Researching The New Urban Texture After Urban Transformation in The Context Of Sustainability: The Case Of Ankara Yenimahalle (original) (raw)

2022, CUI '22 X. International Contemporary Urban Issues Conference Proceedings At: Istanbul

A rapid and worldwide migration from rural areas to cities has started after the industrial revolution. Immigration pressure has mostly emerged as a problem of rapid urbanization and housing shortage. Additionally, rapid and intense construction, which was offered as a solution to housing needs, caused cities to grow uncontrollably due to wars and natural disasters. Particularly in Turkey, in the 1950s, with the increasing immigration to cities, unlicensed construction and zoning amnesties cause the macroform of cities to spread unprecedentedly. With the effect of globalization, the use of urban space and lifestyles have begun to differentiate. Therefore, the traditional urban texture has begun to change in the urban space. Urban transformation applications in our country have been recently suggested as a solution to these and similar problems. Urban regeneration is a comprehensive project allowing problematic urban environments to be brought back to the city, restore the impaired social, economic and environmental balance, reach safe investment opportunities and be introduced in a multi-participatory and coordinated manner. Today, these projects are mostly handled as the organization of physical space by focusing on real estate with the approach of value increase and sharing, but it is seen that the dimensions of social development, economic development, and environmental and ecological sustainability are ignored respectively. As the results of these practices have been discussed in the recent years, it is claimed that an approach that does not consider sustainable approaches in the resource use negatively affects urban life comfort, human psychology, and health. This study aims to reveal the criteria necessary for the management of urban transformation projects at the planning stage in the axis of urban morphology approach by morphologically addressing the city parts reconstructed after urban transformation practices in the context of sustainability. Hence, the Mehmet Akif Ersoy neighborhood in Yenimahalle district of Ankara, the Capital City where the settlement pattern has changed dramatically as an urban transformation project (2007) was analyzed, and the effect of the transformation on the new urban texture was analyzed in two parts. In the first part of the study, the area transformed from a shanty house to a gated community was examined and discussed in the context of ecological and socio-cultural life from a morphological point of view. Therefore, the urban texture before and after the intervention, effective use of climate and natural resources by passive design strategies have been analyzed with 3D Sun-Path software that was used to examine concepts that suitable location selection and orientation, structuring style, street orientation, and landscaping. The transformation in the urban blocks and street patterns, and changes in building densities were revealed with the morphological analysis. Moreover, the spatial syntax analysis method was performed with the depth map software where the continuity of the urban space by determining the differentiating spatial relations, connectivity, integration, choice, and intelligibility analyzes were carried out. In the second part of the study, the aim was to conduct a survey study on the effect of transformation on perception, especially in the newly formed texture due to the limitation of public access. Finally, the data obtained were interpreted accordingly. This study reflects the information generated at the first stage where the concepts of social and environmental sustainability are considered as the most important criterion rather than economic issues in the urban transformation process.