Taxonomic Revision of six Astragalus Sections That Native to Turkey based on three non-coding trn regions of cpDNA (original) (raw)
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Plant Syst Evol DOI 10.1007/s00606-013-0868-9
Comparative molecular phylogenetic study using nrDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences was carried out on species from three Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) sections from Turkey (Old World species) and the New World. A total of 56 taxa (179 accessions) including 30 species from Incani DC., 15 species from Hypoglottidei DC. and 11 species from Dissitiflori DC. section were used in the current study. The total length of the ITS region was 642 bp with 56 (8.7 %) parsimonyinformative and 9 insertion\deletion sites. The constructed phylogenetic tree suggested that the section Incani had the most conserved ITS region among the studied Astragalus sections, evolutionarily separated from other sections and monophyletic. Also, DNA sequences of several New World (Neo-) Astragalus species analyzed comparatively with those from the current study indicated that New World aneuploid species of Astragalus clearly formed a monophyletic group separated from the species of the Old World.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 2016
The genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) has approximately 3000 taxa around the world. The genus is known to spread vigorously in cold, semiarid, and arid regions of the Old World (approximately 2400 species); in western regions of North America (about 450 species); and especially along the Andean Mountains in South America (about 100 species) (Maassoumi, 1998; Podlech and Zarre, 2013). Astragalus section Hymenostegis was first named by Bunge (1868-1869) in his revision, entitled "Generis Astragali species gerontogeae" under the subgenus Calyphysa. This section was revised by Rechinger et al. (1958) and then was included in the Flora of Turkey (Chamberlain and Matthews, 1970), Flora of USSR (Gontscharov, 1946) and Flora of Iraq (Townsend and Guest, 1974). The latest revision of the section was made by Zarre and Podlech (1996). Astragalus section Macrophyllium Boiss. was described first by Boissier (1872). Species assigned to the section Hymenostegis Bunge are spread throughout western Asia. The origin and the diversification center of this section are in Iran. The section is represented by 12 species (A. uraniolimneus Boiss. has been recorded as a doubtful species) in the Flora of Turkey volume 3 (Chamberlain and Matthews, 1970) and one extra species in volume 11 (Aytaç, 2000), a total of 13 species, four of which are endemic. In 2008, A. expetitus Maassoumi was published as a new record for Turkey by Podlech and Ekici (2008). According to Podlech and Zarre (2013), there are 54 species of sect. Hymenostegis in Iran, 14 in Turkey (including two endemics), three in Armenia, three in Azerbaijan, three in Iraq, and one in Georgia. The number of species assigned to A. sect. Macrophyllium in the flora of Turkey was thought to be nine, five of them being endemic (Chamberlain and Matthews, 1970). However, Zarre (2000) reduced the number of species in Turkey to five and the number of endemic species to one. Karaman and Aytaç (2013) published A. yukselii Karaman & Aytaç within the sect. Macrophyllium and increased the number of species to six, two of which are endemic to Turkey. The main objectives of this study were to clarify the taxonomic status of species belonging to Astragalus sect. Hymenocoleus Bunge, A. sect. Hymenostegis Bunge and A. sect. Macrophyllium Boiss. in Turkey based on field studies and herbarium surveys, and provide their emended descriptions, distributions, and ecology. 2. Materials and methods Since 2011, as part of a revision of the genus Astragalus, extensive field surveys were conducted in Turkey and a large number of specimens were collected. The specimens were all cross-checked with the various Astragalus accounts given in the relevant literature: Flora Uzbekistana
Resolving the position of Astragalus borysthenicus Klokov within the Astragalus L. species
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY
The present study is focused on several species from the genus Astragalus L. with the aim to clarify the taxonomic status of Ukrainian local endemic species Astragalus borysthenicus Klokov, which is sometimes considered a synonym to A. onobrychis L. In this study, the morphological features, current taxonomy, taxonomical history, and phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA Bayesian inference, as well as comparative analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structures, were investigated. It was found that A. borysthenicus is distant from A. onobrychis according to phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, A. borysthenicus has differences from the investigated taxa in its secondary structures of ITS1 and ITS2 transcripts. These data suggest that A. borysthenicus should be treated as a separate species rather than a synonym to A. onobrychis.
phylogeny of Astragalus section dissitiflori based on nrdna its and morphological data in iran
Twenty four species belonging mainly to Astragalus L. section Dissitiflori DC. and some related sections were analyzed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods on the basis of nrDNA ITS sequences and morphological data. Trees resulted from two datasets were in agreement on their overall topologies. Based on our results, members of the section Dissitiflori didn't constitute a monophyletic group. However, the section with inclusion of the species from the other related ones, considered to be a monophyletic group. Since A. virgatus as the lectotype of the section Dissitiflori was not included in the present study; it is difficult to evaluate the monophyly of the section and to delimit it explicitly. Astragalus juladakensis, shows a basal position in both nrDNA ITS and the combined nrDNA ITS-morphology trees, as a sister to the remaining species of the sect. Dissitiflori. However, according to the present study, the affinity of this species to the section appeared to be question...
Phylogeny of Astragalus Sect. Alopecuroidei Based on the Combined Nrdna Its and Morphology
Rostaniha, 2013
A phylogenetic analysis of Astragalus sect. Alopecuroidei based on nrDNA ITS as well as morphological character data is presented. A total of fifty informative morphological characters were analyzed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for 23 taxa of the sect. Alopecuroidei and two species of sect. Laxiflori plus A. sieversianus and A. caryolobus as outgroups. The present analysis revealed that the Alopecuroidei with the inclusion of sect. Laxiflori is monophyletic. This is well consistent with the previous works even with the small taxon sampling. Astragalus alopecias was positioned at the base of the resulting trees. The present study indicates that all six/four informal species groups, except the Kirrindicus (=Obtusifolius) group and Turbinatus group, recognized within the Alopecuroidei were not monophyletic. nrDNA and morphology-based phylogenies were conflicting regarding the position of A. saetiger, A. turbinatus and A. neoassadianus.
