ChemInform Abstract: Utility of Cyanoacetamides as Precursors to Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones, 2-Aryl-6-substituted 1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides (original) (raw)

2008, ChemInform

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Abstract

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This research explores the utility of cyanoacetamides as versatile precursors for synthesizing a range of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, including pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones, 2-aryl-6-substituted 1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides. The study highlights the reaction pathways leading to these compounds, their potential applications in medicinal chemistry, and the advantageous features of using cyanoacetamides in organic synthesis.

Abstract and concrete phrases processing differentially modulates cortico-spinal excitability

Brain Research, 2012

An important challenge of embodied theories is to explain the comprehension of abstract sentences. The aim of the present study was to scrutinize the role of the motor cortex in this process. We developed a new paradigm to study the abstract-concrete dimension by combining concrete (i.e., action-related) and abstract (i.e., non-action-related) verbs with nouns of graspable and non-graspable objects. Using these verb-noun combinations we performed a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on the left primary motor cortex while participants performed a sentence sensibility task. Single-TMS pulses were delivered 250 ms after verb or noun presentation in each of four combinations of abstract and concrete verbs and nouns. To evaluate cortico-spinal excitability we registered the electromyographic activity of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. As to verb-noun integration, analysis of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after TMS pulse during noun presentation revealed greater peak-to-peak amplitude in phrases containing abstract rather than concrete verbs. Response times were also collected and showed that compatible (Concrete-Concrete and Abstract-Abstract) combinations were processed faster than mixed ones; moreover in combinations containing concrete verbs, participants were faster when the pulse was delivered on the first word (verb) than on the second one (noun). Results support previous findings showing early activation of hand-related areas after concrete verbs processing. The prolonged or delayed activation of the same areas by abstract verbs will be discussed in the framework of recent embodied theories based on multiple types of representation, particularly theories emphasizing the role of different acquisition mechanisms for concrete and abstract words (Borghi and Cimatti, 2009,2012).

Insects running on elastic surfaces

The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2010

The Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO, https://www.iddo.org) has launched a clinical data platform for the collation, curation, standardisation and reuse of individual participant data (IPD) on treatments for two of the most globally important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), schistosomiasis (SCH) and soiltransmitted helminthiases (STHs). This initiative aims to harness the power of data-sharing by facilitating collaborative joint analyses of pooled datasets to generate robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of anthelminthic treatment regimens. A crucial component of this endeavour has been the development of a Research Agenda to

4 th ELTLT CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

2015

is a brief summary of the most important points in a scientific paper. Through an abstract a writer can convey all of the information needed by the reader. This study deals with an analysis of abstract using micro-level coherence and macro-level coherence suggested by Thornbury. This article conveys the theoretical foundation of text, paragraph, abstract, types of abstract, coherence, micro-level coherence and macro-level coherence. The object of the study is the abstract of Mansoor Al-Surmi from University of Central Missouri, USA with his journal article entitled The Effect of Narrative Structure on Learner Use of English Tense and Aspect in an English as a Foreign Language Context. The writer analyzed the abstract of that article using the theory of coherence by Thornbury (2005). The result shows that by using the analysis of micro-level coherence and macro-level coherence the writer found that the abstract of Mansoor Al-Surmi from University of Central Missouri, USA in his journ...

An Application of Abstract Interpretation in Source Level Program Transformation

We describe an application of abstract interpretation within the field of source-to-source program transformation for pure Horn clause logic programs. Using a very concrete setting, we aim to provide a comprehensible introduction to the technique of abstract interpretation, particularly suited for the novice in the field. Also, we argue that abstract interpretation is not only suited for applications in code optimization, but provides an excellent tool to support techniques in source level program transformation.

Premature ejaculation: challenging new and the old concepts

F1000Research

Premature ejaculation remains a difficult condition to manage for patients, their partners, and the clinician. Whilst prevalence rates are estimated to be 20–40%, determining a diagnosis of premature ejaculation is difficult, as the definition remains both subjective and ill-defined in the clinical context. As our understanding of the ejaculatory pathway has improved, new opportunities to treat the condition have evolved with mixed results. In this review, we explore some of these controversies surrounding the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition and discuss potential novel therapeutic options.

A brief review of recent Charcot-Marie-Tooth research and priorities

F1000Research, 2015

This brief review of current research progress on Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a summary of discussions initiated at the Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation (HNF) scientific advisory board meeting on November 7, 2014. It covers recent published and unpublished in vitro and in vivo research. We discuss recent promising preclinical work for CMT1A, the development of new biomarkers, the characterization of different animal models, and the analysis of the frequency of gene mutations in patients with CMT. We also describe how progress in related fields may benefit CMT therapeutic development, including the potential of gene therapy and stem cell research. We also discuss the potential to assess and improve the quality of life of CMT patients. This summary of CMT research identifies some of the gaps which may have an impact on upcoming clinical trials. We provide some priorities for CMT research and areas which HNF can support. The goal of this review is to inform the scientific comm...

