Comparative Growth Performance of Camel Calves Feeding on Natural Range Land and Supplementary Diet (original) (raw)
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Comparative growth performance of camel calves kept under farm/farmer's conditions
2001
Pholai (Acacia modesta), Kandair (A/ha} i came/orum) and Kao (O/ea cuspidata). Monthly growth rate of the Institute calves was determined by actual weighing the animals coupled with their weight. assessed by a standard formula based on body measurements. Because of non-availability of weigh bridge at farmers premises, growth rate of farmer's calves was assessed by using the formula method only. Institute calves on an average attained a net weight gain of 135.451±6.35 kg, while farmer's calves gained 149.20±3.06 kg.
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2020
Marecha camel has good potential for commercial camel farming and it could be the source for future food production especially in arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan. Research work on production potential of Marecha camel is scanty. In the current study, 10 male Marecha calves (Camelus dromedarius) around 300±30 days of age were weaned at 9 months age and used in 90 days trial to study their growth rate. Calves were raised in two groups with 5 each under stall-fed conditions (intensive management system, IMS). They were offered roughage+concentrate at the ratio of 60:40. In 60 proportions the ratio between fodder (lucerne) and crop residues (gram crop residues) was 70:30. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels viz: one group with 18% CP and other group with 22% CP. Daily feeding allowance (@ 3% body weight) was calculated and adjusted according to fortnightly live weights. Water was provided twice a day. Daily weight gain was 953±50 and 996±40 g/d with 18% and 22% levels of protein ration, respectively while average DMI of concentrate, fodder and crop residues was 2.93±0.15, 3.00±0.16 and 1.31±0.08; 2.94±0.07, 3.03±0.07 and 1.31±0.03 kg/d, respectively with 18% and 22% levels of protein rations. These findings did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The calves gained 85.8 and 89.6 kg over 90 days with feed efficiency of 7.08 and 6.83 fed 18% and 22% levels of protein ration, respectively. The mean values of body condition scoring (BCS) and back fat layer measurement (BFLM) in five male camel calves of different weights, fed 18% and 22% CP ration were 4.4±0.9, 4.8±0.4 and 4.6±0.5, 4.9±0.3, respectively. The results indicated that weaning was more economical and resulted in savings of PKR 16,137 and 15,213 in calve groups fed with 18% and 22% levels of protein, respectively.
Effect of management system on camel calves growth rate and daily gain
The effect of Management system on growth rate and daily gain in one humped Sudanese camels calves were investigated, twenty four (24) camel calves (12 males and 12 females) at the first day of birth were selected, from the Sudanese Arabi Kababish bred. Camels' calves with their dams were maintained under semi-intensive and Traditional management system for 18 successive months. Calves in semi-intensive system in addition of their suckling of their respective dams they take supplementation diets (one kg of concentrate/head/day), ad libtium watering, health care and spraying weekly against ticks and external parasite. The live body weight of camel calves were obtained through direct weighing in 6 months interval, through four periods including birthday, 6 month, 12 months and 18 months. The results indicated that there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) in Birth weight of calves raised under semi-intensive and traditional system. In both systems the male (39 ± 0.31 kg) is significantly (P<0.05) heaver than the female (36 ± 0.34 mkg). The body weight of the calves under semi-intensive system during six, 12 and 18 months of age are 123 ± 2.21, 221 ± 2.17 and 326 ± 2.40 kg respectively, and on the other hand the body weight of the camel calves under traditional system during six months, 12 and 18 months are 96 ± 1.59, 159 ± 2.35 and 208 ± 2.50 kg, respectively. The results showed highly significant difference (P<0.01) between systems of management, The over all mean daily gain of camel calves under semi-intensive and traditional system were 535 ± 9.83 gram and 317 ± 5.46 gram, respectively. The average daily body gain from birth to six months, six – 12 month and 12-18 month of age in semi-intensive system were 477 ± 10.94, 542 ± 8.25 and 585 ± 8.37 gram/day, respectively. On the other hand the results showed that the average daily body gain form birth to six months, six – 12 moth and 12 – 18 months of calves managed under traditional system were 352 ± 10.55, 272 ± 15.98 and 316.71 ± 5.46 gram/day, respectively. We concluded the farming system effect significant on calves' daily gain growth rate, intensification management system will be improved camel meat production, and also the male was heavier than female on birth weight in all management system.
Growth Assessment in Camel (Camelus dromedarius): A Meta-Analysis Study
Journal of zoological research, 2022
In domestic animals, the body weight is the ultimate result of growth which forms the basis of meat production. Sex, nutrition, breed and health are the main factors which influence the growth rate in animals. Heredity which is the major factor affecting the prenatal growth either directly through the genotype of the fetus or indirectly through the genotype of the dam. The prenatal growth patterns and development of the camel fetus is just like the fetus of cattle, however, the meat output from the breeding shecamels is limited often due to longer gestation periods, longer milk feeding periods, lower calving rates under traditional management system. A lot of variation regarding camelid daily growth rate exists that varies widely between breeds, within breeds and regions. There is a significant effect of pre-weaning and post-weaning growth rates on the final body weights in camelids. Management system, the available milk quantity, husbandry practices and vegetative conditions are the main factors that affect the pre and post weaning growth rates of camel calves. However, it is partially dependent on the availability of browsing species throughout the whole year. In this specific study, an effort has been drawn to look into the literature data for camel growth assessment.
