Concentrations and Characteristics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Marine Zooplankton from the Gaoping Waters of Southwestern Taiwan (original) (raw)
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Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013
To evaluate the contamination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine organisms of the northern Yellow Sea of China, mollusks, wild shrimps and crabs were collected from the Yantai coast and ten PBDE congeners levels in the samples were analyzed and compared. The results indicate all the samples have been contaminated by PBDEs and PBDEs concentrations varied in individual species and in sampling sites. The concentration range of P PBDEs in the samples was 0.23-10.56 ng/g d.w. below the national edible criteria 40 ng/g d.w.. Congener compositions were mainly dominated by BDE 209.
Chemosphere, 2008
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were found in water, surface sediments, and bivalve samples that were collected from the San Francisco Estuary in 2002. ΣPBDE concentrations in water samples ranged from 3 to 513 pg/ L, with the highest concentrations found in the Lower South Bay (range 103-513 pg/L) region, which receives approximately 26% of the Estuary's wastewater treatment plant effluents. The ΣPBDEs in sediments ranged from below detection limits to 212 ng/g dry wt, with the highest concentration found at a South Bay station (212 ng/g dry wt), which was up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than other stations. The ΣPBDE concentrations ranged from 9 to 64 ng/g dry wt in oysters (Crassostrea gigas), from 13 to 47 ng/g dry wt in mussels (Mytilus californianus), and from 85 to 106 ng/g dry wt in clams (Corbicula fluminea). Only three PBDE congeners were detected in bivalves, BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100; these are the most bioaccumulative congeners from the commercial Penta-BDE mixture.
Marine Environmental Research, 2010
15 To characterize the bioaccumulation and historical trends of polybrominated 16 diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Deep Bay, an important water body between Hong Kong 17 and mainland China with a Ramsar mangrove wetland (Maipo), marine organisms and 18 core sediments were collected to determine their PBDEs concentrations. Sediment 19 core dating was accomplished using the 210 Pb method. PBDEs concentrations in fish 20 ranged from 0.17 to 4.16 ng g -1 wet wt., with a mean value of 2.00 ng g -1 wet wt. 21 Temporal trends of the target PBDE congeners levels in core sediment generally 22 increased from 1948 to 2003, with the highest levels in top sediment, suggesting an 23 ongoing PBDEs input. The average sedimentation flux of PBDEs was 0.25 ng cm -2 a -1 , 24 and the double time of total PBDEs concentration was ca. 12.3 a. Correlations 25 between the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) of PBDEs and their 26 corresponding octanol-water partition coefficient (K ow ) were discussed. 27 28
Trophodynamics of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Marine Food Web of Bohai Bay, North China
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are of great environmental concern due to the exponential increase of the concentrations in the environment, especially in high trophic level organisms, and the trophodynamics of these chemicals in aquatic food webs is an important criterion for assessing their ecological risk. This study analyzed 13 PBDEs in the zooplankton, five invertebrate species, six fish species, and one marine bird species collected from Bohai Bay. PBDE concentrations in organisms from Bohai Bay (ΣPBDEs: 0.15-32.8 ng/g lipid weight) were low compared with other marine organisms worldwide, and BDE-47 was the predominant compound in most samples, followed by BDE-28, BDE-99/BDE-100, and BDE-119. Correlation between lipid-normalized concentrations of PBDEs, and trophic levels determined by stable nitrogen isotope technologies confirmed that PBDEs were biomagnified in the marine food web. Significantly positive relationships were found for total PBDEs and four PBDE compounds (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-100, and BDE-119), and their trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were 3.53, 3.57, 7.24, 3.23, and 2.60, respectively. The concentration ratios between congeners (BDE-99/BDE-100 and BDE-99/BDE-47) were found to decrease with increasing trophic levels, suggesting that trophic-level-dependent concentrations ratios between BDE-99 and BDE-100 would be contributed by trophic level-dependent biotransformation between BDE-99 and BDE-47, and therefore resulting in the dominance of BDE-100 compared with BDE-99 and the relatively high trophic magnification of BDE-47 in the marine food web.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments and mussel tissues from Hong Kong marine waters
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2005
Sediments and green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, were used to investigate concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Hong Kong’s marine environment. PBDEs have been used extensively over the past two decades as flame retardants in polymer additives for a variety of plastics, computers, furniture, building materials, and fabrics. Many measurements of PBDEs in various environmental matrices have been reported from Belgium, Holland, Japan, Europe and North America, but few measurements are available for the southeast Asian region and Hong Kong. PBDE congeners (n = 15) were measured in 13 sediments and nine mussel samples, taken from Hong Kong marine waters. The ∑15PBDEs∑15PBDEs in sediments ranged between 1.7 and 53.6 ng g−1 dry wt, with the highest concentrations located around the most heavily populated areas of Victoria Harbour and Sai Kung, while the lowest concentrations of ∑15PBDEs∑15PBDEs were found at more remote locations of Sha Tau Kok, Wong Chuk Bay, Castle Peak Bay, and Gold Coast. ∑15PBDEs∑15PBDEs ranged from 27.0 to 83.7 ng g−1 dry wt of mussel tissues. Although not identical, most of the congeners in sediments were found in mussel tissues, with BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153 and BDE-183 being the most prominent in both matrices. On the basis of a literature survey, the concentrations of PBDEs reported in Hong Kong sediments and mussel tissues are amongst the highest in the world.
Fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment of the Pearl River Estuary, South China
Environmental Pollution, 2009
Ninety-six riverine runoff samples collected at eight major outlets in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China, during 2005China, during -2006 were analyzed for 17 brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners (defined as S 17 PBDE). Fourteen and 15 congeners were detected, respectively, in the dissolved and particulate phases. These data were further used to elucidate the partitioning behavior of BDE congeners in riverine runoff. Several related fate processes, i.e. air-water exchange, dry and wet deposition, degradation, and sedimentation, within the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), were examined to estimate the inputs of S 10 PBDE (sum of the target BDE congeners, -154, and -183) and BDE-209 from the PRD to the coastal ocean based on mass balance considerations. The results showed that annual outflows of S 10 PBDE and BDE-209 were estimated at 126 and 940 kg/year, respectively from the PRE to coastal ocean. Besides sedimentation and degradation, the majority of S 10 PBDE and BDE-209 discharged into the PRE via riverine runoff was transported to the coastal ocean.
Chemosphere, 2008
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were determined in muscle, liver and eggs of freshwater fishes from the lower reach of the Yangtze River, China. The present study is the first to report HBCD concentrations in the environment of China. The concentrations of PBDEs and HBCDs in muscle of freshwater fishes from the Yangtze River ranged from 18 to 1100 ng/g and 12 to 330 ng/g lipid weight (wt.), respectively. When compared with other regions of the world, the contamination of PBDEs in biota could be regarded as moderate, whereas contamination of HBCDs in biota was relatively high. The PBDE congener profiles in fishes of the present study were markedly different from those observed in freshwater and marine fishes from other regions of the world. In the present study, BDE-15, BDE-28 and BDE-47 were the predominant congeners in the fishes. This particular congener profile in fishes from the Yangtze River revealed that a specific commercial PBDE formulation (probably made in China) might have been used in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Profiles of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Aquatic Biota
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2000
The profiles (concentrations scaled to a sum of 100) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in aquatic fauna differ from those of the commercial PBDE formulations, particularly by a much higher proportion of the congener 47. At the same time, the profiles reported by different authors vary a great deal and no patterns related to species, localities, etc. are obvious. It seems that there are systematic differences among the reporting laboratories, and measurement errors within the same laboratory may also play a role. However, the profiles of PBDEs in fish from the Baltic are very similar and form a tight "cluster". PBDE profiles in crustaceans appear different from those in fish.