Which Variety of Realism? Some Asseverations on the Dependence of Abstracta upon Concreta

Philosophia Scientiae, 2008

La critique du nihilisme par Lowe est soumise à une évaluation. Le nihilisme semble impliquer un engagement à l'existence d'entités abstraites et Lowe utilise le principe de dépendance (P D)-les abstraits dépendent des concrets-pour bloquer la référence à des entités abstraites : les nombres sont dits dépendre de concrets. On défendra l'idée que cette forme de fictionnalisme n'est pas innocente et que nous devons sérieusement envisager l'alternative que constitue le platonisme. On défendra une forme de platonisme, le platonisme particularisé. En conclusion on proposera de renoncer au P D.

On Observational Equivalence and Algebraic Specification

1987

The properties of a simple and natural notion of observational equivalence of algebras and the corresponding specification-building operation are studied. We begin with a definition of observational equivalence which is adequate to handle reachable algebras only, and show how to extend it to cope with unreachable algebras and also how it may be generalised to make sense under an arbitrary institution. Behavioural equivalence is treated as an important special case of observational equivalence, and its central role in program development is shown by means of an example.

Abstract Painting: The Formation of New Aesthetics in Post-Mao China

Modern Chinese Literature and Culture, 2021

This paper explores the twisting path toward understanding and accepting abstract painting in the late 1970s and 1980s and contextualizes it within China’s domestic socio-political changes and its diplomatic relations with the West. Reformist artists constructed an aesthetic affinity between modern Western abstraction and traditional indigenous art forms. Although this cross-historical connection resulted in some misunderstandings of abstract art, it motivated artists to express personal feelings through pure forms without being burdened by the need to convey political messages. In return, art audiences were no longer passive recipients of propaganda; they became active explorers of new art experiences. This paper also calls attention to the indispensable role of art institutions in promoting abstract art. The art market and mass communication media were not fully developed, so official art museums, art academies, and art journals and magazines were essential channels through which artists learned about abstract painting. Despite some conflicts between individual artists and institutions, their dialogues, negotiations, and cooperations reflected the underlying energies in society and mediated the cultural transformation in the early years of the reform and opening-up period.

Open Peer Review Rehabilitation following hemorrhagic stroke: building the case for stroke-subtype specific recovery therapies [version 1; referees: 2 approved] Referee Status

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a form of brain bleeding and minor subtype of stroke, leads to significant mortality and long-term disability. There are currently no validated approaches to promote functional recovery after ICH. Research in stroke recovery and rehabilitation has largely focused on ischemic stroke, but given the stark differences in the pathophysiology between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, it is possible that strategies to rehabilitate the brain in distinct stroke subtypes will be different. Here, we review our current understanding of recovery after primary intracerebral hemorrhage with the intent to provide a framework to promote novel, stroke-subtype specific approaches. 1,2 2,3

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A TMS study on Abstract and Concrete Phrases

2016

An important challenge of embodied theories is to explain the comprehension of abstract sentences. The aim of the present study was to scrutinize the role of the motor cortex in this process. We developed a new paradigm to study the abstract-concrete dimension by combining concrete (i.e. action-related) and abstract (i.e. non-action-related) verbs with nouns of graspable and non-graspable objects. Using these verb-noun combinations we performed a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on the left primary motor cortex while participants performed a sentence sensibility task. Single-TMS pulses were delivered 250 ms after verb or noun presentation in each of four combinations of Abstract and Concrete verbs and nouns. To evaluate cortico-spinal excitability we registered the electromyographic activity of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. As to verb-noun integration, analysis of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after TMS pulse during noun presentation revealed greater peak-to-pe...

Panel no. 06-Feminist-inspired Activist Imaginaries for Making Change: Social Making, Legacies and Methodological Framings

2021

460 Juliana Vavilha Losso Full-Time Mothers: The New Meaning of the “New Housewives” Activity Patricia Veras Silva Abstract 449 Miriam Pillar Grossi Self-Care as a Feminist Methodology: Report of the Support Network Experience During the COVID 19 Pandemic in Brazil Marinês Rosa Abstract 435 Magdalena Sztandara Back and Forth: Knowledge Production and Methodological Dilemmas in the Crowded Fields Abstract 285 Niga Sayyed Who is She? Abstract 276 Ana Vivoda Timeless Struggle Over the Feminist Paradigm: Representing Dynamics of Gender Identity Construction Then and Now Katarzyna Kosmala Abstract 228 Trupti Shashikant Hallikeri Demeaning Exoticism in Conrad & Wilbur’s “Raj”435 Magdalena Sztandara Back and Forth: Knowledge Production and Methodological Dilemmas in the Crowded Fields Abstract 285 Niga Sayyed Who is She? Abstract 276 Ana Vivoda Timeless Struggle Over the Feminist Paradigm: Representing Dynamics of Gender Identity Construction Then and Now Katarzyna Kosmala Abstract 228 Tru...

