The Effects of Relative Humidity and Temperature on Exhibited Objects (original) (raw)
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Plant Protection
Pakistan is regarded as one of the top ranked date palm cultivated regions of the world. In Sindh province of Pakistan, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is mainly cultivated in Khairpur. Date palm holds a significant position in the socio-economic development at Khairpur where several thousand peoples are associated directly or indirectly with date palm cultivation, trade and market. Date palm requires high temperature and low humidity from flowering to fruiting and no rainfall during ripening. Unfortunately, in district Khairpur, during the period of rainfall, humidity becomes very high and temperature decreases. The periods of high humidity provide favorable conditions for the growth and development of fungal pathogens which cause severe losses in yield and quality of fruits. The present study was, therefore, conducted to find out the effect of humidity on the growth and development of fungal pathogens in three cultivars of dates viz. Aseel, Kupro and Khar at ripening stage due ...
Postharvest Rot Diseases of Some Stone Fruits Collected From Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
The present investigation was designed to study intensively, the fungi associated with stone-fruits (apricots, cherries, peaches and plums) that causing rots for these kinds of fruits. Survey for the mycoflora of those fruits post-harvesting and during storage periods were carried out. The highest percentage of infection was recorded in fruits with street sellers and the smallest one was recorded in cold storage cars. Mycoflora of the apparently healthy fruits included Alternaria, Aspergillus, Diplodia, Fusarium, Monilinia, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium and Thamnidium. The mycoflora of rotted fruits did not differ from healthy fruits, but the total counts of dominant species were different. Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Monilinia fruticola were the most dominant species. Those four species has been chosen for further physiological and pathogenicity studies. The tested fungi showed an extensive growth on peptone glucose agar; potato dextrose agar (PDA) and molt extract agar media. The optimum temperature for Aspergillus niger growth was 25-30 ο C and it was 30 ο C for the other tested fungi. The neutral pH values (pH 7) encouraged the growth of the tested fungi. Acetic acid and 6% chitosan showed a high inhibitory effect against the tested fungi. The best inhibitory effect was recorded with 6% chitosan, followed with acetic acid and then 3% chitosan. Ozone water showed lesser inhibition effect. In conclusion, fruit are generally infected by fungi and lower temperature and pH decreased fungal infection which increased in case injured fruits. Thus, fruits preservation and sales must be carried out under clean and cold conditions.
Fungi Associated With Post-Harvest Rot Of Commonly Consumed Fruits In Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria
2015
A post-harvest fruits rot caused by microbial organism develops on fruits, vegetables and other plant products between harvesting, processing and consumption. The threat of post-harvest rot influences the way most fruits crop are handled, transportation, storage, processing and marketing. In this study a number of fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, A. citri, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sp., Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium spp., Phytophthora capsici and Rhizopus stolonifer responsible for postharvest deterioration of fresh fruits were isolated and identified through culture media and microscopic methods. Therefore the accurate identification of the causal agents is essential before appropriate treatment can be made to control the pathogens. There is needed to enlighten the producer, sellers as well as the public on the public health risk on consumption of contaminated fruits by the fungal pathogens.
Journal of Plant Production, 2018
This work was carried out during the two successive 2014 & 2015 seasons in the post-harvest lab., Agricultural Development System Project, Faculty of Agric. Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. The efficacy of using some safe substances i.e., chitosan (0.75 and 1.5 %) and sodium carbonate at 0.75 and 1.5 %, along with, control on storability, microbial load of Hayani date palm fruits and its quality under cold storage conditions (2 °C and 90-95 % relative humidity) was studied. It was observed that two conflicted trends were resulted with prolonging of cold storage period during both seasons. The percentage of weight loss, decay, rutab, soluble solids content and total sugars of fruits were increased; while fruit firmness, acidity and soluable tannins values were relatively reduced. Moreover, the different Hayani fruits measurements according to various tested treatments varied not only from one treatment to other but also, each characteristic reflected its own trend from the other side. Therefore, it could be concluded that all soaking treatments significantly reduced the fruit microbial load and decay percentage compared to control (water dipping). On the other hand, 1.5 % chitosan treatment was the superior. Chitosan treatments reduced the level of microorganisms load compared with control. At the same trend Sodium carbonate treatments reduced also, both bacterial and fungal count during the storage period of Hayani date. Four deferent fungi were isolated and identified from Hayani date as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Rhizopus nigricans and Penicillium sp. On the contrary of that , the total acidity was slightly affected by different treatments. The difference was more significant particularly with the two tested concentrations of chitosan during both seasons of study. Furthermore, the fruit firmness, total sugars and tannins content significantly affected by various treatments.
Control of Peduncular Rot in Post-harvest Mango Fruits with Hydrotherapy and Refrigeration
Journal of Experimental Agriculture International
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrotherapy associated with refrigeration on the control of peduncular rot in mango fruits (Mangifera indica) of the Tommy Atkins variety. For this, an experiment was set up in the phytopathology laboratory of the Agrarian Sciences Center of the Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL - Delza Gitaí Campus - Rio Largo - AL, from June to December 2018. Mango fruits, previously inoculated with L. theobromae (106 con.mL-1), were immersed in warm water at temperatures of 40, 45, 50 and 55°C for 1, 5 and 10 minutes and then placed under refrigeration for 5 days, then evaluated for disease severity. The results show that hydrotherapy associated with refrigeration is able to control peduncular rot in mango fruits. The temperatures of 50, 55 and 60ºC in the time of 9 minutes of fruit immersion showed 100% control of the disease, in the time of 1 minute only the temperature of 60ºC presented control superior to 90% of the disease, the te...
