Recycling of industrial waste and its impact on the environmental quality costs (original) (raw)
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The economics of recovery of materials from industrial waste — A case study
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Millions of pounds worth of vaIuaMe materials are discarded every year in industrial wastes. While there are well established recycling patterns for some materials, most are lost because contamination, dilution, or scale of operation makes recovery uneconamioal. The pm&ems and possibilities of recovering vaiuable mate&& from liquid and liquidsolid indu&riai w&es are outiined by reference to evaluations made in several case studies. In particular, an examination is made of wastes removed by R West MkHanda dii contractor over a twelve month period. The ways in which these wastes am deaIt with at present by surface and subsurface disposai are discussed along with the haxards and safety factors inherent in such operations. The examination shows that in the wastes disposed of the most potentially valuable materials to recover were hydrochloric raid and zinc. The relationship between recovery and dumping is discussed and future trends suggested. This shows that recovery of more materinls shouid be undertaken, perhaps as a govern-mentaI services and that the advantages of economy of seaie must be utilised, by combining wastes from several sources. This practice of dumping can produce potential pollution circumstances for large tracts of ground. Dumping is not only potentially hazardous but is wasteful of the valuable materials in the effluents, in that it makes it uneconomic or even impossible to recover them due to dilution and treatment difficulties. Many so called "safe" disposal sites are wasted by indiscriminate dumping as they could be put to better use by restricting their use to intractable wastes, such as the arsenical compounds. Selection of surface and subsurface disposal sites of necessity requires careful consideration of the hydrogeological conditions present in the area and stringent controls must be exercised. Similarly, whenever a site is considered as a surface disposal facility risks of pollution in both the long and the short term must be assessed. Monitoring controls must be developed in order to detect and assess movements of the effluents in the subsurface so that environmental pollution risks are minimised and potable water sources (present and future) are protected [ 21.
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Incessant generation and mismanagement of industrial waste, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation have created non-sustainability in human life. Though industrial wastes are hazardous or non-hazardous in nature based on their source, open dumping disposal is commonly done for both types of waste. The adversity associated with waste enhances the environmental and health impacts. However, this waste has the potential to recycle and minimize resource scarcity. The circular economy works on the concept of reuse, recycling, and recovery to convert waste into a resource. Thus, industrial waste can benefit the environment and economic growth to build industrial ecology. However, the opportunities and challenges associated with industrial ecology for the reuse and recycling of waste have to be identified and preserved. Therefore, this study has identified challenges associated with waste, analyzed their impact, and industrial regulations, prioritized their criticality, and develo...
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The paper aims to disseminate to the scientific community, decision makers and stakeholders the revised national waste management plan (NWMP) that is under adoption in Greece, highlighting key aspects in regards to Greece's strategy, goals, and foreseen actions on industrial waste management till 2020. In Greece, there is a considerable potential for improving industrial waste management to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment. On the other hand, Greek industry can deliver the objective for a resource efficient and green economy, contributing thus to the implementation of national waste agenda and reducing costs for industry in the longer term. Taking into account existing knowledge and progress made in Greece, the revised NWMP builds upon the recourse efficiency flagship initiative in the Europe 2020 Strategy, the Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe and the 7 th Environment Action Programme to 2020. Major interventions focus on improvements in industrial waste data collection system and monitoring mechanism, synergies and actions for maximising recycling and recovery options, and the establishment of adequate network of industrial waste disposal installations, including investigation and compliance procedures for stored industrial waste.
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As world society grows exponentially more and more wastes, have been created. Each year European Union throws away 3 billion tons of waste, and some 90 million tons of that are hazardous. It is clear that treating and disposing of all this material -without harming the environment -becomes a major trouble. In the early 90s, the amount of waste generated in Europe increased by 10%. Most of that was thrown away in incinerators, or dumped into landfill creating environmental damage. Landfill disposal not only takes valuable land space but also causes air, water and soil pollution, discharging carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) into the atmosphere and chemicals and pesticides into the earth and groundwater. This situation is harmful to human health as well as to plants and animals. These events triggered urgency for a responsibility and appropriate legislation for correct waste management. EU and Portuguese policy main objectives in the waste management is to prevent and reduce waste production, and reduce their toxicity, through reuse and modification of production processes, adopting cleaner technologies. Waste management must also avoid or at least reduce its risk to human health and to environment. In Portugal, wastes sector was suffered a revolution on the last years, due to the appearance of the Strategic Plan for Solid Waste I (PERSU I) in 1997 and by the constant pressure from the EU for their state members and waste producers. In December 2006 it was created the PERSU II to correct all mistakes made in the previous plan. However soon realized that PERSU II had very ambitious goals and so unattainable that triggered the need to reformulate these objectives. The aim of this overview in waste management was to follow the goals outlined in PERSU II, identifying the progress of each operational system over the years. It was also a target to compare those results to European statistics tracing possible ways to permit compliance with EU objectives in future.
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The review focused on the management of industrial and communal wastes. Industrial and communal waste management practices are not uniform among countries; urban and rural areas, residential, and industrial sectors, all take different approaches. Industrial wastes can be classified on basis of their characteristics; Waste in dissolved and pollutant is in liquid form, e.g. dairy industry; Waste in solid form, but a number of pollutants within are in the liquid or fluid form, e.g. washing of minerals or crockery industry or coal. Industrial waste is produced as a result of industrial activities, including materials rendered useless during manufacturing process such as that of food and chemical industries, mills, factories, and mining operations. Dirt and gravel, concrete and masonry, solvents, chemicals, scrap lumber, scrap metal, oil, etc. are types of industrial waste. Industrial or community waste may be liquid, solid, or gaseous. It may be absolutely hazardous, mirror entry, or non-hazardous waste. Hazardous waste can be toxic, ignitable, corrosive, radioactive, or reactive. Industrial waste may pollute the soil, the air, or nearby water bodies, ending up in the sea. Waste management is important component in a business' ability to maintain the ISO14001 accreditation. The ISO14001 standard encourages companies to ensure green environment and improve their environmental efficiencies every year by eliminating waste through the resource recovery practices. The principles of waste management puts some factors into consideration such as waste hierarchy, life-cycle of a product, resource efficiency, and polluter-pays principle. Common waste disposal and management methods include incineration, landfill, recycling, re-use, pyrolysis, resource recovery, composting, among others. An important method of waste management in industries and communities is the prevention of waste materials being created, better known as waste reduction. The waste management industry has adopted new technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, GPS, etc., which enable the collection of better quality data without the using estimation or manual data entry.
Waste Management and Environmental Management Systems: A Survey of an Italian Manufacturing Context
dimgruppi.ing.unibs.it
Many authors have analysed the environmental aspects and impacts of business activities and the benefits that an environmental management system (EMS) may bring to a company. The aim of this paper is to confirm some of the findings already emerged and to deepen the analysis. The first objective is to investigate practices and customs in waste management by firms, in particular of waste oils, in an Italian manufacturing context. The second objective is to discover associations between the presence of an EMS and the improving of regulatory compliance in waste administration. A questionnaire was addressed to 448 firms producing used oil as a waste and a response rate of 37% was achieved. A statistically significant association between the presence of an EMS and an improved administration of waste was found; in particular, the effectiveness of education and training to help employees make fewer mistakes in waste management emerged.