Life Table Parameters ofTetranychus urticaeKoch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Different Bean Varieties (original) (raw)
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The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is very polyphagous and considered a serious pest worldwide. The use of relatively resistant crop cultivars may limit the negative effects of this pest; we therefore compared population growth parameters of T. urticae reared on five commonly grown bean cultivars in Iran (Derakhshan, G14, Sayyad, D81, and Talash). The life table parameters were estimated at 25±1 o C, 60±10% RH, and a photoperiod of 18:6 h (L:D). Egg hatchability, development time and survival to adult stage were similar among cultivars, but we detected significant variation in fecundity and longevity, resulting in large differences for population growth parameters like the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m ), net reproductive rate (R 0 ), finite rate of increase (λ) and doubling time (DT). Sayyad was the most favourable host for two-spotted spider mites with r m = 0.295 (offspring/female/day), followed by G14 (0.261), D81 (0.244) and Derakhshan (0.238). The slowest population growth was observed on the Talash variety with r m = 0.214. These findings indicate that the choice of bean variety will affect how fast spider mite populations reach damaging levels in a culture.
Life Parameters of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Six Common Bean Cultivars
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2014
It is well recognized that the quality of host plants affects the development and survival of twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. The life table parameters of T. urticae, on six cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (chiti Khomein, chiti Ks21189, red Akhtar, red Ks31169, white Pak, and white G11867) were studied at constant laboratory conditions (27 Ϯ 2ЊC, 70 Ϯ 5% RH and 16:8 L:D). Total development times of immature males and females were signiÞcantly inßuenced by bean cultivar. T. urticae laid signiÞcantly more eggs per day on red Akhtar (16.16) than on the other cultivars. The mean generation time ranged from 23.37 to 34.82 d, and a signiÞcant varietal effect was seen. Percentage of egg hatchability of twospotted spider mite ranged from 88.25 to 94.20%. The highest intrinsic rate of increase, was recorded on red Akhtar (0.269 Ϯ 0.031) and the lowest value was obtained on white Pak (0.129 Ϯ 0.048). In addition, net reproductive rate and Þnite rate of increase of the twospotted spider mite had the highest value on red Akhtar: 62.38 Ϯ 1.05 and 1.30 Ϯ 1.02, respectively. The lowest values of these parameters were recorded on white Pak as 26.11 Ϯ 1.40 and 1.13 Ϯ 1.10, respectively. Doubling time varied signiÞcantly on different cultivars and the lowest and highest values were obtained on red Akhtar and white Pak, respectively. Our Þndings revealed that white beans (Pak and G11867) were less suitable cultivars, suggesting that they are more resistant to the twospotted spider mite than the other cultivars. KEY WORDS life table parameter, fecundity, resistance, common bean, twospotted spider mite Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and widely grown crops in the world, and commercially produced in Markazi, Lorestan, Fars, and Zanjan provinces of Iran. Based on reports by the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture (Statistical Bulletin, Iran, 2005) this crop is grown on Ͼ105,000 ha annually in Iran. Various pests affect common bean production in Iran, among which the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is considered important in many bean-growing areas of Iran (Rott and
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF SPIDER MITE (TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH) INFESTING COUNTRY BEAN
2008
The duration of developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied in different months of a year at room temperature. In addition fecundity of this mite was also observed in winter, autumn and summer seasons. T. urticae eggs hatched to larvae in the shortest duration of 1.07 ± 0.26 days and the longest duration of 11.67 ± 2.33 days in April and January, respectively. The larval period of T. urticae took the shortest time of 0.55 ± 0.50 days in May and 2.93 ± 1.07 days in December. The protonymph transformed to deutonymph in 0.89 ± 0.32 day in May and 3.71 ± 1.94 in December and January. The deutonymph required the shortest duration of 0.92 ± 0.41 days in August and the longest of 10.26 ± 1.48 days in January. The temperature played significant (P<0.001) role on the duration of developmental stages of T. urticae. The high temperature accelerated the developmental rate and reduced the duration of developmental periods. Its life cycle completed within 4.22 ± 0.46 days at 28.53 ± 3.17°C but 28.33 ± 2.36 days at 13.78 ± 2.36°C. A female T. urticae deposited 82.46 ± 4.11 eggs in autumn, 62.96 ± 12.09 eggs in summer and 58.21 ±1 3.65 eggs in winter.
Study on the developmental Stages of Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) Infesting Country Bean
Journal of Bio-Science, 1970
The duration of developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch was studied in different months of a year at room temperature. In addition fecundity of this mite was also observed in winter, autumn and summer seasons. T. urticae eggs hatched to larvae in the shortest duration of 1.07 ± 0.26 days and the longest duration of 11.67 ± 2.33 days in April and January, respectively. The larval period of T. urticae took the shortest time of 0.55 ± 0.50 days in May and 2.93 ± 1.07 days in December. The protonymph transformed to deutonymph in 0.89 ± 0.32 day in May and 3.71 ± 1.94 in December and January. The deutonymph required the shortest duration of 0.92 ± 0.41 days in August and the longest of 10.26 ± 1.48 days in January. The temperature played significant (P<0.001) role on the duration of developmental stages of T. urticae. The high temperature accelerated the developmental rate and reduced the duration of developmental periods. Its life cycle completed within 4.22 ± 0.46 days at 2...
