Higher BMI in Childhood: The Contributory Factor For Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Adulthood (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare
BACKGROUND Paediatric obesity is a complex and growing global problem which is escalating much more rapidly in developing countries like India and considered an important predecessor to NCD multi-morbidity due to changing life style as a result of rapid urbanisation and mechanisation. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, paediatric metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors among children in the age group of 10-16 years in private schools of Shimla city. MATERIALS AND METHODS At total of 2100 adolescents attending school (aged 10-16 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. All the anthropometric, clinical and biochemical assessment was done after proper consent. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was assessed by using IOTF guidelines and the metabolic syndrome was determined by the Paediatric International Diabetic Federation definition modified for age group. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight, obesity and paediatric metabolic syndrome was 14.5%, 4.1% & 4.3% respectively. In the groups with PMS, hypertension, waist circumference, and TG were significantly higher, and HDL-C was significantly lower. Significant difference was observed in gender, physical activity level, metabolic equivalent, consumption of junk food & time spent on TV in the distribution of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the possible role of change in the dietary pattern and physical activity pattern in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in early stage of life. Collective efforts of parents and schools are required to institute early preventive measures to reduce progression towards obesity and its future complications.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Population Based Study of Urban School Children in South India
Advances in Diabetes and Metabolism, 2014
A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 1440 Indian children in Hyderabad to determine the prevalence of obesity, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to determine whether the increase in T2DM among adults is applicable to this population. Information was gathered through a questionnaire. All the children were screened for fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG) and anthropometric measurements. None had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes. The school age children and adolescents were categorized into various grades of nutritional status using WHO Reference values of BMI Z-scores. Among the total children, 15.9% of girls, 15.9% of boys were overweight, and 4.2% and 9.5% were obese respectively. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and diabetes among either of the parent or both parents of the children was found among 36.6% and 12.4% respectively. The study found surprisingly no prevalence of dysglycemia amongst children in a city with a high prevalence of diabetes in its adult population. More studies are needed to confirm and explain the paradox. This analysis represents the population based data upon which future studies will be based.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most widespread and major problem affecting children in developed as well as developing countries. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in children in the last two decades. Childhood obesity is an important indicator to predict adulthood obesity and its complications. Obesity and overweight in children can lead to complications like hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease in their adulthood and an increased risk of early morbidity and mortality. We wanted to determine the prevalence of obesity among school going children aged between 6 to 12 years attending the Paediatric OPD and to analyse the factors causing obesity in them. METHODS It was a cross sectional study. The sample size was 3081 children, attending Paediatric Outpatient Department of Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital at Puducherry from July 2018 to December 2018. Data was collected on age, sex, and socioeconomic status, intake of junk foods, physical activity and parental obesity. RESULTS In our study, prevalence of obesity was more in lower middle class of modified Kuppuswamy scale. We found that there was a significant association between obesity and sedentary lifestyle with a significant p value of 0.015. There was also a significant association between junk food and obesity with significant p value of 0.0001. In our study, children who consumed junk foods for more than 4 days a week had greater chances of being obese. There was a significant association between parental obesity and their children being obese. CONCLUSIONS There is a higher prevalence of obesity in children due to lack of physical activity and junk food intake. Hence obesity prevention awareness program should be conducted in schools and lifestyle modification should be reinforced in school going children in order to prevent adulthood obesity complications.
Predictors of Overweight and Obesity among Children in Haldwani, Uttarakhand
2020
Background: Obesity has become a concerning pediatric health problem in the modern era with lifestyle changes in globalization, economic development and easy access to technology. The aim of the study is to study the anthropometric profile of overweight and obesity and its associated risk factors. Subjects and Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was implemented among randomly chosen 100 obese and overweight children aged between 10-18 years over 15 months. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and anthropometry was done and categorized as overweight and obese as per WHO BMI- age cutoff. Results: 41 % (n=41) were obese and 59% (n=59) were overweight. 65 % (n=65) were males. In all the age groups the mean weight of males was more except in the age group 10-12 years. Mean weight (64.39 12.88 kg) and mean BMI (26.04 1.95 kg/m2) of obese children is significantly higher than mean weight (56.73 9.76 kg) and mean BMI (23.25 1.98 kg/m2) of ov...
