Ana Akim Kalkinma Literatürüne Alternati̇f Bi̇r Bakiş Açisi: Kadin-Toplumsal Ci̇nsi̇yet Ve Kalkinma Yaklaşiminin Ortaya Çikiş Ve Geli̇şi̇mi̇ (original) (raw)
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DergiPark (Istanbul University), 2016
Beginning in the 1970s, neoliberal policies have been implemented to resolve the economic crisis due to the stage of capital reaches in all over the world. These policies associated with liberating market and reducing government expenditures. The policies designed by international institutions aimed to create development through economic growth. The socioeconomic effect of this transformation process on the societies in developing countries has been a popular research subject in the development literature. However recent research has revealed that the development process does not have the same effect on women`s and men`s economic and social position in developing countries. Regarding to this fact, today women-gender and development approach is the most functional theoretical tool by researching women's experiences in development process. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of women-gender and development approach by scrutinizing its emergence and progress within development literature.
The pre-World War II period saw flourishing movements of various forms of feminism; however, the nexus between (economic) development and women was not clearly articulated until the second half of the 20th century. Women first came into focus in development as objects of welfare policies, including birth control, nutrition, pregnancy, and so forth. [1] "In 1962 the UN General Assembly asked the Commission on Women's Status to prepare a report on the role of women in development. Ester Boserup's path breaking study on Women's Role in Economic Development was published in 1970." [2] These events marked monumental moments in developing liberal paradigm of women in development, and the welfarist approach still remains dominant in development practices today. This article scrutinizes various approaches in gender and development, but primarily covers the dominant liberal approaches starting from WID,
Women and Development- Issues and Challenges
2018
The discourse on development has traditionally constructed women as beneficiaries and not as key players in creating an equitable society. The deep rooted patriarchal structures coupled with the hegemonic tendencies of the neo liberal state have further pushed them to the margins. However, women constitute half of the humanity and any discursive space would offer only a partial account of progress if it fails to take note of their vast potential. It is imperative, therefore, that any development agenda must evolve a nuanced approach that factors in the differentials – whether it be caste, class, race, sexuality and religion or a combination of all three. The writings in this book cover a wide spectrum of issues from a gendered perspective, critically scrutinizing existing policies and attempting to signal towards the alternative models. Among the themes discussed are: • Deconstructing development from a gendered perspective :Ideological debates • The discourse on rights and resisting inequalities • Reviewing and recasting initiatives: Policies and programmes • Women and media • Viewing women as beneficiaries or determinants? With its interdisciplinary character related to the development discourse in the context of women, this collection of papers will be of great interest to sociologists, historians, political scientists, educationists, home scientists, and those interested in gender studies and policy making.
Gender Equality and Development
Gender issue dominates the 21 st century discourse both in the developed world and in the developing countries. It is a top priority of United Nation policy and World Bank commitment to invest on any programmes that guarantee full participation of women. Gender inequality or discrimination has been blamed on the steady increase on poverty, unemployment and other related issues. It is by no means a Western concept aimed at liberating women from perceived discrimination. Gender equality is perceived as a meaningful guarantor of development. However, academic query on this important issue left some gap to be filled on the irony of gender equality. What does the concept stand for, where is it coming from, what is the motive of gender equality, does it really guarantee women freedom without subjecting them to forms of exploitation and dehumanization? This piece is critical in answering these questions and in accessing the economic development agenda behind the campaign on gender equality. In order to achieve this, Marxist position is utilized, while upholding Structural functionalist theory to maintain the status quo and with certain modification and improvement on the condition of women. However, the study indicted capitalist economic system as the major causes of gender inequality.
Economic Issues among Women's Development
International Journal of Social and Economic Research , 2011
The economic issues among women's development is divided into two parts, first focuses on economic issues among employed women and second concentrates on the economic issues among unemployed women. In economic issues among employed women, it is seen that the women in the present study displayed a high participation ratio in economic activities. Women engaged in teaching and clerical jobs were highest, lowest being that of administrative jobs. Majority of the respondents were holding permanent jobs. Those who were helping the families and husbands in the business and all self employed women were included in permanent jobs. The study also shows that some of the respondents believed that their working outside did not affect their children but it is seen that these respondents either worked from home or were self employed or had a job were they can be at home when the children came from school. Some had a strong support system of their parents and in-laws. But it is seen that those who were holding jobs where they had to stay late or a job involving lot of stress the respondents suffered from guilt when they couldn't stay behind if the child was sick or when the children had exams and so on. This shows that a job is much more for a woman than cash benefits; it is closely associated with her whole life. In spite of all this, the respondents feel that they should have their own identity so they like to work that is an emerging trend.
School of Human studies B. R. Ambedkar University Delhi Man and woman are a peerless pair; being supplementary to one another; each helps the other, so that without the one, the existence of the other cannot be conceived and, therefore, it follows that anything that impairs the status of either of them will involve the equal ruin of them both.
11.Examining Gender Difference in Socio-economic Development
The study of how gender difference impacts an economy is one of the increasing talked about issues in the developing world. In the developing countries, gender gap is still a big issue that has a direct impact on the socio-economic development of a country. However, it is also important to examine how the differences are associated with the well being of a particular gender. A body of literature shows that in the context of developing world, gender inequalities are also important in shaping the outcomes of the same gender. Following a case study method, this paper addresses the issue of gender difference in the context of developing world and highlights how women's access to power and wages may contribute to the socio-economic development of the emerging countries.
Gender and Development: A Literature Review
This paper explores the literature on gender and development. Achieving women development requires the considerations of various aspects. Education is an important factor of development but it must be tailored to meet the needs of the target group. In developing countries one of the main barriers to women development is early marriage, which prevents further education, physical growth and power of decision; thus leads to more disparities between men and women. The interpretation of religious beliefs is another factor that legitimates inequalities; organizations have to understand its meaning and find ways to implement development programs in faith-based environments. They also have to advocate change in institutions that sustain disparities for the creation of unbiased policies.
Redefining the Economic Status of Women in Developing Nations: Gender Perspective
2012
Economic status of women is one of the most important criteria for estimating with precision the degree of the women development of a particular country in various periods of history. It is generally accepted that a change in the economic status of women is a good indicator of development of women as well as development of nation. In the present paper the word 'Economic Status of Women' has been used in terms of aggregate of Material Economic Status and Abstract Economic Status. In the present study the Economic Status of Women of different caste groups, is viewed by considering its relationship with Income Level of the family (ascriptive status / man achieved status) and Level of Exposure (achieved status/ women achieved status) respectively. The study finds that the parameters which are taken under the variable, Level of Exposure of Woman, presents the true and achieved status of the women of the different caste groups irrespective of the high level of family Income. Regre...