Physical and mechanical properties of hybrid montmorillonite/zinc oxide reinforced carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites (original) (raw)
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Polymers
The current research work presented the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose–gelatin (CMC/GEL) blend and CMC/GEL/ZnO-Nps hydrogel films which were characterized by FT-IR and XRD, and applied to antibacterial and antioxidant activities for food preservation as well as for biomedical applications. ZnO-Nps were incorporated into the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gelatin (GEL) film-forming solution by solution casting followed by sonication. Homogenous mixing of ZnO-Nps with CMC/GEL blend improved thermal stability, mechanical properties, and moisture content of the neat CMC/GEL films. Further, a significant improvement was observed in the antibacterial activity and antioxidant properties of CMC/GEL/ZnO films against two food pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Overall, CMC/GEL/ZnO films are eco-friendly and can be applied in sustainable food packaging materials.
Journal of Polymers and The Environment, 2020
The food packaging materials from natural polymers including polysaccharides offer an ecologically important alternative to commonly used synthetic, non-biodegradable counterparts. The purpose of this work was to modify of bacterial cellulose (BC) leading to the improvement of its functional properties in terms of use as a food packaging material. Effects of disintegration of BC and addition of montmorillonite (MMT) on its water barrier, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. Disintegration of BC increased its water vapour permeability (WVP) and thermal stability, but decreased its tensile strength (σ). These changes were closely related to the rearrangement of hydrogen-bond network in the BC structure, resulting in a partial conversion from the I α to I β allomorph. The addition of 2% of MMT did not affect WVP and σ of the disintegrated BC (bBC), while the plasticization of the modified bBC generally decreased WVP, and did not increase σ. The improvement in water barrier properties of bBC modified by adding 2% of MMT in the presence of glycerol was caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the components of the composite. The results presented show the potential usefulness of BC modified by disintegration and adding 2% of MMT and 10-15% of glycerol as a food packaging material.
Agronomy
Food packaging is often made from plastic, which is usually obtained from non-renewable resources. The development of new technologies, like biocomposite films, has been driven in response to environmental concerns as well as consumer demands for eco-friendly, high-quality products derived from nature. Biocomposite films were prepared by incorporating taro mucilage, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), ZnO, glycerol, and black cumin seed (BCS) oil. The SEM results showed that the biocomposite films containing taro mucilage (TM), ZnO, and BCS oil had noticeably smoother surfaces. The FTIR analysis indicated the existence of a -OH group, N-H bond, alkaline group, C-C, C=N, C-H, C-O-H, and C-O-C bond formation, confirming the interaction of CMC, glycerol, BCS oil, ZnO nanoparticles, and TM. The results of TGA and DSC analysis suggest that incorporating ZnO nanoparticles, BCS oil, and TM into the CMC polymer matrix increased thermal stability. The addition of TM significantly increased water ...
International Journal of Food Engineering, 2013
A novel glycerol-plasticized and citric acid (CA)-modified starch/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/montmorillonite (MMT) bionanocomposite films were prepared from corn starch by casting, to study the effect of the 10% CA, 10% CMC and four different loadings of MMT on the properties of starch films. Atomic force microscopy surface analysis showed that starch/CMC/MMT films had the highest roughness. X-ray diffraction test showed that the clay nanolayers formed an intercalated structure in the bionanocomposites. However, completely exfoliated structure formed only in the pure starch/MMT nanocomposites (without CA and CMC). CA, CMC and MMT improved mechanical properties of starch films. MMT had the greatest effect on the mechanical properties. The MMT addition at content of 7% caused to increase in ultimate tensile strength by more than threefold in comparison to modified starch/CMC films. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by the addition of CA and CM...
