Uma abordagem para a previsão de carga crítica do sistema elétrico brasileiro (original) (raw)

The Brazilian Power System supplies around 97 % of national energy demand. By reason of the broad Brazilian territory, it requires a transmission system of large scale, due to the large distances between the generations of hydropower and the main concentration of demand that stay in southeastern of Brazil. To ensure security and economy of operation of the Brazilian Electric System are performed analyzes the operation of generation and transmission system due to the conditions of critical loads. The idea is to prepare the system to resist the harshest load conditions. The curve of critical load is calculated for each month with hourly discretization (or less). It's made with the minimum load observed in a given month between the first to eighth hour, and to maximum load observed in the month for the rest of hours. Using the demand agents' history belonging to the Brazilian Power System, it was possible to create a record of five years, 60 months, of curves of critical load. These datas were available by the National Operator of the Brazilian Power System as part of the development of a research project, made available by a decision support system named SysPrev. This dissertation proposed three models to perform the forecasting of the critical load curve. Two models using Artificial Neural Networks and one model using Exponential Smoothing Holt-Winters (HW). The results obtained by all the models were satisfactory and compatible with existing procedures. The exponential smoothing model stood out against the other two models, this having absolute average errors near 3%. These results are justified due to the historical series of curves of critical load has characteristics of trend and seasonality and the HW model is specifically designed for time series with such characteristics.

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