Chitosan-Gelatin Films Cross-Linked with Dialdehyde Cellulose Nanocrystals as Potential Materials for Wound Dressings (original) (raw)
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2021
Biomaterial-based wound dressings were fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as nano-filler in a polymeric mixture of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and gum tragacanth (GT) via solution casting. Physical and chemical characteristics of neat PVA, PVA/GT and PVA/GT/CNC films with varying concentrations (2 to 10%) of CNCs were observed. Initial analysis of CNCs showed nanosized particles of 104 nm length and 7 nm width. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated cluster formations of CNCs in the polymer matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to confirm the chemical functional groups in the material. The presence of GT and CNCs in the polymer matrix improved water uptake and prolonged stability for 7 days. The CNCs enhanced tensile strength from 54.63 MPa to 80.39MPa. Biological properties of PVA/GT/CNC films were analyzed. Results showed that the dressing material was nontoxic to mouse fibroblast cells L929, while film loaded with betel leaf extract exh...
Microfibrillated cellulose films containing chitosan and tannic acid for wound healing applications
2021
The effectiveness of tannic acid as antimicrobial and wound healing for burns have been shown for a century; however, uncontrolled target dosage may result in undesirable side-effects. Remarkably, tannic acid polyphenols compounds crosslinked with polymeric materials produce a strong composite containing the beneficial properties of this tannin. However, investigation of the crosslink structure and its antibacterial and regenerative properties are still unknown when using nanocellulose by mechanical defibrillation; additionally, due to the potential crosslink structure with chitosan, its structure can be complex. Therefore, this work uses bleach kraft nanocellulose in order to investigate the effect on the physical and regenerative properties when incorporated with chitosan and tannic acid. This film results in increased rigidity with a lamellar structure when incorporated with tannic acid due to its strong hydrogen bonding. The release of tannic acid varied depending on the structu...
Biomolecules, 2020
Bacterial cellulose (BC), chitosan (Chi), and collagen (Col) are known as biopolymers which have met some properties that are required as wound dressing. This study focused on investigating the fabrication of BC-based wound dressing with chitosan and collagen, since chitosan has red blood cells binding and anti-bacterial properties, while collagen can support cell and tissue growth for skin wounds. The BC-based wound dressing was prepared by impregnating BC fibers in the chitosan and/or collagen solution for 24 h. FTIR was used to confirm the intermolecular interaction of amine and hydroxyl group of chitosan and/or collagen in BC-based wound dressing. Furthermore, the XRD diffractogram of the wound dressing show broader peaks at 14.2°, 16.6°, and 22.4° due to the presence of chitosan and collagen molecules in BC fibers. These results were then supported by SEM images which confirmed that chitosan and collagen were well penetrated into BC fibers. TGA curves revealed that BC/Chi/Col h...
2016
Chitosan/bacterial cellulose composite films containing diamond nanoparticles (NDs) with potential application as wound dressing are introduced. Microstructural studies show that NDs are uniformly dispersed in the matrix, although slight agglomeration at concentrations above 2 wt % is seen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals formation of hydrogen bonds between NDs and the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced crystallinity of the polymer matrix in the presence of NDs. Approximately 3.5-fold increase in the elastic modulus of the composite film is obtained by the addition of 2 wt % NDs. The results of colorimetric analysis show that the composite films are transparent but turn to gray-like and semitransparent at high ND concentrations. Additionally, a decrease in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) Materials 2015, 8 6402 and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap is also seen, which results in a red shift and higher absorption intensity towards the visible region. Mitochondrial activity assay using L929 fibroblast cells shows that the nanocomposite films are biocompatible (>90%) after 24 h incubation. Multiple lamellapodia and cell-cell interaction are shown. The results suggest that the developed films can potentially be used as a flexible platform for wound dressing.
