Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C at a Primary Healthcare centre in Ghana (original) (raw)
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GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022
Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation of the liver. It is commonly caused by a viral infection. There are, however, other causes of hepatitis. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications and chemical agents. This disease is characterized by fever, vomiting, nausea and jaundice. Various forms of hepatitis exist and they include; Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F. Owing to the sad experience of wrong diagnosis of this case and wrong treatment which most times lead to death this study work aimed at determining the presence of hepatitis agents and the prevalence of hepatitis among residents of Umuaka Community in Njaba L.G.A of Imo State was carried out between the month of September and November, 2013. Hundred and twenty (120) subjects between the age range of 5-84 years were screened for Hepatitis, using immunochromatographic (IC) strips. Two forms of Hepatitis: HBV and HCV were tested for, in the study area. The overall prevalence of al...
Hepatitis research and treatment, 2017
Using prospective blood donors as a proxy, this study was aimed at estimating the burden and five-year (2012-2016) trend of viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) infection among asymptomatic adult population in Ho. A retrospective analysis was done on secondary data extracted from the hospital archives comprising 4,180 prospective blood donors from January 2012 to December 2016. Demographic variables included age and sex, as well as place of residence. Screening results of serum infectious markers (HBV and HCV) were obtained. The prevalence of asymptomatic viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) infection in the general adult population was 6.94% and 1.84%, respectively. Females recorded a higher burden of HBV and HCV (8.3% and 5.0%) compared to their male peers (6.8% and 1.4%). A significant age variation in HBV antigenaemia was seen with HBV seropositivity peaking among the younger population (less than 20 years' group) at 11.24% and troughed among the older population (above 50 years' grou...
PLOS ONE
The current burden of Hepatitis C virus infection and the availability of HCV-related services in Ghana are not well described. Previous estimates on HCV seroprevalence in the country are outdated. This study investigated the HCV seroprevalence and testing and treatment capacity in Ghana. A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted in which laboratory and blood bank registers from 17 public healthcare institutions in Ghana were reviewed. A survey on cost and availability of HCV-related testing and treatment was also performed. Crude and pooled estimates of HCV seroprevalence, frequency and median cost of available diagnostic tests and medicines were described. The crude HCV seroprevalence was 2.62% (95% CI 2.53–2.72) and the pooled estimate was 4.58% (95% CI 4.06–5.11) among 103,609 persons tested in laboratories. Age (OR 1.02 95% CI 1.01–1.02) and male sex (OR 1.26 95% CI 1.08–1.48) were predictors of a positive anti-HCV RDT test. Northern administrative regions in Ghana had...
Prevalence of Hepatitis C in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria 1
Background: This was a study to determine hepatitis C sero-prevalence rate and create awareness on hepatitis C. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of attendees at the 2012, World Hepatitis Day ceremony at the Benue State University Teaching Hospital in Makurdi, Nigeria. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information from consenting participants. All respondents were screened for hepatitis C using the Hepatitis C antibody (Anti HCV) test. Results: Hepatitis C sero-prevalence rate was 2.8%. Most of the respondents were: aged 40 years or less (85%), males (51.5%), had 6-10 persons in their household (51.7%). Only 6.4% had ever been transfused with blood, 4.3% had a history of jaundice, and 15.2% had a family member with hepatitis. Majority (85.1%) had poor knowledge regarding hepatitis C and only 27.4% had previously screened for it. There was no significant association between hepatitis C sero-positive status with demographic, risk factors for hepatitis C or knowledge about hepatitis C Conclusions: Hepatitis C infection is a health challenge in Nigeria in the setting of poor knowledge and inadequate screening facilities. All stakeholders should work towards improved awareness and testing for hepatitis C.
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science
Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by some hepatotropic viruses that indiscriminately infect all populations with certain sub-populations being more at risk/vulnerable to the infection. The highest burden of the infection is seen in sub-Saharan Africa with Nigeria belonging to the highly endemic countries with Taraba state having the highest burden in the country. It is undisputable that data regarding the prevalence of this infection is key in the prevention, management and control of epidemic by responsible bodies and authorities globally. However, data regarding viral hepatitis among at risk population remain scanty and continuous to prevail despite the endemicity of the disease in the region. It is against this background that this study sought to determine the prevalence of the disease among two at risk populations in Jalingo-Taraba State who accessed testing services at center for initiative and development Taraba state-Nigeria. A total of 397 individuals comprising of 160 health care workers and 237 people living with HIV were considered for the study. A total of 138 subjects were males while 259 were females within the age bracket of 8-80 years. Out of the total participants, forty-six 46/397(11.6%) were positive for HBV out of which 9(2.27%) were HCW and 37(9.32%) were PLHIV. However, no statistically significant association was found between at-riskpopulation and HBV status. A total of 54/397(13.6%) subjects were positive to HCV out of which 17(4.28%) were HCW and 37(9.32%) were PLHIV but no statistically significant association was found between at-risk population and HCV status of the subjects. A total of 5/397 participants (1.26%) were coinfected with viral hepatitis B and C out of which (0(0%), 1(0.25%)) were Males and females HCWs while (0(0%), 4(1.01%)) were males and females PLHIV respectively. The age group between 22-33 and 34-45 recorded 20(5%) each for HBV while the age group of 70+ recorded 0(0%) prevalence for HBV. The age group of 34-45 recoded the highest prevalence of 23(5.8%) for HCV infection while the age group of 58-69 recorded 0(0%) followed by 70+ who recorded 2(0.5%). The findings of this study reported a high prevalence of viral hepatitis infection amongst at risk population and this is a clear indication that the ailment is posing serious threat to the health care system and the region at large. This calls for the employment of aggressive preventive and elimination measures so as to succeed in achieving vison 2030.
