Institutionalizing Cooperation and Sustaining Collective Action: The Case of the Binulasan Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Association (original) (raw)
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Sustainable Development, 2010
Using a soft systems narrative, this paper examines the implementation process growing out of a policy environment intended to promote the rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems. The analysis is based on research conducted 2007–09 in the Mahakam Delta in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. The rich and diverse natural resource base of the area has turned East Kalimantan into one of the wealthiest areas in Indonesia. The case from Mahakam reveals that there is no stakeholder consensus in terms of problem definitions and management priorities of the coastal delta area. Further, there are no institutional bodies or ‘guardians’ responsible for monitoring and facilitating the long-term sustainability of mangrove systems. There are also significant power imbalances in the system, not only between stakeholders, but also between the discourses of conservation and production. In order to ensure the long-term, sustainable governance of mangrove systems, these institutional and geopolitical issues will need to be addressed and adapted accordingly. Through a structured systemic inquiry, this analysis has explored the problem situation related to the sustainability of mangrove systems for coastal environments and people. The research shows the complexity in managing dynamic coastal systems subjected to rapid human induced biophysical changes exacerbated by a non-conducive policy environment aggravating the impact on the ground.The absence of this guardian implies that feedback and institutional learning is not inherent, making constructive adaptation of governance and management arrangements in this context unlikely. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
2016
— Local participation, especially in natural resource management, has been promoted as a key strategy in the quest for sustainable development. Community-based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is an approach that has generally been promoted as an institution that genuinely includes and empowers ‘local people ' in natural resource use and management. This paper examines how local participation in conservation projects works in practice by drawing on concepts from institutional and actor-oriented theories and applying a case study approach to examine community-based mangrove management at Jozani-Pete, Zanzibar. Here CBNRM became embedded within a conservation agenda that resulted in conflict, resistance, frustration and uncertainty amongst community members. The paper offers insight into how exogenously initiated CBNRM projects have difficulty gaining traction unless they both address existing power relations and deliver on promises of material benefits. If they fail to do so ...
The Roles and Sustainability of Local Institutions of Mangrove Management in Pahawang Island
Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management), 2014
NGOs, universities, research institutions, and many others. Such collaboration can improve bargaining position of local institutions, so that finally can promote regency government policies which favoring more to local institutions. Mangrove management in a sustainable way by local institutions will help regency government in rural development.
Leverage factors of Local People Initiatives in Sustainable Mangrove Management
Ministry of Environment and Forestry Research Development and Innovation Agency "Promoting Sustainable Resources from PPROCEEDINGS OF IUFRO -INAFOR JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017, 2017
Improper mangrove forest management have induced the emergence of several negative impacts, such as deforestation, poverty and social economic discrepancy. To anticipate the situation, Government of Indonesia has been developing several efforts through the establishment of several conservation (preventive) and rehabilitation (curative) programs. However, the efforts have not provided satisfying results yet as most of the programs tended to use a top-down approach with one size fits all mechanism, while biophysical and social economic conditions vary widely. While, several evidences indicated that traditional forest management based on indigenous knowledge and wisdom attached to local people could persist under unfavourable social, economic and political circumstances. The paper tries to elaborate some success stories of local people initiatives in sustainable mangrove management in Pemalang, Kubu Raya and Sinjai, including their management, sustainability and impacts on community’s livelihood. The research was organised using a survey method and literature study involving 95 respondents selected purposively and was continued with series of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) during 2014 - 2015. The result shows that the success of community’s initiative in mangrove management came from their awareness on the importance of mangrove forest for their livelihoods and environment. Community begins to understand the importance of sustainable mangrove management when they could recognize several leverage factors such as potential benefit/loss, sense of crisis and sense of pride on the existence of surrounding mangrove forest. Recognition and knowledge about the leverage factors have been key factors of community’s willingness to be actively involved in sustainable mangrove management. For areas where community’s awareness about the importance of mangrove forest is still limited, awareness building campaign should be carried out at the first priority. Prior to a new program establishment, description about potential triggering factors that might incite community’s initiative should be diagnosed well.
