Assessment and Mapping Land Degradation in Some Areas of North Nile Delta, Using New Techniques (original) (raw)
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Most of soil degradation processes are human induced; however some physical environmental factors have accelerating functions. The quantitative approach of land degradation assessment is rather important in sizing the environmental obstacles and realizing the maximal benefit of soil resources. The use of panchromatic aerial photographs facilitates the monitoring of some soil degradation indicators. Moreover, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) made it easier to handle the huge amount of data, calculate degradation indices and detect the changes in soil conditions. In the current investigation, Quantitative assessment of human induced land degradation and monitoring the changes in land qualities of El Sharkiya governorate were performed. Aerial photo-interpretation, fieldwork and laboratory analysis data provided the main input data. Comparing the obtained data with RISW reports of 1975 made it possible to determine the rate of land degradation during the period 1975 – 2006. Land degradation rate, relative extent, degree and severity level were assessed. The results indicate that the most active land degradation process are water logging, salinization, alkalinization and soil compaction. The main causative factors of human induced land degradation types include excessive irrigation, human intervention in natural drainage, improper use of heavy machinery and the absence of conservation practices. Keywords: Physiography and soils, land degradation, land qualities, El Sharkeia Governorate.
Assessment of land degradation east of the Nile Delta, Egypt using remote sensing and GIS techniques
Land degradation is one of the most common issues in the eastern part of the Nile Delta area that threatens the ongoing agricultural activities and prohibits further reclamation expansions. The different degradation types and the associated risk assessment of some soils types of western Suez Canal region during the period from 1997 to 2010 is discussed. The assessment of the different degradation degrees in the investigated area has been carried out through integrating remote sensing, GIS and GLASOD approaches. Results revealed that the salinization, alkalization, soil compaction and water logging are the main types of land degradation in the area. The main causative factors of human induced land degradation types are; over irrigation, human intervention in natural drainage, improper time use of heavy machinery and the absence of conservation measurements. Low and moderately clay flats, gypsifferous flats, have high to very high risk in both salinization sodication and physical degradation. Values such as EC, ESP, and ground water level reach 104.0 dS/m, 176 % and 60 cm, respectively. These results will be of great help and be basic sources for the planners and decision makers in sustainable planning. The spatial land degradation model was developed based on integration between remote sensing data, geographic information system, soil characteristics and DEM.
Soil Degradation Assessment in North Nile Delta Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2015
The present work aims at monitoring soil degradation process within the last two decades in the northern part of Nile Delta .The investigated area lies between longitudes 31 o 00-& 31 o 15-E and latitudes 31 o 00' & 31 o 37' N., covering an area of about 161760 feddans. Detecting soil degradation and recognizing its various types is a necessity to take the practical measures for combating it as well as conserving and keeping the agricultural soil healthy. Land degradation was assessed by adopting new approach through the integration of GLASOD/FAO approach and Remote Sensing / GIS techniques .The main types of human induced soil degradation that observed in the studied area are salinity, alkalinity (sodicity), compaction and water logging .On the other hand water erosion because of sea rise is assessed. The obtained data showed that, areas that were affected by compaction increment have been spatially enlarged by 40.9 % and those affected by compaction decrease have been spatially reduced by 22.6 % of the total area ,meanwhile areas that have been unchanged were estimated by 36.5% of the total area. The areas that were affected by water logging increase have been spatially enlarged by 52.2 % and those affected by water logging decrease have been spatially reduced by 10.1 % of the total area, meanwhile the areas which have been unchanged were represented by 37.7 % of the total area. Areas that were affected by salinity increase have been spatially enlarged by 31.4 % of the total area and those affected by salinity decrease have been reduced by 43.3 % of the total area. An area represented by 25.2 % of the total area has been unchanged. Alkalinization (sodicity) was expressed by the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP).Areas that were affected by sodicity increase have been spatially enlarged by 33.7 %, meanwhile those affected by sodicity decrease have been spatially reduced by 33.6 % of the total area. An area represented by 32.6 % of the total area has been unchanged. Multi-dates satellite data from Landsat TM & ETM+ images dated 1983 and 2003 were used to detect the changes of shoreline during the last two decades. The obtained results showed that, the eroded areas were determined by 547.4 feddans , meanwhile the accreted areas were detected by 476.5 feddans during the twenty years period.
The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2008
The present work aims at monitoring soil degradation process within the last two decades in the northern part of Nile Delta .The investigated area lies between longitudes 31 o 00-& 31 o 15-E and latitudes 31 o 00' & 31 o 37' N., covering an area of about 161760 feddans. Detecting soil degradation and recognizing its various types is a necessity to take the practical measures for combating it as well as conserving and keeping the agricultural soil healthy. Land degradation was assessed by adopting new approach through the integration of GLASOD/FAO approach and Remote Sensing / GIS techniques .The main types of human induced soil degradation that observed in the studied area are salinity, alkalinity (sodicity), compaction and water logging .On the other hand water erosion because of sea rise is assessed. The obtained data showed that, areas that were affected by compaction increment have been spatially enlarged by 40.9 % and those affected by compaction decrease have been spatially reduced by 22.6 % of the total area ,meanwhile areas that have been unchanged were estimated by 36.5% of the total area. The areas that were affected by water logging increase have been spatially enlarged by 52.2 % and those affected by water logging decrease have been spatially reduced by 10.1 % of the total area, meanwhile the areas which have been unchanged were represented by 37.7 % of the total area. Areas that were affected by salinity increase have been spatially enlarged by 31.4 % of the total area and those affected by salinity decrease have been reduced by 43.3 % of the total area. An area represented by 25.2 % of the total area has been unchanged. Alkalinization (sodicity) was expressed by the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP).Areas that were affected by sodicity increase have been spatially enlarged by 33.7 %, meanwhile those affected by sodicity decrease have been spatially reduced by 33.6 % of the total area. An area represented by 32.6 % of the total area has been unchanged. Multi-dates satellite data from Landsat TM & ETM+ images dated 1983 and 2003 were used to detect the changes of shoreline during the last two decades. The obtained results showed that, the eroded areas were determined by 547.4 feddans , meanwhile the accreted areas were detected by 476.5 feddans during the twenty years period.
2014
The present study aimed to assess the potential of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to quantify soil degradation risk in some soils of the Northern Nile Delta. Physiographic units were mapped using Landsat ETM+ image (2003) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The obtained map showed that the study area comprised two distinct landscapes i.e. fluvial lacustrine and flood plains. The main landforms of the area under consideration are grouped as decantation basins, levees, recent river terraces, overflow basins, man-made terraces, fish ponds and turtle backs. A simple model was designed for assessing risk of land degradation depending on the equations of soil and climatic factors. The study demonstrated that about 48.09% of the study area has undergone very high risk of chemical degradation, whereas 51.91% of the area has undergone low risk of chemical degradation. About 20.12% of the total area was characterized by high risk of physical degradation. The results indicated that the salinity, alkalinity and water logging are the main common degradation hazards.
Geomatics-Based Soil Mapping and Degradation Risk Assessment of Nile Delta Soils
2010
The aim of this study is to apply the powerful capabilities of advanced remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to identify the geomorphological units and degradation risk assessment of some soils east of the Nile Delta. Landsat ETM images and digital elevation model (DEM) were used to produce the physiographic map of the studied area at the landform level. The obtained map showed that the area comprised three distinct landscapes: coastal, flood and Aeolian plains, plus the urban area and water bodies. The major landforms of the studied area were described as clay flats, gypsiferrous flats, recent river terraces, decantation basins, overflow basins, old river terraces, turtle back, sand flats, and sand sheets. The study also demonstrated that the salinization, sodication, and physical degradation of the studied area were about 14.82, 35.86, and 83.04%, respectively. The hazard types were defined as low, moderate, high, and very high. The obtained data ...