African Entomology, 2016
The developmental and reproductive biology of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), a devastating polyphagous pest, were studied on five vegetables in summer (27-36°C, RH 81-85 %) and winter (5-19°C, RH 70-75 %) under prevailing laboratory conditions. Immature developmental time and adult longevity were inversely related to seasons. The results indicated that the development of the mite increased more rapidly on bean in summer than on the other tested hosts. The longest developmental period was 41.94 and 41.07 days for females and males, respectively, in winter when T. urticae was fed on cowpea. In contrast, it was the shortest (11.25 and 10.39 days) in summer while reared on bean. Lifetime fecundity (62.71) and daily fecundity (5.48) was the highest on bean in summer. The sex ratio (female:male) was the highest (0.76) on cowpea and the lowest (0.66) on brinjal in winter. Survivorship during immature development varied from 82.14 to 95.65 %, with the lowest rate in summer when reared on bean. Life table parameters were analysed and the generation time (T) was found the lowest (20.37) in summer when fed on bean, net reproductive rate (R0) was the highest (36.29) in summer on cowpea and both intrinsic rate of natural increase, rm (0.17), and finite rate of increase, l (1.19), were the highest in summer when fed on bean.
2021
Cultural methods such as crop fertilization can affect susceptibility of plants to herbivores by altering plant tissue nutrient. In this study, the life table parameters of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined under different chemical fertilizer regimes on resistant bean cultivar (var. Parastoo) under laboratory conditions at 25±1°C, 60±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hour. Treatments included 30, 60, and 100% of the recommended level of urea, ammonium nitrate, and potassium sulfate fertilizers. According to the obtained results, the longest preadult development time was related to individuals reared on the fertilized bean with potassium sulfate 60%, while the shortest period was related to those on 30% ammonium nitrate and 60%urea. The mean fecundity of the individuals reared on fertilized beans with different concentrations of ammonium nitrate (especially 60% ammonium nitrate) were significantly higher than the other fertilizers. The h...
Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the life-table parameters of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on leaves of four maize varieties: (1) transgenic Bt maize variety MON 88017 expressing Cry3Bb1 for control of Diabrotica spp., and protein CP4 EPSPS for a toleration of glyphosate-based herbicides, (2) isogenic variety treated with or without soil insecticide, (3) KIPOUS and (4) PR38N86. The latter two maize varieties were used as independent references. The leaves used in the experiments were collected in the field after flowering. The content of Cry protein was verified with an immunological ELISA test. Newly emerged larvae were individually placed on the upper surface of leaf discs placed on water saturated cotton in plastic Petri dishes. Survival of juveniles, developmental time and female fecundity was examined daily until the mites died. The longevity of adults was the longest and females oviposited the highest amount of eggs o...
It is well recognized that the quality of host plants affects the development and survival of herbivorous arthropods. The life table parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch, on six cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) "chiti Khomein, chiti Ks21189, red Akhtar, red Ks31169, white Pak and white G11867" were studied at constant laboratory conditions (27±2ºC, 70±5% RH and 16 L:8 D h), during 2009-2011. Results showed that the immature developmental times of males and females were significantly influenced by bean cultivars. Tetranychus urticae laid significantly more eggs per day on red Akhtar cultivar (16.16) compared with the other cultivars. The mean generation time affected by different cultivars and it's ranged varied from 23.37 to 34.82 days. Percentage the egg hatching of TSSM ranged varied from 88.25% to 94.20%. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), was recorded on red Akhtar (0.269±0.031day-1) and the lowest value was obtained on white Pak (0.129±0.048day-1). In addition, net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) of the TSSM had the highest value on red Akhtar (62.38±1.05 female offspring and 1.30±1.02 day-1 , respectively). The lowest values of these parameters were recorded on white Pak as 27.37±1.40 female offspring and 1.13±1.10 day-1 , respectively. Doubling time (DT) varied significantly on different cultivars and its shortest and longest values were obtained on red Akhtar and white Pak, respectively. Our findings revealed that white beans (Pak and G11867) were less suitable cultivars, suggesting that they are more resistant to the TSSM than the other cultivars.
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2018
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus uticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is globally one of the most devastating pests that feed on numerous crops, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of genotype and morphological attributes of common bean on T. uticae. Forty common bean accessions were used to investigate antixenosis and antibiosis through assessing mite feeding preference and reproduction under laboratory conditions. Three resistant (i.e., 56, 63, 238) and two susceptible (i.e., 182, 236) accessions, along with cultivars Naz (resistant) and Akhtar (susceptible), were used in a life-table study. Both antixenosis and antibiosis mechanism were observed in all of the accessions, albeit a negative correlation occurred. Significant differences were observed for all traits of T. urticae: developmental time of immature stages, reproduction, adult longevity and life-table parameters. Based on the intrinsic rate of increase, the accessions 56, 63, 182, 238, and cv. Naz impose high antibiotic effects on T. urticae. Although significant variation existed among accessions for morphological factors, only glandular trichomes correlated with mite fecundity and feeding preference.
Control of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on kidney Bean and Pea Plants
The effect of the two predatory species (Phytosiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Typhlodromips swirskii Athias-Henrio), fungal entomopathogen (Beuvaria bassiana) and the Biochemical compound Abamectin (Vapcomic) were investigated against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on kidney bean (Paulista) and sugar snap pea (Snow wind) in a greenhouse at Behaira Governorate during 2013 season. The average number of spider mite population was significantly different among the different treatments on Paulista (F 4,99 = 39.025; P < 0.001; Table 1), and on Snow wind (F 4,99 = 32.17; P < 0.001). The mean reduction percentage of the spider mite populations on both plant varieties by P. persimilis was significantly highest (95.2%). Followed by treating with Vapcomic (90.0 %) and the fungus B. bassiana (84.8%); T. swirskii caused the least (71.9%).