A three dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the hominoid pelvis and proximal femur (original) (raw)

MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF HUMAN FEMUR

Introduction: The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body allowing mobility and stability to the lower limb. To understand various diseases of femur and to aid in its treatment. The present study on morphometric measurement of adult dry femur was done. Objectives: The objectives of present study to find out the measurements of Femoral Length, Neck Length of femur and Neck shaft angle. Materials and Methods: In present study have used 250femurs from different colleges in south India. The following measurements were measured Femoral Length, Neck Length of femur and Neck shaft angle. Results: The results obtained were the mean length of femur was 45.22 cm, left femur was 45.13 cm and right femur was 45.28 cm in male, mean length of femur was 41.84 cm, left femur was 42.14 cm and right femur was 41.54 cm in female. The anterior neck length of the femur was 3.07 cm, left femur was 3.18 cm and right femur was 2.88 cm. The neck shaft angle of femur was 126.65°, left femur was 125.82°, and right femur was 126.26°. Conclusion: There is no significance difference between right and left femur measurements. The result of present study may help the orthopaedician, radiologist and also for anthropological practice. Keywords: Femoral Length, Neck Length, Neck Shaft angle and Femur.

Evaluating Anthropometric Dimensions of the Femur Using Direct and Indirect Methods

Introduction: The human anthropometric characteristics are surveyed in anthropology. Anthropology is used in archeology, rehabilitation and legal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine femur which has a special place in the science of anthropometry. Methods: To measure the femur, both direct and indirect methods was used. The direct method of measuring the 113 femur in dissection hall. Samples included persons aged between 20-40 years who were selected randomly. In this descriptive and analytical study, cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects. For anthropometric measurements, metallic and plastic tape, goniometer, caliper were used. Different dimensions of the femur such as anteriorposterior and lateral diameter of the femoral head, anterior-posterior and lateral diameter of the body, the minimum length diameter of the neck, superficial longest and shortest femoral height were measured. Results: The mean±SD of femoral length was 40.31 CM and 43.3 CM, in females and males respectively, this difference was significant (P<0.05). All dimensions were significantly different between male and female in direct and indirect method. Conclusion: Usage of anthropometric data in designing a product can reduce human errors and improve public health and qualification of products and efficiency of workplaces. In addition, by using a single bone such as femur, we can determine gender, age or the relationship between bone length and body weight. It is also helpful in forensics, biomedical engineering, ergonomics and surgery.

Multiple 2D approaches to human sexual dimorphism of the distal end of femur

Various studies on the difference of distal femoral condyles between genders have been reported recently in order to provide anatomic information for knee prosthesis design and surgical planning in total knee arthroplasty. They also had the objective to be used as a sex recognition character, as may be needed in forensic medicine. Except for a recent 3D approach on the distal femur, most of the studies used dimensional information or aspect ratio but not shape. Our 2D study aimed to determine the size and shape variation of femoral condyles in Thais, considering age, sex and sides. One hundred and twenty-four cadaveric femurs (male 84 legs and female 40 legs) were dissected. The specimens were photographed by digital camera and images were analyzed using three geometric techniques: (i) the landmark-based method (5 landmarks), (ii) with or without addition of 23 sliding semilandmark and (iii) the outline-based methods. From the resulting geometric coordinates, size and shape were extracted for comparisons between genders and sides. Between sides, directional asymmetry could be detected only for shape variation, and only when introducing curves in the analyses (either through the semilandmarks technique or through the outline-based one). Non-directional asymmetry, probably fluctuating asymmetry, was detected for size, as well as for shape, in both genders. Sex discrimination was performed for each geometric technique using two classification methods: the Mahalanobis distance classification and the Maximum likelihood classification. The latter provided much more satisfactory gender validated reclassification (87%) than shape (72%).

Bone morphometry

Bratislavské lekárske listy, 2012

To compare anatomical measurements with that of radiological measurements. The radiological measurements are commonly used in clinical practice. It is well known that the anatomical measurements are more accurate than radiological. The comparison of anatomicoradiological measurements is not reported hitherto. One human adult cadaveric femur bone was used for the present study. It was measured both anatomically and radiologically. In digital X- ray measurements, the length from the upper lip of fovea capitis to the most prominent part of greater trochanter was 87.2 mms, from the upper most part of greater trochanter to the isthmus it was 147.9 mms, mediolateral width of medullary cavity at the isthmus was 8.9 mms, the mediolateral width at the distal root of lesser trochanter was 18.5 mms, anteroposterior width of medullary cavity at the isthmus was 11.5 mms, the anteroposterior width at the distal root of lesser trochanter was 16.8 mms. The same measurements were 91.2 mms, 154.6 mms...