The effect of management system on Camel's milk yield and calve growth rate in north Kordofan, Sudan
2012
Twenty lactating she-camels and two mature male for mating were selected in north Kordofan state, Sudan. The animals were divided into two groups 10 she-camel of each with one male for mating. Group one managed in a semi intensive system, all animals were herded during night in closed in pen and set free during the midday. Supplementation consists of concentrates (2kg/day) and roughages (5kg/day) were used. The other group served as a control (Under traditional system) all animals managed traditionally but within the site of the experimental work, on this system the animals are brought to grazing areas where they selected the feed by themselves from the available plants and allowing nothing as supplemented feeding. The calves’ weights were determined every six months using traditional balances, also daily milk yield were recorded. The study indicated that daily milk production in she-camel reared under semi-intensive system was higher than the camels reared under traditional managem...
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology, 1992
1. The main forage for camels in northern Djibouti (mangrove with Avicennia marina) is very poor in nitrogen and energy. In a trial, 32 young camels (less than 2 years old) were used in four groups of eight each. 2. All the camels received mangrove as basal diet ad lib. 3. After 1 month, the camels received mineral supplementation in copper and zinc (groups 1 and 3) or/and a concentrate rich in protein and energy (groups 2 and 3) or continued with the basal diet (controls). 4. Any supplementation was stopped after 2 months for 1 month. 5. Growth performance was 550 g/day (concentrate-supplemented camels) and 570 g/day (concentrate+mineral-supplemented camels). 6. The growth was negative for the two others groups (-260 g/day). 7. Food intake of mangrove was slightly more important with mineral supplementation only and with mineral+concentrate supplementation. 8. The changes in metabolic profiles have shown an important catabolism in non-supplemented animals, an increase of urea and f...
Studies on Camel′s Feeding and Utilization of Camel′s Milk in Buttana Area, Gaderif State, Sudan
Advances in Dairy Research, 2015
The study was conducted in different locations in Butana area (Gadarif, Showak (Sharif Hassab Allah, Umgargoor, Alsobagh). a set of detailed structured questionnaires were used to collect information from a total of sixty camel owners in different locations in Butana area. The interviews were conducted over single visits to each owner. The objective of this study is to assess the uses of camel milk and their feeding in Buttana area, Gaderif State, Sudan. The results showed that most of she-camels produced from 2 to 3 litre milk/day during the lactation period of 10 months. The majority of camel owners used calves to stimulate milk let-down and they milked she-camels twice a day. The milk let-down in the presence of the calf is the main method adopted by camel owners (96.7%).The majority of owners consumed the produced milk, while few of them sold the produced milk and took the milk for calves. The study showed that the main source of camels feed was the pastures and the camels preferred to consume trees, bushes and grasses. The main source of water is river, wells and natural water net. The results showed that most of camel owners (85%) reared their camels in the pastures and animals preferred trees and shrubs (81.7%). The milking frequency in the present study ranged between 2 to 3 times in a day. The results revealed that the first serious constrain was the presence of camel diseases, followed by lack of feed, lack of water, financial problems and lack of security. The study concluded that the mean values of camel milk yield and component were affected by feeding.
Agriculture
This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional values of female camels’ milk and the minerals status, for them and their calves, when fed a total mixed ration (TMR) beside alfalfa hay during winter. Thirty-seven lactating multiparous female camels and their calves were selected at mid-lactation in the Al-Kharj region. Group one was fed only alfalfa hay ad libitum (C) and group two was supplemented with a total mixed ratio (TMR; 4 kg/head/day), primarily containing a mix of barley grain, wheat feed, palm kernel cake, soya hulls, vitamins and minerals. Milk and blood samples were collected in the middle of the winter season and analyzed for minerals using ICP-OES. A significant (p < 0.05) higher concentration was observed for protein and inorganic matter in milk from female camels supplemented with TMR in the T group. In addition, Mg, Co, Fe and Zn levels in milk significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared with the control group (C). Blood serum concentrations of Ca, P,...
The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of feeding different levels of energy and protein supplementation along with groundnut haulms (Arachis hypogaea L.) on nutrient utilization in dromedary camels. Three concentrates mixtures were formulated, viz. high protein and low energy (T1); high energy and low protein (T2); and medium protein and energy (T3). The digestibility coefficients for dry matter and organic matter were higher in T3 as compared to T2 and T1 but there was nonsignificant difference between T1 and T2 on one hand, and between T1 and T2 on the other hand. There was nonsignificant difference between the groups for NDF, ADF and hemicellulose digestibility. The digestible crude protein (DCP) content was significantly higher in T1 followed by T3 and T2 but there was reverse trend for total digestible nutrient (TDN) content. The nitrogen balance was significantly lower in group fed on high energy and low protein content through the concentrate mixture. ...