Pattern of chronic diseases amongst adolescent obese children in developing countries
Overweight and obesity are among the most prevalent nutritional problems in developed and developing countries. The problem of obesity is confined not only to adults but also to children and adolescents. In many developing countries childhood obesity is associated with increased consumption of processed and fast food, dependence on television and computers for leisure and a less physically active lifestyle. Obesity has serious longterm consequences. Childhood obesity is not an immediately lethal disease itself, but has a significant risk factor associated with a range of serious non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, type-2 diabetes mellitus, gall bladder disease, asthma, mental health concerns and orthopaedic disorders have been linked to obesity. Thus, there is an urgent need to address the problem and efforts should be made to prevent the epidemic of obesity and its associated health disasters. An attempt has been made in this article to review the data published on prevalence and mechanism of specific morbidity conditions in obese adolescent children in developing countries with special reference to India.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2013
This study aims to analyse the continuous relationship of each cardiometabolic risk factor with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference percentiles in a population-based sample of children. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 996 school children aged 6-16.9 years in Busselton, Western Australia, (2005)(2006)(2007) had anthropometry and fasting blood tests for total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, liver function tests and adiponectin. Age-and menarche (for girls)-adjusted means of each risk factor were related to BMI and waist circumference centiles across the full normal-overweight-obese range. Results: The correlations between BMI and waist circumference (boys 0.91 and girls 0.91) and between BMI z-score and waist z-score (boys 0.80 and girls 0.82) were high. An increase in insulin across all centile groups (for BMI and waist circumference) was found in both sexes. An increase was found for diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure z-score, high density lipoprotein, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in only the centile groups >85% for BMI and waist circumference for both sexes. Mixed and sex-discordant results were found for triglycerides, adiponectin and glucose. Conclusion: There are important differences in the relationships between increasing BMI/adiposity, and each comorbidity and these relationships can differ between boys and girls. This information has implications for screening and management of adiposity-related cardiometabolic risk factors in children and for public health initiatives to reduce future burden of cardiovascular disease.
Nepal Medical Journal
Introduction: Obesity, hypertension and diabetes are the most powerful predictor of cardiovascular diseases in children as well as adults. These factors are interlinked to one another and form a vicious cycle. In Nepal obesity in children is not a priority search for a researcher owing to the overwhelming presence of undernutrition. The main aim of the study was to explore the cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese school children of the selected schools Methods: We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study in a semi urban area private school in Lalitpur district, Nepal in 310 students of age group 14-16 years of 10th grade. The distribution of obesity by BMI and WC category was searched for. Capillary fasting glucose level was measured by glucometer and food habit and physical activities were inquired through structured questionnaire. Height and weight were measured by simple measuring tape and bathroom scale weighing machine. Blood pressure was measured by aner...
Evaluation of Obesity and Related Factors in Secondary School Children
The Anatolian Journal of Family Medicine, 2021
This study investigated the relationship between obesity and hyperlipidemia, hypertension and blood glucose in secondary school children. Methods: Children between 12 and 17 years old who applied to the Family Health Centers were included. The body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid levels of the children were retrospectively evaluated. All participants were divided into four groups (underweight, normal, overweight, obese) according to body mass index. In the second stratification, children were examined as two groups (obese, non-obese). Results: Three hundred seven children 53 (17.4%) of whom were obese participated in the study. The mean systolic blood pressure was 119.6±14.5 mm/Hg in obese children and 113.1±11.7 mm/Hg in non-obese children, while mean diastolic blood pressure was 72.2±9.7 mm/Hg in obese group and 68.3±8.9 mm/Hg in nonobese group (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). LDL-cholesterol levels were found as 102.0 [32.0] mg/dL in obese group and 89.5 [32.0] mg/dL in non-obese group, triglyceride as 96.0 [50.0] mg/dL in obese group and 76 [43.0] mg/dL in non-obese group, and total cholesterol as 170.0 [35.0] mg/dL in obese group and 155.0 [35.0] mg/dL in non-obese group (p<0.001, p=0.015 and p=0.006, respectively). In correlation analysis, body mass index and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels was significantly positive (r=0.230 and p<0.001; r=0.155 and p=0.007; r=0.139 and p=0.015; r=0.149 and p=0.009; r=0.123 and p=0.032, respectively). Conclusion: In the present study obese children were found to be closely related to dyslipidemia and hypertension.
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2018
Background: In 21st century childhood obesity has become one of the most serious public health problem. This now a global problem and affecting all the countries of the world. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescent is defined by American medical association as BMI between 85-95 centile and BMI >95th centile respectively for children aged 2-16 years. Risk factors for overweight and obesity in children are different for different regions, places, cultures and food habits of different people and society. New factors are coming up due to economic prosperity and change in lifestyle of the young population. Habit formation occurs mainly during childhood and adolescence so primary intervention targeting this age group has high possibility of yielding good results.Methods: A comparative study of associated risk factors of overweight and obesity was conducted in D. Y. Patil Medical College in Children’s age 12-16 years. The independent variable (parameters) for the study were a...