Clinicomycological Study of Dermatophytosis in South India (original) (raw)
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Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2016
Background: Dermatophytes affects more than 30% of the population, usually as superficial mycosis but also present as deeper subcutaneous tissue infection in rare occasions. Because of ambiguous clinical presentations of dermatophytosis need to diagnose accurately to avoid mismanagement. The present study was selected to know the significance of KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) in diagnosis of dermatophytosis and to compare Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with Dermatophytes Test Medium (DTM) in isolation of dermatophytes. Methods: A total of 124 patients were included in this study who was diagnosed as clinically suspected dermatophytosis at Department of DVL. Samples were collected and inoculated in to Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide, Dermatophytes Test Medium and also KOH mount was done. Results: Out of 124 clinically suspected dermatophytosis studied population, 78 (62.9%) were culture positive. Tinea corporis (29.4%) was affected predominantly followed by Tinea cruris (21.7%) and Tinea capitis (17.9%). On correlation of culture positivity with KOH microscopy, 15 patients (12.09%) were culture positive and KOH negative. 12 (9.6%) patients out of 124 were KOH positive and culture negative. The isolation rate in this study from SDA was 93.5% and that of DTM was 100%. On comparing of dermatophytes isolation from clinical samples among DTM and SDA, shown statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: KOH gives rapid probable diagnosis to start empirical therapy, lesser sensitive than culture media. Both SDA and DTM gives good isolation results, where as DTM is superior than SDA in isolation and aid in easy interpretation.
BIOMEDICA, 2020
Background and Objective: Dermatophyte infections require laboratory diagnosis before treatment is started. Although direct microscopy is routinely performed but culture of dermatophytes is the gold standard. However, it takes about 4 weeks for species identification on primary media. Our aim was to compare dermatophyte test medium (DTM) as a screening medium for the isolation of dermatophytes in comparison with sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Methods: It was a comparative study carried out at the Department of Microbiology of Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore over a period of nine months. Samples were collected from one hundred patients with clinically suspected dermatophytoses after taking informed written consent. The samples were examined microscopically and then inoculated on two types of culture media, one Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with added chloramphenicol, gentacin and cycloheximide and other dermatophyte test medium (DTM) with added chlortetracycline, gentacin and...
Clinicomycological profile of dermatophytosis in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Vadodara
Indian Journal of Microbiology Research, 2023
Background: Dermatophytosis is the most common type of cutaneous fungal infection seen in man infecting the superficial keratinized layer of the skin, hair and nails. The aim of the study is to isolate and identify the dermatophytes from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, to determine the frequency of occurrence of various species of dermatophytes, to know the prevalence of age and sex of dermatophytosis in the locality. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Medical College and SSG Hospital, Vadodara. A total of 150 clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytosis were taken for this study. Skin, hair and nail samples were aseptically collected and were subjected to KOH mount examination and culture. Differentiation of the dermatophyte species was performed based on the macroscopic and microscopic examination of culture and physiological test including urease test. Results: Tinea corporis (41.3%) was the commonest clinical type with a male to female ratio of 1.05:1. Out of these samples, dermatophytes were isolated in 108 cases with the overall isolation rate of 72%. Seven species of dermatophytes were isolated. T.mentagrophytes 53 (49.1%) was the commonest species followed by T.rubrum 22(20.4%). Conclusion: Identifying dermatophyte species and knowledge of their host preference and ecology play an important role in treating the patient. Correct and efficient laboratory methods for diagnosis of dermatophytosis is the need of the hour to provide correct and timely treatment and prevent the further spread and chronicity of the disease. Keywords: Dermatophytes, Tinea corporis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Current trends of Clinicomycological Profile of Dermatophytosis in Central India