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 967 (2022) 012053, 2022
The Tangerang's coastal area faces (1) decreasing environmental quality, and (2) poverty. The government developed Gerbang Mapan Program, an integrated coastal management (ICM) program designed to accelerate the recovery of coastal ecosystems and community development. To encourage the acceleration of the program, the government invites various parties (multistakeholders) to be involved in the program. This study aims to explore the processes of involving multistakeholders in the success of the mangrove rehabilitation, which has now succeeded transforms from damage to be good and have even become centers of community socioeconomic activities. The method is an explorative method with a coevolutive dynamic historical process approach from 2014 to 2020. The involvement of various parties i.e local government agencies/institutions in Tangerang Regency, the private sector, TNI/Polri, schools, universities, and coastal community groups in mangrove rehabilitation programs and awareness campaigns and public education have encouraged the acceleration of mangrove rehabilitation, where by 2020, rehabilitation has been carried out with planted 720,000 mangrove trees, with six species (Rhizophora sp, Avicennia sp, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnoriza, Ceriop tagal and Sonneratia alba), where the survival rate reached 69.22%, with the most adaptive type Avicennia sp planted in Tangerang Regency with a survival rate of 90.71%.
Environmental Science & Policy, 2020
Participatory forestry needs to revisit the notion of what "participation" means rather than uncritically follow the technobureaucratic guidelines of baseline assessment and monitoring. In this study, we are concerned about materialism and idealism in the policy and practice of participatory mangrove rehabilitation in the Philippines. The analysis is based on the review of mangrove policies and a case study of a successful project, the Katunggan Ecopark. Empowerment does not necessarily follow a bottom-up strategy, but is given as an impetus by the traditional authority after capitalizing on the rhetoric of participation and limiting the decision-making power of the members of the community during the incipient stages of the project. This has put the local communities to work despite having anxieties over the project's positive promises. Social cohesion, a volunteer network, and the community's sense of ownership of the success of the project that was not previously felt before, can be gained through evidence from the material success of rehabilitation. With the transformation of the denuded area to a mangrove forest, power was decentralized from the local government authority to the people's organization. Recognizing the difference between the materialist and idealist perspectives and learning to negotiate between the two can significantly inform pragmatic approaches to environmental policy and governance. More studies that reflect on the inconsistencies and biases of the materialist-idealist divide in both policy and practice should be done to further our understanding of a dynamic, flexible, and transformative participatory process. addresses the ostensive practices of action research involving communities that are often marginalized.
Theorists of Common Pool Resources (CPR) management suggest that distribution and devolution of power can localize consequential decisions over natural resources. The Government of Indonesia has encouraged the collective management of natural resources through self-governed local communes. It has also argued for consensual decision making over the use, allocation and distribution of natural resources at the village, district and regency level. Devolution has not, however, given most people access to strategic and structural power to decide on natural resource governance. Two cases in South Sulawesi are discussed. In the case of the hunting of Sinjai's bats, devolution for collective governance was marked by contention, unfettered competition, and resource overutilization. Management of Sinjai's coastal mangroves, however, suggests that social institutions can stimulate social sensibility, encourage attachment to the natural landscape, and instigate collective responsibilities. Community members acted in a way that benefited the overall good, avowing individual rights. Barriers and enablers to sustainable natural resource governance emerged from the local context in each case, including assertion of private ownership of mangrove plots; they did not emerge as a consequence of distribution and devolution of power alone, as CPR theory suggests. Les théoriciens de "Common Pool Resources" (CPR) suggèrent que la distribution et la dévolution du pouvoir peut localiser la prise de decisions sur les ressources naturelles. Le gouvernement de l'Indonésie a encouragé la gestion collective des ressources naturelles par les communes locales. Il a également plaidé pour des décisions consensuelles sur l'utilisation, la répartition et la distribution des ressources naturelles au village, de district et au niveau régence. La dévolution n'a pas, toutefois, étant donné la plupart des gens l'accès à pouvoir stratégique et structurel pour prendre leurs propres décisions. Deux études de cas dans le sud