Technical Note: A Novel Geometric Morphometric Approach to the Study of Long Bone Shape Variation

2012

Procrustes-based geometric morphometrics (GM) is most often applied to problems of craniofacial shape variation. Here, we demonstrate a novel application of GM to the analysis of whole postcranial elements in a study of 77 hominoid tibiae. We focus on two novel methodological improvements to standard GM approaches: 1) landmark configurations of tibiae including 15 epiphyseal landmarks and 483 semilandmarks along articular surfaces and muscle insertions along the tibial shaft and 2) an artificial affine transformation that sets moments along the shaft equal to the sum of the moments estimated in the other two anatomical directions. Diagrams of the principal components of tibial shapes support most differences between human and non-human primates reported previously. The artificial affine transformation proposed here results in an improved clustering of the great apes that may prove useful in future discriminant or clustering studies. Since the shape variations observed may be related to different locomotor behaviors, posture, or activity patterns, we suggest that this method be used in functional analyses of tibiae or other long bones in modern populations or fossil specimens.

Correlation of Length of Femur with Its Proximal Fragments- a Morphometric Study

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences

BACKGROUND The stature of an individual is used to establish the identity of a person medicolegally. The stature is calculated from the length of long bones. This study is an effort to derive regression equations for the reconstruction of length of femur from its fragments. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive study using hundred and twenty-one dry femurs from Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Length of femur and the dimensions of its proximal segments were measured using osteometric board and Vernier callipers respectively. RESULTS All the five parameters of the proximal segment show significant relation with length of femur (p value < 0.001) of which intertrochanteric distance (EF) shows maximum correlation. Regression equations for estimating femoral length from the length of proximal fragments were derived by linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION Regression equations derived in this study are helpful to estimate the stature in medicolegal investigations and in anthropometry.

Morphometric study of fully ossified head and neck diameter of the human left femur

Journal of Dhaka National Medical College & Hospital, 2013

The femur is the weight bearing typical long bone of lower limb which extends from the pelvis to the knee. The anatomical knowledge of different dimensions of femur specially head and neck of the femur is very essential in anthropological and medico-legal practice for sex determination and as well as to radiologists, rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons for diagnosis and planning of treatment. This is an observational descriptive type of study carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from July 2011 to June 2012. The present study was performed on one hundred and ninety-nine (n=199; male-89 & female-110) left sided fully ossified human femur bones collected from the Department of Anatomy and the medical students of 1 st & 2 nd year MBBS source Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka and Dhaka National Medical College (DNMC), Dhaka. Morphometric study was carried out on all samples by direct physical methods. There was statistically significant difference found in the diameter of the head and neck of the femur bones between male and female bones. The present study attempted to provide a morphometric base line data of adult human left sided femur and also to see the sexual variations.

Morphometric Study of the Proximal Femur Extremity in Brazilians

International Journal of Morphology, 2010

Brazilian populational aging besides higher life expectancy has increased the incidence of proximal femoral fractures. Treatment of those fractures uses implants which are based in measurements performed in caucasians, including the 135 degrees cervical-diaphyseal angle. Knowing femoral morphometry allows evaluating implants adequability. We performed our study using 110 Brazilian human femurs (49 right and 61 left). We excluded from the study: bones submitted to osteosyntesis, to prosthetization or those showing abnormalities or malformations which could affect its structure and shape. Bones were submitted to roetgenographic analysis and the images were scanned and transferred to personal computer. Measurements were obtained by AutoCad software and statistics by Graph Pad Instat software. Our data were compared using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and "t-test". The following parameters were evaluated: femoral head diameter (FHD), femoral neck length (FNL), femoral neck width (FNW), femoral axis length (FAL), offset (OS) and cervicaldiaphyseal angle (CDA). The findings were as follows (mean ± SD), right and left sides respectively: