Novel insecticides of Syzygium cumini fabricated silver nanoparticles against filariasis, malaria, and dengue vector mosquitoes (original) (raw)
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Phyto-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Potent Mosquito Biolarvicidal Agent
Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery, 2013
Mosquito transmit diseases like malaria, dengue accounted for global mortality and morbidity with increased resistance to common insecticides. In the present study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from aqueous leaves extracts of four plant species (Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbia tirucalli, Pedilanthus tithymaloides and Alstonia macrophylla) and there effects on II nd and IV th instars larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi were evaluated. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis. II nd and IV th instars larvae of A. aegypti and A. stephensi were exposed to varying concentrations of AgNPs synthesized from plants under investigation (0.625 to 20 ppm) for 24 hours, which revealed larvicidal activity of AgNPs with LC 50 values of 3.50 to 7.01 ppm against II nd instar and 4.44 to 8.74 ppm against IV th instar larvae of A. aegypti and 5.90 to 8.04 ppm for II nd instar, 4.90 to 9.55 ppm against IV th instar of A. stephensi. Results obtained from this study present biosynthesized silver nanoparticles as novel biolarvicidal agent and can be used along with traditional insecticides as approach of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
PHYTO-SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES: A POTENT MOSQUITO OVICIDAL AGENT
Green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. The present study to determine the efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Feronia elephantum against the eggs of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi , dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Eggs were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of F.elephantum and synthesized Ag NP for 24 h. Ag NP were rapidly synthesized using the leaf extract of F.elephantum and the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 6 h. After treatment, the eggs from each concentration were individually transferred to distilled water cups for hatching assessment after counting the eggs under microscope. Each experiment was replicated six times along with appropriate control. The hatch rates were assessed 48 h posttreatment. The aqueous leaf extract and AgNPs exerted 100% mortality (zero hatchability-12 to 18 hrs eggs) at 250, 300 and 350 µg/mL, and 60, 70 and 80 µg/mL, against An. stephensi, Ae.aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The results recorded from UV-vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy support the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs. This is the first report on ovicidal activity of the plant extract and synthesized AgNPs.
International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2022
Mosquito-vector diseases are spreading worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries, as the weather conditions in these countries are favourable for their growth. The larvicide and mosquito repellent are usually used to control the population of the mosquitoes. But using these chemically derived insecticides has made larvae resistant to it. Green-Nanotechnology is recently gaining attention, particularly silver nanoparticles. They are synthesized to control the mosquito population, and since it is synthesised using plant extract, the risk of exposure to any toxic chemical is reduced. This review paper, discuss how silver nanoparticles are synthesized with phytoextract and its effects on the mosquito larval and pupal population. The Silver (Ag) nanoparticles show better larvicidal activity compared to the larvicidal activity of the crude plant extract. Furthermore, it is seen that the dose required to kill half the population of larvae /pupae is less in Green Ag Nanoparticles compared to plant extract.
Parasitology Research, 2015
Mosquitoes are vectors of devastating pathogens and parasites, causing millions of deaths every year. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Recently, transmission has strongly increased in urban and semiurban areas, becoming a major international public health concern. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of dengue. The use of synthetic insecticides to control Aedes mosquitoes lead to high operational costs and adverse nontarget effects. In this scenario, eco-friendly control tools are a priority. We proposed a novel method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri, a cheap and nontoxic material. The UV-vis spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanostructures showed a peak at 420 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance band of nanoparticles. SEM analyses of the synthesized nanoparticles showed a mean size of 30-60 nm. EDX spectrum showed the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. XRD highlighted that the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic geometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of nanoparticles exhibited prominent peaks 3,327.63, 2,125.87, 1,637.89, 644.35, 597.41, and 554.63 cm −1. In laboratory assays, the aqueous extract of P. niruri was toxic against larval instars (I-IV) and pupae of A. aegypti. LC 50 was 158.24 ppm (I), 183.20 ppm (II), 210.53 ppm (III), 210.53 ppm (IV), and 358.08 ppm (pupae). P. niruri-synthesized nanoparticles were highly effective against A. aegypti, with LC 50 of 3.90 ppm (I), 5.01 ppm (II), 6.2 ppm (III), 8.9 ppm (IV), and 13.04 ppm (pupae). In the field, the application of silver nanoparticles (10×LC 50) lead to A. aegypti larval reduction of 47.6 %, 76.7 % and 100 %, after 24, 48, and 72 h, while the P. niruri extract lead to 39.9 %, 69.2 % and 100 % of reduction, respectively. In adulticidal experiments, P. niruri extract and nanoparticles showed LC 50 and LC 90 of 174.14 and 6.68 ppm and 422.29 and 23.58 ppm, respectively. Overall, this study highlights that the possibility
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2012
A biological method was used to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles that were tested as mosquito larvicides against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Annona squamosa leaf broth (5%) reduced aqueous 1 mM AgNO 3 to stable silver nanoparticles with an average size of 450 nm. The structure and percentage of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The median lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) of silver nanoparticles that killed fourth instars of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. stephensi were 0.30, 0.41, and 2.12 ppm, respectively. Adult longevity (days) in male and female mosquitoes exposed as larvae to 0.1 ppm silver nanoparticles was reduced by *30% ( p < 0.05), whereas the number of eggs laid by females exposed as larvae to 0.1 ppm silver nanoparticles decreased by 36% ( p < 0.05).
In recent years the utilization of secondary metabolites from plant extract has emerged as a novel technology for the synthesis of various nanoparticles.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of plant synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea to control dengue vector Aedes aegypti, malarial vector Anopheles stephensi.The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) particles were confirmed by analysing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using UV-vis spectrophotometer at 410 nm. SEM analysis of the synthesized Ag NPs clearly showed the clustered and irregular shapes, mostly aggregated and having the size of 20-35 nm. The chemical composition of elements present in the solution was determined by energy dispersive spectrum. The FTIR analysis of the nanoparticles indicated the presence of proteins, which may be acting as capping agents around the nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles may be triggered by several compounds such as carbonyl groups, terpenoids, phenolics, flavonones, amines, amides, proteins, pigments, alkaloids and other reducing agents present in the biological extracts.These results suggest that the synthesized Ag NPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the A. aegypti and A. stephensi. This method is considered as Priya et al. Int. J. Pure Appl. Zool., 2(2): 128-137, 2014 129 a new approach to control vectors. Therefore, this study provides first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of synthesized Ag NPs against vectors.
Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, 2014
Mosquitoes are one of the most medically significant groups of vectors, having an ability to transmit parasites and pathogens that can have devastating impacts on humans. The development of reliable and ecofriendly processes for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology. In this study, we address the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Leucas aspera leaf extract, and evaluate its lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) values against first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of the mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis. Larvae and pupae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extracts of synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. The maximum mortality was observed from synthesized AgNPs, with LC50 values for I-IV insta...
Parasitology research, 2014
The efficacy of silver generated larvicide with the help of entomopathogenic fungi, Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr) against major vector mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. The Ifr-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized structurally and functionally using UV-visible spectrophotometer followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The optimum pH (alkaline), temperature (30 °C) and agitation (150 rpm) for AgNP synthesis and its stability were confirmed through colour change. Ae. aegypti larvae (I-IV instars) were found highly susceptible to synthesized AgNPs than the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. However, the mortality rate was indirectly proportional to the larval instar and the concentration. The lethal concentration that kills 50% of the exposed larvae (LC50) and lethal concentration that kills 90% of the exposed larvae (LC90) values of the tested concentration are 0.240,...
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its application for mosquito control
Objective: To synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles from aqueous root extract of Parthenium hysterophorus (P. hysterophorus) and also to evaluate the potentiality of synthesized silver nanoparticles as larvacidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus). Methods: The silver nano particles were generated using root extract of P. hysterophorus. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was done by visual color change, UV-Vis spectrum, scanning electron micrograph, fluorescent microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: It was found that aqueous silver ions can be reduced by aqueous root extract of P. hysterophorus to generate extremely stable silver nanoparticles in aqueous medium. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts, aqueous silver nitrate solution and synthesized silver nanoparticles for 0, 24 and 48 h separately. Aqueous root extract showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the maximum efficacy (60.18%) was observed with the synthesized silver nanoparticles against the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Conclusions: These results suggest that the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friently approach for the control of the Cx. quinquefasciatus. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of the nano particle synthesized by P. hysterophorus.
2018
Mosquito borne diseases are a global crisis, particularly in developing countries. Non-availability of apposite vaccines against these diseases has lead to sole dependence on the vector managerial steps for dropping the incidences. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the larvicidal potential of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) using aqueous leaf extracts of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. against third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex vishnui group. Aqueous extract of leaves reduced the aqueous silver ions to produce stable Ag NP. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was done through UV-Vis spectrum, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope. Third instar larvae of three mosquito species namely An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. vishnui group were exposed to different concentrations of synthesized nanoparticles for 24, 48and 7...