de Sulawesi sont discutés. Dans le cas de la chasse des chauves-souris de Sinjai, la dévolution de la gouvernance collective a été marquée par les conflits, et la surexploitation des ressources. La gestion des mangroves côtières, cependant, suggère que les institutions sociales peuvent stimuler la sensibilité sociale, d'encourager l'attachement au paysage naturel, et d'engager les responsabilités collectives. La communautaires ont agi d'une manière qui a bénéficié le groupe, avouant les droits individuels. Les obstacles et les facilitateurs à la gouvernance durable des ressources naturelles a émergé à partir du contexte local dans chaque cas, y compris l'affirmation de la propriété privée des parcelles de mangrove. Ils n'ont pas émergé comme une conséquence de la distribution et la dévolution de pouvoir à lui seul, que suggère la théorie CPR. Los teóricos de la gestión de "recursos de acervo común" [Common Pool Resource, CPR)] sugieren que la distribución y devolución de poder puede localizar decisiones trascendentales acerca de recursos naturales. El gobierno de Indonesia ha alentado la gestión colectiva de recursos naturales a través de comunas locales autogobernadas. También ha apoyado las decisiones tomadas por consenso respecto al uso, reparto y distribución de recursos naturales en los niveles de pueblo, distrito y comarca. La devolución, sin embargo, no ha dado a la mayoría de la población acceso a poder estratégico y estructural para decidir sobre la gobernanza de recursos naturales. Se discuten dos casos en Sulawesi. En el caso de la caza de murciélagos Sinjai, la devolución de la gobernanza colectiva quedó marcada por las diferencias, la competencia incontenida y la sobreutilización. La gerencia de los manglares de las costas de Sinjai, no obstante, sugiere que las instituciones sociales pueden estimular la sensibilidad social, fomentar la relación con el medio natural e instigar responsabilidades colectivas. Los miembros de la comunidad actuaron de tal manera que benefició al bien común, respetando los derechos individuales. Los factores que dificultaban y posibilitaban la gobernanza sostenible de recursos naturales emergieron en ambos casos del contexto local, incluyendo la afirmación de la propiedad privada de los lotes de manglares; no emergieron como consecuencia de la distribución y la devolución del poder en sí, como la teoría CPR sugiere.
Journal of Environmental Management, 2017
Community-Based Mangrove Management (CBMM) is implemented with different approaches and outcomes. This study examined the effectiveness of various CBMM practices to achieve sustainable management of mangrove resources. We analyzed local mangrove resource management strategies in four coastal villages (e.g. Sriwulan, Bedono, Timbulsloko, and Surodadi) on Central Java, Indonesia. Local data on institutions, socioeconomic conditions and mangrove resources utilization was collected through participatory resource mapping and interviews with 16 key actors and 500 households. The main differences in CBMM-practices that affect the outcomes in each village were the type of community participation, the level of organizational and economic assistance from external institutions, the magnitude of the rehabilitation project, the time selected for rehabilitation and the maintenance strategies applied in each village. Surodadi achieved most in terms of both efficient resource utilization and local livelihood improvement. Bedono's management strategy was most effective in extending and maintaining the rehabilitated mangrove areas but less in terms of livelihood support while the strategy applied in Timbulsloko resulted in higher resource utilization compared to Surodadi. Sriwulan failed on most criteria. This study suggests that combining the management strategies practiced in Bedono and Surodadi and adding external scientific and technological assistance, income diversification, institutional reinforcement and continuous monitoring of the functioning of local institutions can improve the CBMM performance to sustainably manage mangrove resources and improve livelihoods.
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2017
While there is considerable literature on coastal adaptation, there is less scholarly attention for how social capital, interactive governance, and ecosystem-based approaches can be combined to promote inclusive development. Hence, this paper examines contemporary efforts to protect coasts in Demak, northern Java, Indonesia, which are threatened by coastal erosion induced flooding, through large-scale planting of mangroves. We argue that the success of such ecosystem-based approaches depends on widespread civil society participation. Our analysis of the structure of bonding, bridging and linking capital in Demak reveals that although some local groups may lack bonding and bridging capital, their ability to acquire linking capital enables them to monopolise resources from the state and international NGOs for mangrove plantings; this negatively effects the cohesion of the coastal protection program and therefore its effectiveness and inclusiveness as mangrove groups protect their own areas. The paper shows that an understanding of the social capital of different local groups can enable a better understanding of how to engage them in ecosystem based governance.