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2003
Comparative sequencing of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S gene of nuclear ribosomal DNA was carried out to examine phylogenetic relationships among subgenera and sections of Old World Astragalus as well as the recent segregate genera Barnebyella and Ophiocarpus. For a subset of these taxa (43 accessions), the nrDNA ITS data were supplemented by sequences from the chloroplast ndhF gene. Phylogenetic trees resulting from separate analyses of the nrDNA ITS and ndhF sequences were in conflict mainly on the position and relationships of Ophiocarpus aitchisonii, Astragalus hemsleyi, A. grammocalyx, A. coelicolor, A. capito, A. epiglottis and A. annularis. Excluding these taxa, phylogenetic analysis of a combined nrDNA ITS-ndhF data matrix was also conducted, so that in the resulting tree, most clades were more resolved and better statistically supported than those were in the separate analyses. Our results indicate that the monotypic segregate genera Barnebyella (= A. migpo), Ophiocarpus (= A. ophiocarpus) and morphologically isolated annual species A. dipelta (= Didymopelta turkestanica), A. schmalhausenii (= Sewerzowia turkestanica) and A. vicarius (= S. vicaria) are clearly nested within Astragalus. Our results confirm earlier studies that shows A. vogelii is allied with the genera Colutea and Oxytropis rather than with any Astragalus species. It is therefore excluded from Astragalus and elevated to the new generic rank and named as Podlechiella Maassoumi and Kazempour Osaloo. None of the eight traditionally recognized Astragalus subgenera Epiglottis, Trimeniaeus, Phaca, Hypoglottis, Calycophysa, Tragacantha, Cercidothrix and Calycocystis are monophyletic. Similarly, the monophyly of Podlech's new subgenera Trimeniaeus, Astragalus and Cercidothrix is not supported. Among the many speciesrich sections analyzed here, only Cenanthrum, Chronopus, Laxiflori, Lotidium, Incani and Amodendron are monophyletic.
Karyological and palynological studies on Astragalus hamosus and A. glycyphyllos in Turkey
2000
Astragalus hamosus and A. glycyphyllos species have been investigated karyologically (the somatic chromo- some numbers) and palynologically in this study. Chromosome numbers were found as 2n = 44 for A. hamo- sus and 2n = 16 for A. glycyphyllos. The chromosome bridges were observed in the mitotic cells of adventive root tips of A. hamosus. In both species the mature
Taxonomical and chorological notes 1 (1–19)
Studia botanica hungarica, 2015
Th e fi rst part of the newly launched series includes miscellaneous new records from fungi to vascular plants. New chorological records of 14 fungi taxa are provided here: two new (Hypoxylon ticinense and Amylostereum laevigatum) and one confi rmed (Sarcodontia crocea) for Hungary; one new for Kiskunság and Bükk Mts (Pholiota squarrosoides); fi ve new for Vértes Mts (Arrhenia rickenii, Dentipellis fr agilis, Entoloma zuccherellii var. pluteisimilis, Gomphidius roseus, Leucoagari cus ionidicolor) and partly Central Hungary; four new for Sopron Mts (Agaricus bohusii, Amanita vittadinii, Hericium erinaceus and Leccinum variicolor); and two new for Neusiedl Hills (Gomphidius roseus and Polyporus umbellatus). Records of one moss (Anacamptodon splachnoides) new for Cserhát and Cserehát Mts are provided here. New chorological records of two vascular plants are provided: one taxon (Crataegus rosaeformis subsp. curvisepala) new for Hernád Valley and NE Hungary; one (Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta) new for the Börzsöny Mts. Two new combinations in genus Chamaecytisus are proposed here (Chamaecytisus supinus subsp. aggregatus and subsp. pannonicus). Th e present paper includes also the revision of the occurrence of Calamag rostis villosa in Hungary and concludes that it has been extinct in the country.
Plant Syst Evol, 2004
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Cynoglottis was performed to evaluate previous hypotheses based on non-molecular evidence concerning the position of this genus within Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae. ITS-5.8S and trnL UAA sequences from the nuclear and chloroplast noncoding genomes were obtained for four Cynoglottis taxa and selected members of the related genera Anchusa, Anchusella, Gastrocotyle, Brunnera and Pentaglottis. Cynoglottis is monophyletic, but neither trnL nor ITS support a close relationship with Brunnera, unlike previously supposed on morphological grounds. Brunnera is, instead, related to the southwestern European monotypic genus Pentaglottis, with which it forms a basal clade. ITS-5.8S sequences show that Anchusa thessala, a southeastern European annual species of Anchusa subg. Buglossellum, is sister to Cynoglottis and that the two taxa form a clade which also includes the Balkan endemic Gastrocotyle macedonica. Species of Anchusa subg. Anchusa form a separate lineage with high bootstrap support, suggesting that this heterogeneous genus is paraphyletic with respect to Cynoglottis. ITS sequences also discriminate between the Balkan-Apenninic diploid C. barrelieri and the Anatolian tetraploid C. chetikiana, albeit with low support. The molecular results are discussed in the light of karyological, morphological and chorological aspects.