Materials, 2015
Chitosan/bacterial cellulose composite films containing diamond nanoparticles (NDs) with potential application as wound dressing are introduced. Microstructural studies show that NDs are uniformly dispersed in the matrix, although slight agglomeration at concentrations above 2 wt % is seen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals formation of hydrogen bonds between NDs and the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced crystallinity of the polymer matrix in the presence of NDs. Approximately 3.5-fold increase in the elastic modulus of the composite film is obtained by the addition of 2 wt % NDs. The results of colorimetric analysis show that the composite films are transparent but turn to gray-like and semitransparent at high ND concentrations. Additionally, a decrease in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) Materials 2015, 8 6402 and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap is also seen, which results in a red shift and higher absorption intensity towards the visible region. Mitochondrial activity assay using L929 fibroblast cells shows that the nanocomposite films are biocompatible (>90%) after 24 h incubation. Multiple lamellapodia and cell-cell interaction are shown. The results suggest that the developed films can potentially be used as a flexible platform for wound dressing.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Marine polysaccharides are believed to be promising wound-dressing nanomaterials because of their biocompatibility, antibacterial and hemostatic activity, and ability to easily shape into transparent films, hydrogels, and porous foams that can provide a moist micro-environment and adsorb exudates. Current efforts are firmly focused on the preparation of novel polysaccharide-derived nanomaterials functionalized with chemical objects to meet the mechanical and biological requirements of ideal wound healing systems. In this contribution, we investigated the characteristics of six different cellulose-filled chitosan transparent films as potential factors that could help to accelerate wound healing. Both microcrystalline and nano-sized cellulose, as well as native and phosphorylated cellulose, were used as fillers to simultaneously elucidate the roles of size and functionalization. The assessment of their influences on hemostatic properties indicated that the tested nanocomposites shorte...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019
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A Review on Chitosan and Cellulose Hydrogels for Wound Dressings
Polymers
Wound management remains a challenging issue around the world, although a lot of wound dressing materials have been produced for the treatment of chronic and acute wounds. Wound healing is a highly dynamic and complex regulatory process that involves four principal integrated phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Chronic non-healing wounds are wounds that heal significantly more slowly, fail to progress to all the phases of the normal wound healing process, and are usually stalled at the inflammatory phase. These wounds cause a lot of challenges to patients, such as severe emotional and physical stress and generate a considerable financial burden on patients and the general public healthcare system. It has been reported that about 1–2% of the global population suffers from chronic non-healing wounds during their lifetime in developed nations. Traditional wound dressings are dry, and therefore cannot provide moist environment for wound healing and...
Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2021
Recently, there is an increasing interest to prepare wound healing agents based on bio-polymers, due to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Despite this interest, nanocomposite films were prepared based on chitosan and gelatin reinforced with chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-NPs). Nanoparticles were incorporated onto films at different weight ratios (2, 4 and 6 wt%, dry base). Nanocomposite films enriched with nanoparticles were characterized by a higher UV-barrier property, compared to the control film. Films were characterized in terms of physical, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as their bioactivity. An increase in the tensile strength was observed with CS-NPs incorporation, while the elongation at break was adversely affected by nanoparticles amount. Thermal analyses confirmed the compatibility and miscibility between the different film components. Further, CS-NPs addition increased the surface wettability (polar component and surface free energy) of nanocomposite films. The biological properties of films, as well as their wound healing ability were explored. Results showed that nanoparticles incorporation improved significantly the antioxidant and antibacterial efficacies of nanocomposite films. Moreover, in-vivo wound healing test showed that the rate of wound reduction was greatly elevated with a rapid re-epithelialization for treated group with nanocomposite films. Consequently, films were suitable and promising alternatives biomaterials for wound healing and skin regeneration.
Chitosan and Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wound Management
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Wound management remains a challenge worldwide, although there are several developed wound dressing materials for the management of acute and chronic wounds. The wound dressings that are currently used include hydrogels, films, wafers, nanofibers, foams, topical formulations, transdermal patches, sponges, and bandages. Hydrogels exhibit unique features which make them suitable wound dressings such as providing a moist environment for wound healing, exhibiting high moisture content, or creating a barrier against bacterial infections, and are suitable for the management of exuding and granulating wounds. Biopolymers have been utilized for their development due to their non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. Hydrogels have been prepared from biopolymers such as cellulose and chitosan by crosslinking with selected synthetic polymers resulting in improved mechanical, biological, and physicochemical properties. They were useful by accelerating wound re-epithelialization a...