Vasopressin–aquaporin-2 pathway: recent advances in understanding water balance disorders

F1000Research, 2019

The alteration of water balance and related disorders has emerged as being strictly linked to the state of activation of the vasopressin–aquaporin-2 (vasopressin–AQP2) pathway. The lack of responsiveness of the kidney to the vasopressin action impairs its ability to concentrate the urine, resulting in polyuria, polydipsia, and risk of severe dehydration for patients. Conversely, non-osmotic release of vasopressin is associated with an increase in water permeability in the renal collecting duct, producing water retention and increasing the circulatory blood volume. This review highlights some of the new insights and recent advances in therapeutic intervention targeting the dysfunctions in the vasopressin–AQP2 pathway causing diseases characterized by water balance disorders such as congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Th...

Time course of brain activity during the processing of motor- and vision-related abstract concepts: flexibility and task dependency

Psychological Research

Grounded cognition theories assume that conceptual processing depends on modality-specific brain systems in a context-dependent fashion. Although the relation of abstract concepts to modality-specific systems is less obvious than for concrete concepts, recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicated a foundation of abstract concepts in vision and action. However, due to their poor temporal resolution, neuroimaging studies cannot determine whether sensorimotor activity reflects rapid access to conceptual information or later conceptual processes. The present study therefore assessed the time course of abstract concept processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) and compared ERP responses to abstract concepts with a strong relation to vision or action. We tested whether possible ERP effects to abstract word categories would emerge in early or in later time windows and whether these effects would depend on the depth of the conceptual task. In Experiment 1, a shallow lexical d...

What's hot from the ICS Annual Meeting 2007

Neurourology and Urodynamics, 2007

This is an editorial review which is intended to provide an overview of the meeting. By necessity it is not fully comprehensive and relates to the presented papers only. It contains inevitable bias which we have attempted to minimise as far as possible. These comments represent the personal views of the authors and are not those of the journal or association.

Implementing Adaptive Capabilities on Agents that Act in a Dynamic Environment

AI* IA Notizie, 2001

Acting in a dynamic environment is a complex task that requires several issues to be investigated, with the aim of controlling the associated search complexity. In this paper, a life-cycle for implementing adaptive capabilities on intelligent agents is proposed, which integrates planning and learning within a hierarchical framework. The integration between planning and learning is promoted by an agent architecture explicitly designed for supporting abstraction. Planning is performed by adopting a hierarchical interleaved ...

Zengin, M.N., Deveci, İ. & Çepni, S. (2020). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Yenilikçi Düşünme Eğilimlerindeki Farklılıklar Ve Nedenleri: Açıklayıcı Ardışık Desen. 2nd International Conference on Science, Mathematics, Entrepreneurship and Technology Education (E-Conference), 19-22 Kasım, Bursa. (ÖZET)

Bu kitabın basım, yayım ve satış hakları OrEgDa (Organizasyon & Eğitim & Danışmanlık) firmasına aittir. Anılan kuruluşun izni alınmadan kitabın tümü ya da bölümleri, kapak tasarımı; mekanik, elektronik, fotokopi, manyetik, kayıt ya da başka yöntemlerle çoğaltılamaz, basılamaz, dağıtılamaz.

Solving Markov Decision Processes with Partial State Abstractions

2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

Autonomous systems often use approximate planners that exploit state abstractions to solve large MDPs in real-time decision-making problems. However, these planners can eliminate details needed to produce effective behavior in autonomous systems. We therefore propose a novel model, a partially abstract MDP, with a set of abstract states that each compress a set of ground states to condense irrelevant details and a set of ground states that expand from a set of expanded abstract states to retain relevant details. This paper offers (1) a definition of a partially abstract MDP that (2) generalizes its ground MDP and its abstract MDP and exhibits bounded optimality depending on its abstract MDP along with (3) a lazy algorithm for planning and execution in autonomous systems. The result is a scalable approach that computes near-optimal solutions to large problems in minutes rather than hours.

Data Sharing Analysis for a Database Programming Lanaguage via Abstract Interpretation

This paper presents an experiment in nsing n fnrmnl techniqne for static prngrnm nnnlyais, hnsod an abstract intarpre t.ntion, in the context of persistent progrnmming Inngnngw. The nim of thn annlysis is to dntoct npportnnities for snfe parallelism fnr trnnsnetinn nperatinn sehadnling. Tmnsnctinn apcratinns cnn he snfely intarlanved when there is no nverlnpping among their rends& nnd writ-b.