Friction and Wear Characteristics of 18Ni(300) Maraging Steel under High-Speed Dry Sliding Conditions (original) (raw)
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The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2017
In the present paper, dry sliding wear tests were performed on S335 steel coated with hard layer (Ti-W-N) with thickness at 2 μm at different sliding velocities (2.5 and 5 cm/s), sliding distances (9.42 and 18.80 m), and applied loads (2 and 4 N). These tests have been studied using a pinon-disc machine, and the results are presented. Mathematical models for dynamic friction coefficient, wear volume or volume loss, and total roughness were developed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Wear mechanisms for S335 steel were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Two wear mechanisms have been identified irrespective of the applied load: crack wear occurs at the lowest sliding distances and delamination wear occurs at the highest. Also, results indicated that by increasing the sliding velocity and sliding distance, a transition from crack wear to delamination wear occurs with a corresponding maximum in the loss of volume due to wear.
Dry Sliding Friction of Tool Steels and Their Comparison of Wear in Contact with ZrO2 and X46Cr13
Materials, 2020
Tool steels are used in stamping, shearing processes, and as cutting tools due to their good mechanical properties. During their working cycle, steels are subject to aggressive conditions such as heat stress, fatigue, and wear. In this paper, three tool steels, namely X153CrMoV12, X37CrMoV5-1, and X45NiCrMo4 were selected against two types of bearing balls, ZrO2 and X46Cr1. All measurements were performed on a UMT TriboLab universal tribometric instrument under dry conditions. The main objective of the experiment was to analyze and compare tool steel wear in contact with two kinds of bearing balls with a diameter of 4.76 mm. This evaluation is focused on the hardness, surface roughness, and microstructure of all samples and on the impact of the input parameters on the resulting wear. All three types of tool steels were measured in the basic annealed state and, subsequently, in the state after hardening and tempering. Experimental results show that tool steels, belonging to high stre...
Wear of metals at high sliding speeds
Wear, 1977
High speed sliding wear of AISI 1020 steel, AISI 304 stainless steel and commercially pure titanium (75A) was studied using a pin-on-ring geometry. All the tests were carried out in air without any lubricant. The sliding speed was 0.5-10.0 m s-l and the normal force was 49.0 N (5 kgf). The friction coefficient of all the materials tested decreased with the sliding speed; this appears to be a consequence of oxide formation. The wear rate of 304 stainless steel increased monotonically with speed, whereas the wear rate of 1020 steel and titanium first decreased and then increased and again decreased, with a maximum occurring at about 5 m s-l. The complex variation of the wear rate as a function of speed is explained in terms of the dependence of the friction coefficient, hardness and toughness of the materials on temperature. Microscope examinations of the wear track, the subsurface of worn specimens and the wear particles indicate that the wear mode was predominantly by subsurface deformation, crack nucleation and growth processes, i.e. the delamination process, similar to the low speed sliding wear of metals. Oxidative and adhesion theories proposed in the past to explain the high speed sliding wear of metals are found to be incompatible with the experimental observations.
The effect of ceramic tribo-elements on friction and wear of smooth steel surfaces
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2018
The pin-on-disc dry sliding friction and wear experiments have been made on 42CrMo4 steel in contact with Si3N4, SiC, WC, Al2O3, and ZrO2 ceramic balls. The tests were carried out at sliding speeds of 0.16 m/s, 0.24 m/s, and 0.32 m/s. During the tests, the friction force was monitored as a function of time. Discs and balls wear was measured after the tests using a white light interferometer Talysurf CCI Lite and Altisurf 520 optical profilometer with a CL1 confocal probe. To decrease variations in the experimental results, during the tests, wear debris was continuously removed from the disc surfaces. It was found out that with Al2O3 counterpart the wear volume of the steel discs was the largest. However, the largest wear volume of the balls was observed for Si3N4 ceramic balls.
Wear, 2007
The wear rate of sliding materials seems impossible to predict. It is clearly a function of substrate material, but we are learning that many surface events are also important. In particular, studies on the last 20 years have shown that substances develop between two sliding bodies have a strong influence on both friction and wear. These substances had become known as "third bodies". Whereas third bodies have been proven to be important, they have not been completely characterized. The third bodies have been studied, but it appears that the geometries of the sliding pairs are also important.
Wear, 1987
For the purposes of testing tribological characteristics of the stainless steel X20Cr13 designed for the parts of process industry plants for the production of sunflower oil, test samples were made and heat treatment by improving on different hardnesses was performed. Final machine processing of the samples was performed out by grinding and polishing. This way, the different characteristics of the surface layer and the different surface topography were achieved. The paper presents the results of the impact of the hardness on characteristics of the stainless steel X20Cr13. By examining the resistance to the adhesion wear it was concluded that the higher wear was on the test samples which have been in the raw condition and who were also loaded by higher forces. Therefore, the quality of the surface wear greatly affects the surface roughness and the coefficient of friction.
Friction
A comparative evaluation of the friction and wear behaviors of 40CrNiMoA steel and Inconel 718 alloy sliding against Si3N4 counterparts was conducted over a large temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 800 °C. The temperature-dependent tribological properties associated with the resulting chemical mitigation and structural adaptation of the solid sliding surface were clarified by surface/interface characterizations. The results revealed desirable performance in reducing friction and wear at elevated temperatures, which was associated with the resulting oxide composite film’s adaptive lubricating capability, whereas severe abrasive wear occurred at room/ambient temperatures. The oxidative-abrasive differentials for the two alloys were further discussed by considering the combined effect of temperature and stressed-shearing conditions.
Sliding Friction of Steel Combinations
The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal
Tribological characteristics of steel combinations are observed in this study using rotating tribometer. Experiments are done under different roughnesses ofpin slides on stainless steel disc for different operating conditionsCertain trends are obtained between friction and rubbing durations. During experiment, it is foundthat there are significant relationship between friction coefficient and operating parameters. In fact, at initial stage friction coefficients of tested material are increased at a particular level with time and finally the friction becomes steady for remaining investigation period. Studies indicate that lower values of friction are obtained with higher loads for SS 202 slides against different roughnesses ofmild steel counterface. Under similar conditions,higher values of frictions are found with higher values of sliding velocity. In addition to that, wear rates show higher values with higher load and velocity conditions. Tribological characteristics are varied for...
High temperature tribological behavior of surface coated tool steel
2008
Tribology is the science of interacting surfaces in relative motion and it includes studies on friction, wear and lubrication. Friction occurs when there is relative motion between two contacting solid surfaces. It is very important in moving machine assemblies. Some applications require low friction to save energy whereas in some cases such as brakes etc., high friction is desirable to oppose the motion. Many researches have shown that the tribological characteristics are influenced by many factors and materials of contacting surfaces play very important role in tribology. By studying the tribological behavior of materials, we can make an appropriate choice of material pairs and save energy, conserve materials, and reduce weight and cost of machines.