Remodeling Capacity of Femoral Bone Defect by POP-CHA Bone Substitute: A Study in Rats’ Osteoclast (First Series of POP-based Bone Graft Improvement) (original) (raw)
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Behavior of plaster of Paris-calcium carbonate composite as bone substitute. A study in rats
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2013
Calcium sulfate, also known as plaster of Paris (POP), is probably the oldest biomaterial used for bone grafting and considered to be a fast degradable material that allows complete resorption before the bone defect area is completely filled by new bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to combine POP with calcium carbonate in order to increase the the osteoconductivity of this material. Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats, 5-months-old and weighing 300-350 g, were used in the study. Various treatment groups were created by the implantation of cylindrical samples of POP-100, POP-075 and POP-050 into the femoral condyles. After 1 and 4 weeks of implantation, rats were sacrificed and the implanted areas and the surrounding tissue were retrieved for histological analysis. The study was completed by an in vitro experiment, which included the soaking of the experimental materials into simulated body fluid. The results indicated that the composites were appropriate to be used as bone grafting material. The incorporation of CaCO 3 into POP did decrease the degradation rate of the cements and induced faster bone formation, thus provides promising properties to this material. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Head & face medicine, 2010
In this study, the biocompatibility, stability and osteotransductivity of a new cement based on alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) were investigated in a bone repair model using a rat model. The potential of alpha-TCP on bone repair was compared to autogenous bone grafting, and unfilled cavities were used as negative control. Surgical cavities were prepared and designated as test (T), implanted with alpha-TCP blocks; negative control (C - ), unfilled; and positive control (C + ), implanted with autogenous bone graft. Results were analyzed on postoperative days three, seven, 14, 21 and 60. The histological analyses showed the following results. Postoperative day three: presence of inflammatory infiltrate, erythrocytes and proliferating fibroblasts in T, C - and C + samples. Day seven: extensive bone neoformation in groups T and C + , and beginning of alpha-TCP resorption by phagocytic cells. Days 14 and 21: osteoblastic activity in the three types of cavities. Day 60: In all samp...
Calcified Tissue International, 2002
The search for an ideal bone substitute is ongoing. Multiple osteoconductive bone substitutes are available today. Plaster of Paris (POP) (calcium sulfate) has been used for more than 100 years for treatment of skeletal defects. This implant is compared to a new material, hydroxyapatite/calcium carbonate (HA/CC), in a rabbit tibia model. HA/CC is made from partial conversion of coralline calcium carbonate to hydroxyapatite and has an outer hydroxyapatite layer and an inner calcium carbonate core, a combination that leads to faster resorption than that of pure hydroxyapatite. This study compares the histomorphometric and radiographic properties of POP and HA/CC in a rabbit tibial defect. Both implants preferentially restore bone to the cortex relative to the canal. Plaster of Paris was fully resorbed by 6 weeks both radiographically and histometrically and HA/CC was substantially resorbed by 42 weeks. No signi®cant dierence was noted in volume fraction of bone between the two implants at 42 weeks postimplantation. Hydroxyapatite/calcium carbonate is a biocompatible bone graft substitute with a rate of resorption signi®cantly slower than plaster of Paris.
Vascularization of an artificial graft represents one of the most significant challenges facing the field of bone tissue engineering. Over the past decade, strategies to vascularize artificial scaffolds have been intensively evaluated using osteoinductive calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials in animal models. In this work, we observed that CaP-based biomaterials implanted into rat calvarial defects showed remarkably accelerated formation and mineralization of new woven bone in defects in the initial stages, at a rate of *60 mm/day (0.8mg/day), which was considerably higher than normal bone growth rates (several mm/day, 0.1mg/day) in implant-free controls of the same age. Surprisingly, we also observed histological evidence of primary osteon formation, indicated by blood vessels in early-region fibrous tissue, which was encapsulated by lamellar osteocyte structures. These were later fully replaced by compact bone, indicating complete regeneration of calvarial bone. Thus, the CaP biomaterial used here is not only osteoinductive, but vasculogenic, and it may have contributed to the bone regeneration, despite an absence of osteons in normal rat calvaria. Further investigation will involve how this strategy can regulate formation of vascularized cortical bone such as by control of degradation rate, and use of models of long, dense bones, to more closely approximate repair of human cortical bone.
