Business ecosystem perspective on innovation policy: a case study of San Diego life sciences (original) (raw)

Business and innovation ecosystems: innovation policy implications

International Journal of Public Policy, 2019

The concepts of the business ecosystem and innovation ecosystem have become highly utilized in business and innovation studies. However, research on the innovation policy implications of these concepts and the ways ecosystems emerge and evolve is still rather scant. This study utilized a multiple case study approach to study real-life business and innovation ecosystems in an innovation policy context. Based on the case study findings and other empirical data, the key elements of ecosystem-based innovation policy were outlined. Business and innovation ecosystems are strongly selforganizing and the role of the public sector is to support their self-renewal capacity. Ecosystem-based policy approach consists of elements such as a testing and experimentation culture, funding through public procurement and the positive questioning of existing procedures, and it crosses the traditional policy boundaries. Adopting the ecosystem perspective in policy making requires interaction between different policy fields and levels.

The business ecosystem concept in innovation policy context: building a conceptual framework

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 2017

The aim of this conceptual paper is to explore the business ecosystem concept in innovation policy context, and question whether it has something new to bring to the innovation policy field compared to previous theoretical discussions. A comparative study was conducted where three widely utilized policy approaches were examined together with the business ecosystem concept. The ecosystem concept differs from the three approaches, for example in its evolving around innovation, and its self-organizing and self-renewing nature. This paper sets a conceptual basis for further empirical research concerning the innovation policy implications of the business ecosystem concept.

Innovation ecosystems: A critical examination

Technovation, 2016

Publications pushing the "innovation ecosystem" meme have added valuable dimensions to the economic development discussion. The phrase has captured the imagination of policy makers and has motivated public initiatives of substantial magnitude. This paper reviews the concept of innovation ecosystems as it is set forth in the academic and trade literature, and asks, "What is gained from adding 'eco-' to our treatment of national and regional innovation systems?" The answer is, "Very little, and the risks outweigh the benefits." Innovation ecosystem is not yet a clearly defined concept, much less a theory. Moreover, the idea carries pitfalls, notably its over-emphasis on market forces, and its flawed analogy to natural ecosystems. The prospect that the phrase "innovation ecosystem" is here to stay, in investment and economic development circles, implies a research gap, and indicates caution in using the phrase in rigorous research. The paper describes the gap, indicates directions for bridging it, and offers recommendations for prudent use of "ecosystem" terminology.

Understanding Innovation Ecosystems: A Biomimetic Approach

2019

This essay seeks in the original concepts of ecosystems derived from Biology, to expand the knowledge of the innovation ecosystems field, from Biomimetics. Using this approach, it was possible to offer a set of original findings and answer some criticisms in the management literature. Among the current criticisms is that there is no difference between the approach of innovation systems, for that we approach the origin of the term “eco” and learn that an innovation ecosystem is formed by agents and economic relations (biotic elements), as well as non-economic parts, such as technology, knowledge, laws, culture, etc. (abiotic elements). In other words, an innovation system deals only with the “biotic” part, while the study of ecosystems becomes more complex. Another current criticism refers to the limits of the phenomenon for management studies. From biomimetics, we learn that the limit of an ecosystem is given geographically (physical space) and must understand the identification of ...

Components of Innovation Ecosystems: A Cross-Country Study

International …, 2011

Recently, innovation ecosystems approach is an emerging approach because systems of innovation approach have not made a distinction between innovation events and innovation structure. An ecosystem is a biological term which refers an environment ...