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2017
Degradation factors cause serious limitations to agricultural productivity of land of Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, North Nile Delta. Therefore, there is a need for identifying the soil degradation types due to soil natural pedological process. This research work aims to determine the actual degradation status in the investigated area using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Based on soil physiographic units, 160 soil profiles were dug, soil samples were collected and analysed, then soil classification was established. The results demonstrated presence of many potential degradation processes; (soil compaction, water logging, salinization and sodification). It was noted that one of major factors of land degradation in the area was soil sealing. Therefore, Fuzzy model were established to calculate the changes of land use land cover in the last three decades to assess quantitative land degradation caused by soil sealing. Land degradation caused inappropriate agricultural practices mainly associated with conservation measurements absence; improper time use of heavy machinery, over irrigation, and human intervention in natural drainage.
GIS-based land degradation risk assessment of Damietta governorate, Egypt
Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2015
This study aims to assess the land degradation risk in the governorate by using Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. The preliminary landforms of the area were defined by using remote sensing data. The area includes flood plain, lacustrine plain and marine plain. A total of 18 soil profiles representing different mapping units were studied. Thirty six soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The soil properties of bulk density and electrical conductivity (EC) were attached to the different landforms. The thematic layers of these properties were created in Arc-GIS 10.2 software using the spatial analysis function and then these layers were matched together to assess the soil degradation. The obtained results revealed that the high risk of physical (i.e. soil compaction) and chemical vulnerability (i.e. salinization) covered an area of 86.02 km 2 (12.83%) and 2.28 km 2 (0.34%), respectively in the surface soil layers. The land degradation hazard in the surface layers due to soil compaction was moderate to very high, whereas the degree of salinization was low to high. Regarding to the subsurface soil layers, the high risk of physical degradation and chemical degradation covered an area of 127.8 km 2 (19.06%) and 10.6 km 2 (1.58%), respectively. The land degradation hazard due to soil compaction in the subsurface layers was moderate to high, whereas the degree of salinization was low to very high.
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
E GYPT Nile Delta has very limited area of fertile soils which threatening by urban sprawl. Assessment of theurban areastretch effect on agricultural lands of the Egyptian Northern Nile Delta has been detected by using Landsat TM,Landsat ETM + and Landsat OLIsatellite images (1984, 2002, and 2016 respectively).Monitoring of urban sprawl was applied by visual interpretation viasupervised classification, on-screen digitizing and post classification change detection technique.The urban thematic layerand the land capability map using GISmade it possible to highlight the hazards of urban growth on the soils that have high capability. The obtained results showed that theoverallincrease of urban area amounted to 28 Km 2 .(210% of the urban area) during the study from1984 to 2016. The urban areagrowththroughout the 1984-2016 was on the expense of the soils that have good capability with amount of 18 km 2 (4 % of the good capability soil area).While the soils with fair capability lost 9 km 2 had 4 % of the fair capability soil area.The urban area growth over the noncapable soils (barren land) was very large during the 1984 and 2002period, where it has been amounted to 11 km 2 was converted to urban. The urban sprawlpattern has been changed during the period from 2002 to 2016, where very partial area amounted to(1km 2) of the noncapablesoils(barren land) was changed to urbanarea.It could be summarized that the urban sprawl represents one of themainsoil loss and degradation processesin theNile delta.
Assessment of Soil Fertility Status under Soil Degradation Rate Using Geomatics in West Nile Delta
Land
The presence of a noticeable rate of degradation in the land of the Nile Delta reduces the efficiency of crop production and hinders supply of the increasing demand of its growing population. For this purpose, knowledge of soil resources and their agricultural potential is important for determining their proper use and appropriate management. Thus, we investigated the state of soil fertility by understanding the effect of the physical and chemical properties of the soil and their impact on the state of land degradation for the years 1985, 2002 (ancillary data), and 2021 (our investigation). The study showed that there are clear changes in the degree of soil salinity as a result of agricultural management, water conditions, and climatic changes. The soil fertility is obtained in four classes: Class one (I) represents soils of a good fertility level with an area of about 39%. Class two (II) includes soils of an average fertility level, on an area of about 7%. Class three (III) include...