Investigating Relationships Between Pain, Comfort, Anxiety and Depression in Surgical Patients (original) (raw)
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Patient Preference and Adherence, 2017
Background: Preoperative anxiety and stress are undoubtedly a difficult experience in patients undergoing elective surgery. These unpleasant sensations depend on several factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preoperative anxiety levels in a sample of Turkish population, as well as the underlying causes using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI anxiety) scale. Methods: The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethical committee. All participants gave written informed consent upon having received detailed information on the study. Upon entry in the study, state and trait anxiety questionnaires were completed by 186 patients scheduled for elective surgery. The influencing factors in regard to age, sex, educational status and others were also reported. Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between state and trait anxiety scores in this Turkish population. While the most important predictive factors that affected state-STAI scores were age, sex and duration of sleep the night before surgery; educational status and age were the best predictors for determining the variation in trait-STAI scores. Conclusion: The factors affecting anxiety levels in different populations might vary among different countries. Interestingly, in this sample of Turkish population, the trait anxiety levels were found to be higher from state-anxiety levels, especially in women and less educated people. Thus, doubts about operation and anesthesia are overlooked. This could be attributed to the low to intermediate life standards of people admitted to our hospital.
2018
Introduction: Preoperative anxiety frequently encountered in patients before surgery, contributes and/or predisposes to different undesirable effects in the postoperative period of these patients, highlighting postoperative pain although a close relationship has not been established yet. There are a large number of validated scales that help to assess the degree of anxiety and pain that each patient will experience during their surgical procedure Objective: To determine the degree of correlation between preoperative anxiety and the level of postoperative pain in patients under elective surgery. Material and methods: Correlation study carried out in HGR No.1 IMSS Obregón, Sonora from January 2016 to May 2106, in patients electively programmed for orthopedic and orthopedic surgery. Measuring level of anxiety with Amsterdam scale and postoperative pain with visual analogue scale. Results: There is a positive relationship between the perceived pain of patients with respect to the preoperative anxiety suffered Conclusion: Preoperative anxiety is directly linked to the postoperative pain of the patient undergoing elective traumatology surgery.
Pain and anxiety amongst a surgical population
2018
The purpose of this quantitative research study was to evaluate a holistic perioperative medicine program that used non-pharmacological strategies to help patients manage pain and anxiety related to surgery. The research occurred in two phases. Phase one occurred before surgery and examined the effects of a one-hour holistic healing therapies (HT) session on anxiety and pain pre-post session (n=111). HT session modalities included guided imagery, eye pillow, aromatherapy, and a written personal healing plan. As predicted, patients significantly reduced anxiety and pain after the HT session. Phase two occurred after surgery, wherein patients (n=72) rated their satisfaction with how well the HT program addressed their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. In addition, they reported how often they used HT components before, during, and after surgery. Most patients rated the program favorably. The majority of patients reported using program components to prepare for surgery, and man...
Postoperative pain is an acute pain triggered by nociceptive stimuli. It is more often of short duration and does not endure beyond 3 or 4 days in most cases. Though of less complex and polymorphic expression than chronic pain, postoperative pain is a multidimensional phenomenon which is the result of numerous biochemical, physiological and psychological mechanisms. Surgical procedure and anaesthesia evidently are determining prime factors of postoperative pain's intensity and evolution. However, patients' postoperative pain experience and analgesic requirements vary following identical surgery and anaesthetic technic (between 5 and 20% of patients do not express any pain; 30% endure moderate pain when the prevalence of postoperative pain of important to severe intensity seems to be around 50%). As research has demonstrated, it appears that various aspects of anxiety and fear, neuroticism, extroversion and extroverted hostility, perceived self-control of pain, the strategies patients preferently adopt in such a threatening situation, etc. tend to modify postoperative pain responses.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2019
The primary responsibility of the health care providers is to assess and educate the patient during perioperative phases, to minimize the dangers during the surgery. Anxiety and pain are subjective experiences of surgical patients. Hospitalization provokes anxiety in the patient admitted for surgery, even in the absence of disease. In Nigeria, 95% of surgical patients were reported to have experienced postoperative pain of various degrees. Pain is unique to every patient as it is first of all a subjective experience. This study described patients self-reporting assessment of pain and anxiety among surgical patients in ObafemiAwolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Two-group pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental study was adopted and thirty surgical patients were included. Sample size was determined using Leslie Kish formula and purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 15 surgical patients into the experimental and control groups respectively. Data was processed using statistical package for social science version 21. One research question was answered using descriptive statistics of percentages. This study showed that majority of the surgical patients in the experimental group (100%) and control (87%) reported that nurses did not assess their levels of anxiety state with any self-reporting standard tool before surgery, neither was it done post-operatively by the response of 93% of patients in the experimental group and 100% of the control group. There were nearly similar responses of the surgical patients in the assessment of pain intensity, as 93% of the experimental group before surgery and 100% of control group after surgery reported that nurses did not use the standardized patient?s self-reporting tool. Nurses should adopt the use of self-reporting of pain and anxiety levels by individual surgical patient during their phases of care for effective management of anxiety states and postoperative pain.