Abstract: Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common cutaneous fungal infections of public health importance. Its prevalence differs from place to place and is influenced by environmental conditions, personal hygiene and habits. Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical and mycological profile of dermatophytic infection and identify the species of fungi using standard techniques. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 100 clinically diagnosed patients of dermatophytosis attending the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital. Proforma containing structured questionnaire was also filled. Skin scrapings, nail scrapes or nail clippings and infected hair stubs were collected. All specimens were screened for dermatophytes by direct microscopy using KOH DMSO preparation and confirmed by fungal culture. Results: Tinea unguium (52.0%) was predominant clinical condition. Males were affected more (79.0%) than females. Dermatophytosis was predominantly found in more than 60 years (32.0%) and 31-45 years (24.0%). Fungi were demonstrated in 55.0% cases by KOH mount and 46.0% cases were positive by culture. 16.0% cases were KOH negative and culture positive. Trichophyton rubrum (41.0%) was the predominant species. Conclusions: Males with age group above 60 years were most commonly affected in our area. Predominant clinical type was tinea unguium probably because most of them were farmers and labourers with poor hygiene. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest dermatophyte isolated. KOH negative and culture positive cases indicate that culture is a gold standard for isolation and identification of dermatophytes. Key words: Dermatophyte, Dermatophytosis, Tinea, Trichophyton
Background: Dermatophyte, a keratinophilic fungus which can invade keratinized tissue cause dermatophytosis. It is one of the major superficial fungal infections. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 20-25% world population is affected by dermatophytes. The aim of this study was to identify different species of dermatophytes causing dermatophytosis at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: Total 246 skin, nail and hair samples were collected from Dermatology and Venereology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dermatophytes were identified by microscopy, culture, biochemical test (urease test and hair perforation test) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fungal elements were observed under microscope. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) were used to culture the specimen. Species identification was confirmed by biochemical test and PCR. Results: Among 246 clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytosis, 91 (36.98%) cases were observed among the age group of 21-30 years. Female were more affected than male (male-female ratio was1:1.34). Eighty-five (34.55%) cases were positive by microscopy and 76 (30.89%) cases were positive in culture. Trichophyton mentagrophyte was the common etiological dermatophyte species which was 59.21% followed by Trichophyton rubrum (40.79%). All culture isolates were further evaluated by biochemical test and PCR. Most of the tinea corporis was caused by Trichophyton mentagrophyte which was 64.81%. Conclusion: Dermatophytosis is a common infection in young adults specially females. Trichophyton mentagrophyte is more frequent type of dermatophyte. Majority of dermatophytes could be identified by both direct microscopy and culture methods.
Clinico-Mycological Profile of Dermatophytoses at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India
SVU-International Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Dermatophytosis is a disease of hair, nails, and stratum corneum of the skin caused by dermatophytes. The prevalence of dermatophytosis in a geographical area depends on a variety of factors such as climate, personal hygiene, and individual susceptibility. The clinical importance of isolating and identifying dermatophytes is to start appropriate treatment & to detect probable infection sources. Also, identification is important for prognostic consideration. Objectives: Our study aims to know the clinico-mycological profile in suspected cases of dermatophytosis. Patients and Methods: A total of 110 suspected cases of dermatophytoses that were diagnosed clinically by a dermatologist were included in this study. Specimen of skin scrapings, hairs & nail clippings wherever appropriate were collected from these patients. Specimens collected were subjected to standard mycological procedures. Results: In our study, the most common age group affected was 21-30 years (31.82%). The majority of the cases were from the lower middle class (38%). The commonest clinical type was Tinea corporis (48%). In 72.73% of cases, we were able to detect fungi either by direct microscopy and/or culture. Out of 62 culture isolates, T.rubrum was found to be the commonest (59.7%), followed by T.mentagrophytes (24.2%), E.floccosum (6.5%), T.tonsurans (3.2%), M. gypseum (3.2%) and one isolate each of M. audouinii and M. canis. Conclusion: With proper techniques, various species of dermatophytes can be identified. But conventional methods are time-consuming and a week to a month is required for identification to species level. So the development of rapid molecular techniques is the need of the hour.
Mycological study of dermatophytosis in a part of South India
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2017
Aims: Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton are the genera of dermatophytes causing superficial mycoses. These infections are on rise due to increase in immunocompromised patients and favorable environmental conditions in countries like India. The present study was undertaken to identify dermatophytes causing superficial fungal infection by microscopy and culture techniques which helps in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of cases. Methodology and results: Samples were collected from affected sites after cleaning the affected surface with 70% alcohol. All samples were microscopically examined for presence of hyphal structures by digesting in 10% to 40% KOH solution. All samples were inoculated into Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and Sabouraud dextrose agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol and incubated at room temperature for four weeks. Tease mount technique and slide culture technique were used for identification of dermatophytes. One hundred and ten samples from clinically suspected dermatophytoses which includes 77(70%) from male and 33(30%) from female patients were processed for identification of dermatophytes. Samples were subjected to microscopy and culture. In 61 samples (54.54%) fungal hyphae were seen by direct microscopic examination (KOH). Fifty six samples (50%) yielded dermatophyte growth in culture. Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species isolated followed by T. violaceum and T. mentagrophytes. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Accurate and rapid diagnosis of superficial fungal infection is essential for proper management of cases. Direct microscopy is very good method for routine diagnosis, however culture remains gold standard.
Clinico-Mycological Study of dermatophytosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2020
BACKGROUND Dermatophytes are fungi that infects the skin, hair and nails. They are hyaline septate moulds with more than hundred species described. Of these, 42 species are considered as valid and less than half are associated with human diseases. Dermatophytoses are infections produced by these and are common in tropical and subtropical areas of the country with high humidity. 1 We wanted to speciate dermatophytes using phenotypic methods, analyze the risk factors, and study their clinical correlation. METHODS The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of one year. All newly suspected cases of dermatophytosis attending Dermatology Outpatient Department were selected for the study. Thus, a total of 113 patients were enrolled in the study. Samples from these patients were subjected to direct microscopy and culture was done on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with antibiotics. Potato dextrose agar was used for enhancement of pigment production. Culture confirmation and speciation were done by tease mount, slide culture and supplemental tests like urease test and hair perforation test. RESULTS The present study was carried out on 113 clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytoses. Maximum number of cases occurred in the 11-20 years age group and slight female preponderance was noted. Tinea corporis was the most common type of dermatophytosis, 68 cases (60.2%) followed by mixed type (tinea corporis + tinea cruris) 14 cases (12.4%) and tinea cruris 13 cases (11.5%). Overall positivity by culture was 39% and by direct microscopy 96%. Trichophyton rubrum was the most predominant species-18 isolates (38.3%) and most of them were isolated from tinea corporis. Trichophyton verrucosum (25.5%) and Trichophyton mentagrophyte (21.3%) were also obtained as major isolates. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted that tinea corporis is the commonest clinical type. Trichophyton rubrum is the most predominant species. But we got a fairly good number of Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton mentagrophyte also. Exposure to predisposing factors were present in almost half of the cases. Dermatophytosis is a trivial disease and antifungal agents are the drugs of choice for treatment but identification of predisposing factors and avoidance of these can decrease the incidence of the disease to some extent.
Recent trends in rapid diagnostic techniques for dermatophytosis
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 2020
Dermatophytosis is a common contagious disease of both humans and animals. It is caused by a group of filamentous fungi known as dermatophytes, including several genera and various species. An accurate diagnosis of dermatophytes as a causative agent of a skin lesion requires up to one month of conventional laboratory diagnostics. The conventional gold standard diagnostic method is a direct microscopic examination followed by 3 to 4 weeks of Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) culturing, and it may require further post-culturing identification through biochemical tests or microculture technique application. The laborious, exhaustive, and time-consuming gold standard method was a real challenge facing all dermatologists to achieve a rapid, accurate dermatophytosis diagnosis. Various studies developed more rapid, accurate, reliable, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools. All developed techniques showed more rapidity than the classical method but variable specificities and sensitivities. An extensive bibliography is included and discussed through this review, showing recent variable dermatophytes diagnostic categories with an illustration of weaknesses, strengths, and prospects.