Post harvest deterioration of Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) and Carrot (Daucus carota) from three selected markets in Lagos State, Nigeria was studied. Both healthy and diseased samples were collected from the selected markets. Seven fungal species Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Nigrospora sp., Phytopthora sp.,and Hendersonula toruloidea; were found associated with deteriorating Ananas comusus. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor sp, Rhizopus sp. and Curvularia sp. were associated with Irish potato. Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp, Aspergilllus flavus, Penicillium sp., and Fusarium accuminatum were associated with deteriorating Carica papaya. Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., and Rhizopus sp. were associated with Daucus carota. All isolated fungi were pathogenic to the ...
Control of Rots and Spoilage of Agricultural Products: A Review
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2014
The most important losses in agricultural production which involve the greatest costs on the farm economy occur postharvest. It is estimated that worldwide between 10 and 40% losses of agricultural produce occur postharvest. Losses are more severe in developing than developed nations of the world. Several species of fungi and in some cases bacteria participate in postharvest deterioration and rots of tubers and agro-produce. These include species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Macrophomina, Penicillium and Rhizopus amongst several others. In a bid to control these storage diseases several control techniques including physical, biological, and chemical and in recent times plant-based pesticides are employed. Chemical control has been identified as the most popular and most effective means of controlling plant diseases. However, it is being de-emphasized due largely to mammalian toxicity occasioned by chemical residues in crops. This in addition to many other demerits on ecological health and build-up of pathogens' resistance to some of the most effective fungicides have prompted search for alternatives. Recently in plant pathology many tropical plants are being screened for fungitoxic properties. This review presents highlights of the different control techniques for control of myco-induced storage rots of tubers and agricultural products in the tropics.
Fungal food spoilage of supermarkets' displayed fruits
Veterinary World, 2019
Background and Aim: Post-harvest fungal infection of fruits and vegetables is mainly caused by fungal pathogens that can be harmful to both human and animals as they produce mycotoxins, post-harvest diseases in fruits and vegetables are a serious problem that results in the loss of a large percentage of crops reaching 50% in some fruits. This study aims at screening the post-purchasing shelf-life of four highly consumed fruits and vegetables and at identifying the fungal strains behind their spoilage in Qatar. Materials and Methods: Fruits and vegetables were collected from the market to study their post-purchasing shelf-life and to identify the fungal types involved in samples rotting. Factors that affect samples' shelf-life were also analyzed. Results: A total of 73 fungal isolates were isolated and identified, with the highest percentage of Penicillium (21.9%) followed by Rhizopus (17.8%). Interestingly, many mycotoxins producing and diseases inducing fungi were identified in this study; this includes Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Botrytis, Geotrichum, and Colletotrichum. Statistical analysis shows that different fruits have significantly different shelf-life and different predispositions for spoilage. In many cases, a strong relationship was shown between the fungal types isolated and the country of origin of the fruit. Finally, the price of the commodity did not have a significant effect on its contamination level nor did the market from which the sample was purchased. This indicates that the fruit displaying methods in Qatar do not affect their contamination level. Conclusion: The study is among the first reports about fungal types involved in fruits and vegetables rotting in Qatar and it highlights the strong link between spoiling fungi and their country of origin.
2019
Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of fungal organisms responsible for the postharvest spoilage of sweet oranges, cucumber and lettuce at Sharada market in Kano metropolis, Nigeria was carried out in the present study. Samples showing symptoms of rot were collected from the retailers in the market and conveyed to the laboratory using polyethene bags. Small portion from rotten parts were cut and surface sterilized in 1% of Sodium hydrochloride and rinsed in several changes of sterile distilled water. They were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and observed for fungal growth. Identification was done macroscopically and microscopically. For pathogenicity test, healthy sweet oranges, cucumber and lettuce were plugged with pure cultures of the fungal isolates, thus, frequency of occurrence and disease severity of the pathogen were evaluated. Seven fungi namely Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus flavus, Mucor spp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia spp. and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated. Severity of decay ranged from 6.39-46.15% for all fungal isolates, while the controls showed 0%. Pathogenic microorganisms on fruits and vegetables are a potential health hazard to man and animals following ingestion. Proper handling from the farm as well as during storage and the avoidance of mixing of diseased ones with the healthy ones were identified as important factors in preventing loss and health complication at the event of consumption. The use of suitable chemical treatment of the orange is also recommended as means of reducing economic loss due to fungal pathogens.
Isolation and Identification of Fungal Post-harvest Rot of Some Fruits in Yemen
2016
The physiological studies on fruits rotting fungi in Yemen are scarce. This work was designed to study the biodiversity of fungal post-harvest decay of apple, orange, banana, mango and grape fruits sold in local markets in Sana’a city, Yemen. A total of 150 rotted fruits samples were collected from different local markets, small pieces of mouldy part were inoculated on prepared plates of Potato dextrose agar (PDA), after 7 days of incubation, pure isolated fungi were identified according to the recommended references. The most common spoilage fungi which isolated and identified was Penicillium expansum (apple), Colletotrichum musae (banana), Aspergillus terreus, (orange), Aspergillus niger (mango) and Penicillium glabrum (grape). Several fungal species (39) belonging to 16 fungal genera could be regarded as post-harvest decay of apple, orange, banana, mango and grape fruits in Sana’a market. Proper measures should be adopted to protect fruits from fungal decay.