The Pan African Medical Journal, 2021
Hepatitis C is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis and causes severe health problems in areas where prevalence is high. Ghana is noted for a relatively high sero-prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection. However, there is very little data on prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among children in Ghana, and what data is available indicates very low prevalence rate. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the sero-prevalence and associated pre-disposing risk factor for HCV infection among children attending the Princes Marie Louis Children´s Hospital in Accra. Two hundred archived blood samples from a previous study were retrieved and tested for the presence of HCV antibodies using a dipstick test kit. Out of the 200 samples tested, one (1) tested positive for HCV antibodies giving a prevalence of 0.5% among the study group. The results show that there is potentially a very low prevalence of hepatitis C among Ghanaian children. Hence, the higher prevalence among adults us...
Serological Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Infections in North Central Nigeria
Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2020
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver that triggers a series of complex immune responses that could eventually result in damages to the liver tissue if persistent. It has been estimated that Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections mortality combined far exceeded the number of mortalities occasioned by HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria combined globally. The global HBV and HCV pandemic has its highest prevalence in the WHO Western Pacific and the WHO African regions. The WHO Eastern Mediterranean and the WHO European Regions carries the highest burdens of the HCV infection. The prevalence of HBV in Nigeria is very high as reported in several studies, and the prevalence of HCV is reported to be rising steadily. The low level of public awareness about the danger of HBV and HCV infections has contributed to the steady rise in the incidence of these infections among the Nigerian population. This study shows a 16% HBV prevalence, with a 2% HCV prevalence among the study population. The male population in this study have a higher prevalence of HBV infection (20%), with the female population having a 13% HBV prevalence. Only the female population has a prevalence of 4% for HCV infection in this study. The high prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in this study clearly requires all stakeholders to intensify advocacy and public health education on ways of preventing and managing HBV and HCV infections among the Nigerian population.
Community-based sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
PLOS ONE, 2019
Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The magnitude of HBV and HCV infections in Ethiopia has not been well studied at community level. This study aimed at investigating the sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV among HBV unvaccinated community members in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts from March to May 2018. Structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant clinical and sociodemographic data. Three milliliter of blood sample was collected from each study participant and screened for HBV and HCV using one step hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test strip and one step HCV test strip, respectively. Samples found positive for HBsAg were further tested using immunoassay of Alere Determine TM HBsAg (Alere Inc., USA). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: A total of 625 (51.4% males, age 6-80 years, mean age ± SD = 30.83 ± 13.51 years) individuals participated in the study. The sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 8.0% as detected using one step HBsAg test strip, while it was 7.2% using Alere Determine TM HBsAg test. The sero-prevalence for HCV infection was 1.9%. Two (0.3%) of the participants were seropositive for both HBV and HCV infections. High sero-prevalence for HBV infection was associated with weakness and fatigue (AOR = 5.20; 95% CI: 1.58, 17.15), while high seroprevalence of HCV infection was associated with age group between 46 and 65 years (AOR = 13.02; 95% CI: 1.11, 152.41). Conclusion: this study revealed higher-intermediate endemicity level of HBV infection and low to intermediate endemicity level of HCV infection in the study area. Clinical symptoms like weakness and fatigue were found to be indictors for HBV infection, while individuals in the age group between 46 and 65 years were at higher risk for HCV infection. Provision of communitybased health education, vaccination, mass screening and providing treatment would have utmost importance in reducing the transmission of these diseases in the present study area.
Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis ABC Infection and its Assessment on Selected Primary Health Care clinics in Taraba state was investigated. Blood Samples were aseptically collected from 383 consented individuals. Sera were assayed for Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C antibodies. Rapid qualitative screening method for the detection of viral markers in the blood samples specific to each type of hepatitis virus was employed. Each serum was tested for antibodies to Hepatitis A virus total antibody using Micro point One- step rapid Test Kit for screening Hepatitis A virus antibody and both hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-N U hepatitis C antibody were screened using Egens Rapid Diagnostic test Kit and rapid qualitative diagnostic tests method to screen for Hepatitis A, B and C viruses by the detection of viral markers in the blood samples specific to each type of hepatitis virus. Risk factors relating to hepatitis were obtained using a questionnaire. A total of 6(1.6%), 31(8.1%) and 42(11.0%) subjects were seropositive for Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus respectively. The prevalence co-infection of Hepatitis A /Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis B /Hepatitis C virus were 1(0.3%) and 3(0.8%) respectively. The result revealed that Taraba State is burdened with hepatitis infection with overall prevalence of 20.6% for the 3 viruses studied. Viral hepatitis A did not show significant statistical association (P>0.05) with any of the considered variables among the subjects. However seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen differed significantly (P<0.05) with family size and primary health care clinics used in this work. The study showed that viral Hepatitis C and B are major public health concern in this study area and prevalence for both viruses can be considered high. Thus, it is suggested that emphasis on the importance of awareness, routine screening, immunization (for both child and adult) and antiviral therapy should be provided in the State.