Calcified Tissue International, 2017
The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of composites of calcium phosphates including b-tri calcium phosphate (b-TCP), dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, monetite), mono-calcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), and hydroxyapatite (HA) with the chitosan-gelatin-platelet gel (CGP) on the healing of experimentally induced critical size radial bone defects in rats after 8 weeks of injury. Eighty bilateral bone defects were created in the radial bones of 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The defects were either left empty (untreated or defect group), or treated with autograft, CGP, CGP-DCP, CGP-TCP, CGP/b-TCP/DCPA (CGP-TD), CGP-TD/ MCPM (CGP-TDM), and CGP-TDM/HA (CGP-TDMH) scaffolds. The injured forelimbs were evaluated by radiography, gross morphology, three-dimensional computed tomography scanning, histopathology, histomorphometry, scanning electron microscopy, and biomechanical testing. The materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction to verify the crystalline nature of their structures, and their crystallinity was revealed based on the diffraction peaks achieved from the XRD analysis. The best results were achieved by the CGP-DCP scaffold and the autograft. The CGP-TCP and CGP-TDMH scaffolds were not degraded, while the CGP-DCP, CGP-TDM, CGP-TD, and CGP scaffolds were biodegraded and enhanced bone formation compared with the CGP-TCP and CGP-TDMH groups (P \ 0.05). Overall, the CGP-DCP treated defects showed significant improvement in bone formation and union, bone volume, maximum load, and stiffness compared to the CGP group (P \ 0.05). It could be concluded that the CGP-DCP scaffold can be considered as a suitable substitute to autograft. In fact, this study demonstrated that DCPA or monetite has high healing potential due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and biomechanical, osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of this bioceramic.
2009
Purpose: Synthetic bone products such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) are mixtures of hydroxyapatite (HA) and βtricalcium phosphate (β -TCP). In periodontal therapies and implant treatments, BCP provides to be a good bone reconstructive material since it has a similar chemical composition to biological bone apatites. The purpose of this study was to compare bone regeneration capacity of two commercially available BCP. Methods: Calvarial defects were prepared in sixteen 9-20 months old New Zealand White male rabbits. BCP with HA and β -TCP (70:30) and BCP with Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) and β-TCP (60:40) particles were filled in each defect. Control defects were filled with only blood clots. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 week postoperatively. Histomorphometric analysis was performed. Results: BCP with HAand β -TCP 8 weeks group and BCP with Si-HA and β -TCP 4 and 8 weeks groups showed statistically significant in crease (P <0.05) in augmented area than control group. Newly formed bone area after 4 and 8 weeks was similar among all the groups. Residual materials were slightly more evident in BCP with HA and β -TCP 8 weeks group. Conclusions: Based on histological results, BCP with HA and β -TCP and BCP with Si-HA and β -TCP appears to demonstrate acceptable space maintaining capacity and elicit significant new bone formation when compared to natural bone healing in 4 and 8 week periods. (J Korean Acad Periodontol 2009;39:223-230) KEY WORDS: bone substitutes; hydroxyapatite wound healing.
Bratislavské lekárske listy, 2012
The objective of this study is to radiologically evaluate the effects of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold with 5, 10 and 20 percentage of porosity on cortical bone repair in rabbits. In this study, 28 male white rabbits were examined. Rabbits were divided into four groups. After induction of general anesthesia, a segmental bone defect of 10 mm in length was created in the middle of the right radius shaft. In group A, the defect was stabilized with miniplate and 2 screws and left untreated. In groups B, C and D tricalcium phosphate scaffold mixed with hydroxyapatite (TCP+HA) with 5%, 10% and 20% porosity was used to fi ll the bone defect. Bone regeneration and HA+TCP scaffold resorption were assessed by X-ray at 1, 2 and 3 months after the surgery. In group A, 3 months after surgery, periosteal callus was not found but intercortical callus was observed. In groups B and C, 3 months after surgery medullary bridging callus and intercortical callus were found, periosteal callus was no...
Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2009
Objectives: Synthetic calcium phosphate bone substitutes such as hydroxyapatite (HA), btricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) or mixtures are alternatives to autogenous bone grafts. TricOs T s and Collagraft s are resorbable bone substitutes consisting of biphasic calcium phosphate and a bioactive matrix. Both products have a similar HA to b-TCP ratio, but differ by their matrix. It was the aim of this study to determine the influence of matrix and autologous bone marrow on bone regeneration in a rabbit femoral condyle model. Material and methods: A critical-sized bicortical channel with a diameter of 4.5 mm was drilled through the femoral condyles in male New Zealand rabbits. Collagraft s with bone marrow harvested from the posterior iliac crest or TricOs T s with and without bone marrow was introduced into the defect. Rabbits were euthanized 8 weeks later. The percentage of newly formed bone was determined by micro-computed tomography.
Benha Veterinary Medical Journal
To investigate the suitability of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP-NPs) as bone graft substitute in an experimental critical-size femoral bone defect (0.5 cm), six apparent clinically healthy mongrel male dogs of, average age 2 years, average weight 10-20 kg.b.w.t were randomly allocated into two equal experimental groups (3dog each).Control group without any implants, and treated group received CaP-NPs implant. Firstly, transverse femoral diaphyseal osteoctomy was made by Gegli saw. Then diaphyseal critical-size femoral bone defect (0.5 cm) was fixed by 3.5mm dynamic compression plate with 6 holes. Finally, the defect was filled with CaP-NPs. The observation period extend to 90 days post operation. During which the operated animals were evaluated clinically, radiologically and histopathologically. And also biochemical evaluation and computed tomography examination were also conducted to confirm the result.. Clinically, CaP-NPs group was superior to control in full weight bearing, soft tissue healing and resolution of inflammation at 10-15 days post-operation. Radiologically, the defect was completely filled with new bone formation after 10 weeks in CaP-NPs group. The control group showed a relatively slow healing process, and the union was complete after 13 weeks. Biochemical analysis showed a significant elevation of ALP activity, Ca, and Ph in CaP-NPs group. Computed tomography and histopathological examination at 13 weeks revealed better bone healing through marked bridging callus formation in CaP-NPs group than control one. The obtained result revealed CaP-NPs is a promising bone grafting material for treatment of bone defects due to its biocompatibility, osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties.
Increased Bone Formation Using Calcium Sulfate-Calcium Phosphate Composite Graft
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 2007
Calcium phosphates (CaPO 4 ) and faster-resorbing calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) are successfully employed as synthetic bone grafts for treatment of contained defects. We used a canine critical-sized bone defect model to study an injectable CaSO 4 /CaPO 4 composite graft that incorporated a matrix of CaSO 4 and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate into which ßtricalcium phosphate granules were distributed. The area fraction, ultimate compressive stress, and elastic modulus of restored bone and the relative rates of material resorption were compared between the CaSO 4 /CaPO 4 composite graft and pure CaSO 4 pellets and to normal canine bone. The area fraction of bone in stained sections and the ultimate compressive stress of the regenerated bone were greater using the CaSO 4 /CaPO 4 composite graft compared to pure CaSO 4 pellets after 13 and 26 weeks and were greater than normal bone. The elastic modulus of restored bone in defects treated with CaSO 4 /CaPO 4 composite graft was greater than in defects treated with CaSO 4 pellets after 26 weeks, but similar to specimens of normal bone. A small amount of CaSO 4 /CaPO 4 composite graft and no CaSO 4 pellets remained after 13 or 26 weeks. This novel CaSO 4 /CaPO 4 composite holds promise for clinical applications where a strong, injectable, slowerresorbing, and biocompatible bone graft substitute would be advantageous.