Patient experiences of anxiety, depression and acute pain after surgery: a longitudinal perspective
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2005
This study sought to explore the impact of psychological variables anxiety and depression on pain experience over time following surgery. Eighty-five women having major gynaecological surgery were assessed for anxiety, depression and pain after surgery. To gain further understanding, 37 patients participated in a semi-structured taped telephone interview 4-6 weeks post-operatively. Pre-operative anxiety was found to be predictive of post-operative anxiety on Day 2, with patients who experienced high levels of anxiety before surgery continuing to feel anxious afterwards. By Day 4 both anxiety and depression scores increased as pain increased and a third of the sample experienced levels of anxiety in psychiatric proportions whilst under a third experienced similar levels of depression. These findings have significant implications for the provision of acute pain management after surgery. Future research and those managing acute pain services need to consider the multidimensional effect of acute pain and the interface between primary and secondary care.
Factors Affecting the Anxiety Level of Pre-Surgical Patients in Hospital
Jurnal Riset Kesehatan, 2023
A surgical procedure may induce psychological reactions in patients, including pre-surgical anxiety. Pre-surgical anxiety can influence the surgical process and patients' health status after the surgery. Mild, moderate, and severe anxiety are some of the psychological responses to surgical procedures. Patients' anxiety before surgery is affected by internal and external factors. 30 respondents had the most anxiety levels of moderate preoperative patients, with 12 respondents (40%) and 18 respondents (60%) having surgical with mild preoperative anxiety levels. There were 25 respondents with less knowledge. There were 16 respondents (64%) with mild anxiety levels and 9 (36%) with moderate anxiety levels. 55 respondents with high family support, there were 48 respondents (87.3%) with moderate anxiety levels, there were 5 respondents (7.4%) with severe anxiety levels and 2 respondents (3.6%) with mild anxiety levels. The exact cause of anxiety is unknown, but it is thought to factor in experience, knowledge, and family support or RSUD Arifin Achmad, Riau Province. The study aims to describe factors that influence anxiety in patients' pre-operation. The research instrument was a questionnaire through validity and reliability tests. Univariate and bivariate analyses were applied. The research instrument was a questionnaire through validity and reliability tests. The research showed no significant correlations between experiences, knowledge, and family support with the patients' anxiety (p-value>0.05). It was suggested that the hospital should concern with factors correlated with pre-surgical patients' anxiety and increase the quality of nursing care.
Validation of the Turkish Version of the Brief Pain Inventory in Surgery Patients
Pain Management Nursing, 2009
The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a comprehensive instrument for pain assessment and has been validated in several languages. A validated Turkish version has not been available until now. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the BPI for assessing pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery in Turkey. The sample consisted of 178 patients who underwent abdominal surgery in general surgery and in obstetrics and gynecology clinics of a university hospital in Zmir, Turkey. A demographic questionnaire and the BPI were used to collect data. The content validity was tested by requesting opinions of experts. The structure validity of the scale was evaluated with factor analyses and reliability of the scale with Cronbach alpha and with item-to-total correlations. Two factors with an eigenvalue greater than one were extracted, supporting the validity of two-factor structure of the original BPI. Factor loads of these two factors ranged from 0.55 to 0.91. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was 0.79 for the severity scale and 0.80 for the interference scale. The item-to-total correlations of the scale ranged between 0.42 and 0.69. The Turkish version of the BPI (BPI-Tr) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing postsurgical pain severity and its interference. The BPI-Tr will be useful for clinical assessment of postsurgical pain in Turkey.
Pain experience and satisfaction with postoperative pain control among surgical patients
Pain experience and satisfaction with postoperative pain control among surgical patients Alleviating acute pain and providing pain relief are central to caring for surgical patients as pain can lead to many adverse medical consequences. This study aimed to explore patients' experience of pain and satisfaction with postoperative pain control. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 107 respondents who had undergone abdominal surgery in the surgical ward of an urban hospital using the Revised American Pain Society's Patient Outcome and Satisfaction Survey Questionnaires (APS-POQ-R). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Chi-square test showed significant association between race (P = 0.038), education level (P ≤ 0.001), previous operation status (P = 0.032) and operation status (P ≤ 0.001). Further analysis on nominal regression, association between dissatisfaction with factors of operation status (46.09 (95% CI 7.456, 284.947)) and previous operation status (13.38 (95% CI 1.39, 128.74)) was found to be significant. Moderate to high levels of pain intensity in the last 24 h after surgery, as well as moderate to high rates of pain-related interference with care activities were most reported. Pain still remains an issue among surgical patients, and effective pain management and health education are needed to manage pain more effectively after surgery.
Effect of Relaxation Exercises on Controlling Postoperative Pain
Pain Management Nursing
This study examines the effect of relaxation exercises on controlling postoperative pain in patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery. This is a cross-sectional and crossover study conducted on 60 patients who underwent upper abdominal surgery between October 2006 and June 2007, in the General Surgery Department, Health and Research Practice Center, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. We assessed the patients’ pain levels before and after the relaxation exercises. Patients’ personal information forms were used to collect data, and pain levels were determined using the verbal pain scale. We used the Wilcoxon T test, nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis, and nominal by interval eta analysis to assess the data, percentage, and frequency analyses. Pain levels were found to be reduced after the relaxation exercises compared with the levels before the relaxation exercises (z = −5.497; p < .001). Relaxation exercises, a nonpharmacologic method, are effective in reducing postoperative pain and should therefore be included in a regimen to control postoperative pain in patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery.