A REVIEW OF POTENTIAL ANTICANCERS FROM ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES Review Article (original) (raw)
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A REVIEW OF POTENTIAL ANTICANCERS FROM ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy such as resistance, lack of specificity, severe toxicity warrant the need to explore alternative approach for the treatment of cancer. Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate defense mechanism of all organisms and have been developed as potential alternatives in combatting infectious diseases. In addition, anticancer effects of many peptides have been reported with remarkable prospects in some in vitro studies especially on breast, cervical and lung cancer cell lines, and in vivo murine tumour xenografts. This review summarizes the reports on the activities of some selected anticancer peptides on various cancer cell lines.
Frontiers in Immunology
FiGURe 1 | Bioproduction of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their tumor suppressive effects. In humans, AMPs are present at various tissues, including the epithelium of the skin, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract, as well as the immune system. These peptides can effectively impinge on a broad spectrum of microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. However, they also restrain tumor growth and their immunostimulatory properties further co-opt anticancer immunity for enhanced tumor eradication.
Iranian journal of pediatric hematology and oncology, 2018
Application of chemotherapy in cancerous children leads to reduction of immune system efficiency. Therefore, these children are prone to various infectious diseases. The excessive use of antibiotics can bring about antibiotic resistant strains. Hence, it is essential to investigate new therapies for this problem. On the other hand, the emergence of resistance against multiple drugs is a major problem in treatments of infection and cancer. Lack of selectivity and negative side effects on normal cells is another associated problem for available drugs. Antimicrobial peptides are important agents that are made by the immune system in response to pathogens. This kind of immune response exists in all animal categories from prokaryotes to humans. Different types of antimicrobial peptides have been identified and isolated from various organisms. These peptides, along with antimicrobial effects, also contain other biological activities such as anticancer, spermicidal, anti-diabetic, growth s...
Antimicrobial Peptides as Anticancer Agents: Functional Properties and Biological Activities
Molecules
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defense peptides, are small cationic or amphipathic molecules produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms that play a key role in the innate immune defense against viruses, bacteria and fungi. AMPs have either antimicrobial or anticancer activities. Indeed, cationic AMPs are able to disrupt microbial cell membranes by interacting with negatively charged phospholipids. Moreover, several peptides are capable to trigger cytotoxicity of human cancer cells by binding to negatively charged phosphatidylserine moieties which are selectively exposed on the outer surface of cancer cell plasma membranes. In addition, some AMPs, such as LTX-315, have shown to induce release of tumor antigens and potent damage associated molecular patterns by causing alterations in the intracellular organelles of cancer cells. Given the recognized medical need of novel anticancer drugs, AMPs could represent a potential source of effective therapeutic agents, either alo...
Peptides with Dual Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities
Frontiers in Chemistry, 2017
In recent years, the number of people suffering from cancer and multi-resistant infections has increased, such that both diseases are already seen as current and future major causes of death. Moreover, chronic infections are one of the main causes of cancer, due to the instability in the immune system that allows cancer cells to proliferate. Likewise, the physical debility associated with cancer or with anticancer therapy itself often paves the way for opportunistic infections. It is urgent to develop new therapeutic methods, with higher efficiency and lower side effects. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in the innate immune system of a wide range of organisms. Identified as the most promising alternative to conventional molecules used nowadays against infections, some of them have been shown to have dual activity, both as antimicrobial and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Highly cationic and amphipathic, they have demonstrated efficacy against both conditions, with the number of nature-driven or synthetically designed peptides increasing year by year. With similar properties, AMPs that can also act as ACPs are viewed as future chemotherapeutic drugs, with the advantage of low propensity to resistance, which started this paradigm in the pharmaceutical market. These peptides have already been described as molecules presenting killing mechanisms at the membrane level, but also acting toward intracellular targets, which increases their success compartively to one-target specific drugs. This review will approach the desirable characteristics of small peptides that demonstrated dual activity against microbial infections and cancer, as well as the peptides engaged in clinical trials.