Open Innovation logics impact on Bioindustries Business Ecosystem emergence

Biotechnology emerged in the 70s with the release of the DNA recombination techniques. What was initially a technological toolbox has fast given rise to a science. Its applications are now countless and affect many sectors of activities such as animal husbandry, , forensic sciences… This appliance expansion and diversification was enabled through the biotech toolbox evolution and adjustment to each specific industry. This industrial specialization explains how biotechnology became biotechnologies and why a typology 2 by color is now necessary to distinguish the main areas of its development. Today, biotechnologies mobilized in bio-industries require a diversity of knowledge and skills that one company can hardly control solely. Therefore, in this knowledge-intensive domain, breakthrough developments often involve a multidisciplinary approach which implies the combined intervention of several industrial sectors. To structure such collaborations between private companies and public organizations and/or between industries from different business domains, firms had to adapt their structural and organizational models. Among all the adopted models, the business ecosystem (BE) occupies a more and more central place (Moore, 1993, 1996) and the optimization of the associated innovation strategy has become a capital issue that even the national institutions try to manage by supporting the adoption of specific inter-organizational logics of innovation management. The main reason justifying this institutional commitment is explained by the growing importance of bio-industries development. Indeed, the opportunity to shift from the oil refining paradigm to a vegetal refining one (relying on extraction, purification and processing platforms molecules from agro dedicated resources or crops) now provides the technological means to implement a hitherto theoretical form of Economy: the Bio-Based Economy (Georgescu-Roegen, 1971). As the Bio-Based Economy constitutes currently the best opportunity to solve our global ecological issues, optimizing firms' efficiency to structure bio-industries BE become of capital importance. Despite the fact that practices and case studies show the implicit and explicit support of Open Innovation (OI) in BE's emergence (Loilier & Malherbe, 2012; Parisot, 2015), the fundamental nature of both these notions has long been debated and their theoretical combination and conceptual connectivity remain scholarly poorly understood (Parisot, 2013; Parisot, 2015). The improvement of our understanding of these notions is necessary to identify the business prerequisites and the specific stages of bio-industries BE emergence since " the close study of these sequences is the key to answering a number of difficult strategic questions. " (Moore, 1996, p.67). From James Moore's (1993, 1996) perspective, BE emergence implies a sequence of steps generating a cycle of successive co-evolutions between organizations collectively involved in a specific innovation project. During the first co-evolution cycle, pioneers, i.e. first partners involved, adjust together a first value proposition and determine a common economic model. If the reciprocal influence between pioneers, regarding the collective innovation goal, is carefully coordinated, their relationships will evolve from cooperation to collaboration to co-evolution. The latter distinguish itself through the level of structural, organizational and/or managerial adaptation in order to reach the ecosystemic goal and consequently through the ability of each pioneer to adjust these parameters to ensure the collective success in terms of innovation management. This collective learning period also committed customers. The emerging community exploits lead-users and early adopters to test the first version of the offer. Their feedbacks will be used to enrich and promote the collective innovation (Loilier & Malherbe, 2012). 1 Genetically Modified Food 2 White: industrial conversion processes; Red = health; Green: food; Blue: marine; Yellow: environment.

Unpacking the innovation ecosystem construct: Evolution, gaps and trends

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2016

The innovation ecosystem construct has emerged as a promising approach in the literature on strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship. It draws upon former business ecosystem literature. However, the term innovation ecosystem has been employed in very polysemic and sometimes competing ways. Many adjectives used with reference to innovation ecosystems render the consolidation of the construct more difficult-which its characteristics, boundaries and relation with other, to some extent competing, constructs, such as supply chain and value chain are. To clarify concepts, to identify trends and research opportunities, we conducted a systematic literature review from 1993 to 2016, with a hybrid methodology including bibliometric and content analysis. Besides highlighting the most influential papers and exhaustively discussing the innovation ecosystem concept and its variations, we identify a turning point in the literature, the transition from business ecosystem to innovation ecosystem. Business ecosystem relates mainly to value capture, while innovation ecosystem relates mainly to value creation. We conclude by describing six research streams in innovation ecosystem: industry platform × innovation ecosystem; innovation ecosystem strategy, strategic management, value creation and business model; innovation management; managing partners; the innovation ecosystem lifecycle; innovation ecosystem and new venture creation. These streams lead us to propose opportunities for further research to solidify the innovation ecosystem concept.

The structure of an innovation ecosystem: foundations for future research

Management Decision, 2020

Purpose-The concept of an innovation ecosystem, based on the idea of business ecosystem, has increasingly grown in the literature on strategy, innovation, and entrepreneurship. However, not all innovation ecosystems have the same architectural models or internal collaboration, and existing research rarely deconstructs an ecosystem of innovation and examines its structure. The objective of this article is to systematize the discussion about the structure of an innovation ecosystem and offer a foundation for future research. Design/methodology/approach-Using the Web of Science database as the source for the articles, this paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the structure of the innovation ecosystems. The period of analysis spanned from January 1993 to August 2019. Two methods, bibliometric analysis and content analysis, were used to structure the systematic review. Findings-The results of the content analysis showed that the main classifications related to the structure of an innovation ecosystem are the ecosystem life cycle (birth, expansion, leadership, and self-renewal), the classification according to the ecosystem level (macroscopic, medium, and microscopic), and the layered structure (core-periphery structure, triple-layer structure, triple-layer core-periphery structure, and framework 6C). The results also showed that studies in the field are concentrated around a small group of authors, and few studies have discussed the structure of an ecosystem. Research limitations/implications-This study includes only peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science database. Originality/value-This article contributes to innovation ecosystem theory by exploring the characteristics that influence ecosystem structure. In addition to the theoretical contribution, the triple-layer core-periphery framework and the 6C framework set a benchmark for future research on innovation ecosystems.

Innovation ecosystems: greater than the sum of their parts?

Living in the Internet of Things (IoT 2019)

Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Ecosystem-Centered business strategy

2009 3rd Ieee International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, 2009

Most governments, industries and institutions face an adaptive challenge to a changed context for strategy. The new operating environment is characterized by complexity, interactivity, and rapid evolution. It produces more challenges than any one person, business, or government can respond to effectively. This has two implications. The first is the importance of building collaboration that spans industry environments, spawns novel partnerships, and involves multiple stakeholders. The second is the importance of shaping developments proactively around a new theory for growth.