Conversion feasibility of the KILnGAS Commercial Module (KCM) to a hazardous-waste facility: A preliminary assessment (original) (raw)

Thermal treatment of hazardous wastes: a comparison of fluidized bed and rotary kiln incineration

Energy & Fuels, 1993

Large volumes of sludge are produced by a wide variety of industrial processes and by municipal waste water treatment. Interest in incinerating these sludges, either alone or co-fired with other fuels, is increasing. The issues surrounding sludge incineration in rotary kilns and fluidized beds were identified through a series of pilot-scale tests using two slightly different paper mill sludges.

Optimizing the throughput of hazardous waste incinerators

AIChE Journal, 1990

This work presents a linear, steady-state model of a rotary kiln hazardous waste incinerator. Mass balance constraints, energy balance constraints, constraints typically imposed by incinerator permits, and constraints imposed by design limitations are all included in the model. The model is used to perform optimization studies, which maximize a measure of the incinerator's throughput. The sensitivity of the model to uncertainties in the chemical property values of the waste streams is also examined. For the spectrum of case studies examined, the optimal operating conditions are most sensitive to halogen content and water content of the wastes and are less sensitive to variations in heating value and nitrogen content.

Incineration of Hazardous Waste: A Sustainable Process?

Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2014

The first objective of any waste policy should be to minimize the negative effects of the generation and management of waste on human health and the environment. Re-use and recycling of waste, although of high priority in the waste hierarchy, is not necessarily always the best treatment method. In the case of hazardous waste containing toxic components, thermal treatment with energy recovery constitutes a cost effective treatment option, complying with the pillars of ''Sustainability'' and the requirements of ''Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production''. Iron recovery from the incineration ashes, water recycling, substitution of fossil fuel by high calorific waste in the incineration process, and energy recovery, avoid the use of non-renewable resources. Emissions to air and discharges to water of a typical rotary kiln for the incineration of hazardous waste, are far below the European emission limit values. Furthermore, recent studies on health effects of modern, state-of-the art waste incinerators show that any potential damage to the health of those living close-by or working in a hazardous waste incineration plant, is likely to be very small, if detectable.

A comparative assessment of waste incinerators in the UK

Waste Management, 2013

The uptake in Europe of Energy from Waste (EfW) incinerator plants has increased rapidly in recent years. In the UK, 25 municipal waste incinerators with energy recovery are now in operation; however, their waste supply chains and business practices vary significantly. With over a hundred more plant developments being considered it is important to establish best business practices for ensuring efficient environmental and operational performance. By reviewing the 25 plants we identify four suitable case study plants to compare technologies (moving grate, fluidised bed and rotary kiln), plant economics and operations. Using data collected from annual reports and through interviews and site visits we provide recommendations for improving the supply chain for waste incinerators and highlight the current issues and challenges faced by the industry. We find that plants using moving grate have a high availability of 87-92%. However, compared to the fluidised bed and rotary kiln, quantities of bottom ash and emissions of hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide are high. The uptake of integrated recycling practices, combined heat and power, and post incineration non-ferrous metal collections needs to be increased among EfW incinerators in the UK. We conclude that one of the major difficulties encountered by waste facilities is the appropriate selection of technology, capacity, site, waste suppliers and heat consumers. This study will be of particular value to EfW plant developers, government authorities and researchers working within the sector of waste management.

The environmental impact of a municipal solid waste incinerator: 15 years of monitoring

2014

A Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator located in Rimini province (Italy) has been monitored for 15 years in order to assess its environmental impact. An integrated environmental monitoring system was designed and implemented over the years. Furthermore, the impact assessment was supported by other tools, such as life cycle analysis (LCA) and risk assessment. In order to fulfil new rules, over the years, the plant underwent several revamping processes. The environmental monitoring was activated in 1997 an involved the analysis of several matrices: soil, atmospheric deposition, vegetation and particulate airborne matter. Based on the obtained results, the monitoring evolved and the sampling sites, analites, matrices and/or sampling techniques were modified. LCA application to the plant was carried out both to investigate the contribution of the incinerator to different environmental categories and to evaluate the effect of the revamping process on plant impacts. In order to assess health effects connected to plant activity, risk assessment applied to air emissions was evaluated for the period 1997-2006. All the study results show that incineration plant emissions do not appreciably affect the contaminant load in the study area. Source apportionment techniques demonstrated that the main sources in the study area are vehicular traffic and regional contribution. LCA indicates quantitatively the lower environmental impact resulting from structural upgrade operations. Risk

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Small Scale Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant

2021

This study presents the design and testing of a waste-to-energy plant by incineration of small scale municipal solid waste to produce steam for electricity production. The average total waste generated within the study area was found to be 55,800kg/day, with an estimated calorific value of 13,958kJ/kg. The waste samples were collected, dried, shredded and weighed in order to reduce the moisture content to the acceptable minimum and decreases the surface area of the sample that will allow easier penetration of heat. The incinerator was designed using CATIA-5 software. The key performance indices of the developed plant are maximum furnace temperature, residence time, mass flow rate, steam pressures and amount of steam generated keeping the mass of waste constant per test but varying the air flow. The moving grate is inclined at an angle of 12° while the volume of the incineration combustion chamber was calculated to be 0.267m3. 150kg of small scale waste was fed into the combustion ch...

Combustion Modelling of a Rotary Kiln for Hazardous Waste Incineration

Incineration is an excellent disposal technology for all waste materials with heat release potentials, and provides high degree of toxic destruction and control for a broad range of hazardous materials. In the Netherlands, the hazardous wastes in various forms are processed at AVR-Chemie located at the Rotterdam harbour, through rotary kiln incinerators. The newly enforced regulations from the European Union with stricter emission levels require a better understanding of the incineration process and improved process control. However, the transport phenomena and combustion processes within the kiln system are very complex and not well understood. In order to get better understanding of the incineration process within the rotary kiln system, research was carried out to study the fluid flow and combustion behaviour of the incineration system. Computational Fluid-dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the waste combustion process, and temperature measurements of the operating rotary kiln incinerator were conducted to validate the CFD model and to provide the information to kiln operators at AVR. This paper will present the latest results from the current research project for the simulation of gas flow and mixing, and combustion heat transfer for a wide range of hazardous waste streams.