Anticancer peptides from bacteria
Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2013
Cancer is a leading cause of death in the world. The rapid development of medicine and pharmacology allows to create new and effective anti-cancer drugs. Among modern anti-cancer drugs are bacterial proteins. Until now has been shown anti-cancer activity among others azurin and exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pep27anal2 from Streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and recently discovered Entap from Enterococcus sp. The study presents the current data regarding the properties, action and anti-cancer activity of listed peptides.
Antimicrobial peptides with selective antitumor mechanisms: prospect for anticancer applications
Oncotarget, 2017
In the last several decades, there have been significant advances in anticancer therapy. However, the development of resistance to cancer drugs and the lack of specificity related to actively dividing cells leading to toxic side effects have undermined these achievements. As a result, there is considerable interest in alternative drugs with novel antitumor mechanisms. In addition to the recent approach using immunotherapy, an effective but much cheaper therapeutic option of pharmaceutical drugs would still provide the best choice for cancer patients as the first line treatment. Ribosomally synthesized cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or host defense peptides (HDP) display broad-spectrum activity against bacteria based on electrostatic interactions with negatively charged lipids on the bacterial surface. Because of increased proportions of phosphatidylserine (negatively charged) on the surface of cancer cells compared to normal cells, cationic amphipathic peptides could be an e...
Biomedical Relevance of Novel Anticancer Peptides in the Sensitive Treatment of Cancer
Biomolecules
The global increase in cancer mortality and economic losses necessitates the cautious quest for therapeutic agents with compensatory advantages over conventional therapies. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are a subset of host defense peptides, also known as antimicrobial peptides, which have emerged as therapeutic and diagnostic candidates due to several compensatory advantages over the non-specificity of the current treatment regimens. This review aimed to highlight the ravaging incidence of cancer, the use of ACPs in cancer treatment with their mechanisms, ACP discovery and delivery methods, and the limitations for their use. This would create awareness for identifying more ACPs with better specificity, accuracy and sensitivity towards the disease. It would also promote their efficacious utilization in biotechnology, medical sciences and molecular biology to ease the severity of the disease and enable the patients living with these conditions to develop an accommodating lifestyle.
Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides Has an Antitumour Effect in Human Cells
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1998
In all of these studies, relatively high concentrations The antimicrobial peptides cecropin and melittin of purified antimicrobial peptide was administered diare known to exhibit antitumour activity in tumour rectly, either to cells in culture or to mice. However, to derived cell lines. To achieve a similar effect in vivo be of use in therapeutic protocols, these peptides would these peptides would have to be given repeatedly to have to be repeatedly administered to maintain the maintain therapeutic levels, which may be pharmacohigh concentrations required for a beneficial effect. logically unfavourable. The expression of the genes Further, this kind of generalized delivery would result encoding such antimicrobial peptides in the desired in the amphipathic peptide reaching not only target cell type may circumvent these problems. Expression cells but also other cells. Thus, it would be advantaconstructs carrying cecropin or melittin have been geous to be able to target the delivery of the antimicrointroduced into a human bladder carcinoma derived bial peptides specifically to the site where their theracell line and the resultant cell clones analysed for tupeutic activity is needed. morigenicity in nude mice. Expression of cecropin re-Transfer of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides, sulted in either a complete loss of tumorigenicity in either directly to tumour cells, or to the vicinity of the some clones or reduced tumorigenicity, as measured tumour represents one strategy to circumvent the probby latency of tumour formation. These results suggest that vector mediated delivery of this gene to tumour lems that may be encountered when using the active cells may prove useful for cancer gene therapy. ᭧ 1998 peptide. Expression constructs in which the melittin Academic Press of the whole prepromelittin sequence (Fig. 1A), as a 254bp DNA magainins, also exhibit antitumour cell activity [6-8].