nanomaterials, 2021
Here, we report the fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based nanocomposite films reinforced with zinc oxide nanorods (ZnOs) and grapefruit seed extract (GSE). The CNF is isolated via a combination of chemical and physical methods, and the ZnO is prepared using a simple precipitation method. The ZnO and GSE are used as functional nanofillers to produce a CNF/ZnO/GSE film. Physical (morphology, chemical interactions, optical, mechanical, thermal stability, etc.) and functional (antimicrobial and antioxidant activities) film properties are tested. The incorporation of ZnO and GSE does not impact the crystalline structure, mechanical properties, or thermal stability of the CNF film. Nanocomposite films are highly transparent with improved ultraviolet blocking and vapor barrier properties. Moreover, the films exhibit effective antimicrobial and antioxidant actions. CNF/ZnO/GSE nanocomposite films with better quality and superior functional properties have many possibilities for active food packaging use
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Properties for Food Packaging
Packaging Technology and Science, 2012
The cellulose acetate butyrate/modified motmorillonite (Cloisite20A and Cloisite30B) nanocomposites were prepared by two different solvent casting methods. All antimicrobial nanofillers were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and antimicrobial components (carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) included in the nanofillers were determined by gas and HPLC chromatography. These analyses confirmed the inclusion of antimicrobial agents in organoclay. The nanocomposite films were characterized by XRD, TGA, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Oxygen and Water Vapor Permeability, mechanical properties and antimicrobial behavior against E coli, L.innocua, S. cerevisiae. All films presented a reduction of at least 2.0 log cfu/mL when applied film nanocomposites procedure in which antimicrobial components are included in the last stage of the process and they are not previously included in the organoclay.
Journal of Composites Science
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used in packaging applications due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, this non-toxic synthetic material belonging to a highly hydrophilic polymer has poor resistance to wet environments, no antibacterial activity, and low tensile and thermal properties. This study aims to prepare and characterize a PVA-based biocomposite film mixed with antimicrobial white ginger nanocellulose (GCNF) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The film was processed using GCNF (0.1 g) or/and ZnO nanoparticles (0.5 g). The results confirm that the GCNF/ZnO/PVA-based film presents the strongest antimicrobial activity and the highest thermal resistance. This film also had the best value in tensile strength (19.7 MPa) and modulus (253.1 MPa); 63.9% and 117.9%, respectively higher than purce PVA. Its elongation at break was 56.6%, not statistically significantly different from the pure PVA film. Thus, this PVA-based hybrid biocomposite film reinforced by GCNF ...
Nanomaterials
The global turn from the linear to the circular economy imposes changes in common activities such as food packaging. The use of biodegradable materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, natural raw materials such as clays, and food byproducts such as chitosan to develop novel food packaging films attracts the interest of industrial and institutional research centers. In this study, novel hybrid nanostructures were synthesized via the growth of zinc oxide nanorods on the surface of two nanoclays. The obtained nanostructures were incorporated with chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite either as nanoreinforcement or as an active agent to develop packaging films. The developed films were characterized via XRD, FTIR, mechanical, water-vapor diffusion, water sorption, and oxygen permeability measurements. Antimicrobial activity measurements were carried out against four different pathogen microorganisms. XRD indicated the formation of an intercalated nanocomposite structure for both types of nano...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019
Nano-biocomposite films based on plasticized cellulose acetate/triethyl citrate (CA/TEC) were prepared with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/gelatin-modified montmorillonite nanofiller (AgM) and thymol (Th). AgNPs were biosynthesized in situ the clay using Curcuma longa (C. longa) tuber extract. Full characterization of clay and the formulated films was conducted including morphological, physical and functional properties. From the results, the AgNPs showed spherical shape, face centred cubic crystalline structure, and small average size with narrow distribution. Intercalated structure of films was achieved with some exfoliated platelets and clay aggregates. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of CA increased slightly by the added clay but decreased by Th due to its plasticizing effect. Also, the thermal stability of CA was enhanced only by the added clay. Increasing contents of both additives into films declined the optical clarity but enhanced greatly the UV barrier ability. The clay improved the tensile and oxygen barrier properties, while the Th initiated an antagonist effect. Besides, the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests highlighted antioxidant activities of Th-included films. The films showed antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi, where Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) was the most sensitive, with an efficient growth inhibition in vapour-phase method. These materials with antimicrobial/antioxidant properties are promising active packaging.