subsidence, and a map of the vertical gradient of the residual field shows peaks located exactly over the small anomalies previously cited. Using two-dimensional qualitative and quantitative modelling, it is possible to assume that the voids are the cause of the anomalies and therefore could be also the cause of the local subsidence. of the subsurface of the area to identify the possible causes or origin of this subsidence and further, if necessary, to take appropriate steps to stabilize the area. Generally speaking, cavities may be natural, such as solution cavities in limestone, dolomite, and evaporites, or man-madelike tunnels, crypts, or mines (Butler 1984). In the area of investigation, subsidence affected the most superficial lithological unit made up of heterogeneous deposits of anthropogenic origin. In the subsident site, the substrate of the aforementioned unit is represented by a formation made up of sandstones more or less cemented and well compacted, alternating with less coherent sandy facies and the place of an aquifer. It should also be noted that empty or partially filled subsurface cavities are present in the archaeological site as shown by a few standard penetration tests (SPTs) not far from the investigated sector carried out before the subsident event. Therefore, the aim of the microgravity survey was to detect potential subsurface cavities or other anomalous conditions that could produce instability in the investigated area. The choice of the micro-gravimetric method was made considering first that the area was highly urbanized and therefore producing electric and electromagnetic noises that disturb the