Phenotypic correlations and site effects in a Peruvian landrace of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) (original) (raw)
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1998
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Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2021
Introduction. Long-term genetic improvement efforts in Latin America aimed to ameliorate peach-palm fruit farmers’ technical capacities and livelihoods have proven to be ineffective. Although experts agree this is partly the result of large uncertainty regarding consumer preferences, such research remains as virtually nonexistent. Objective. To identify chemical and morphologic attributes that are attractive for final consumers of peach-palm fruit and how these attributes are related to final perceptions of fruit quality, through statistical and econometric methods. Materials and methods. By using the harvest from a large set of varieties from a peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes) germplasm bank in Southwestern Colombia, 482 evaluations were made between April to October of 2016 by local consumers who tasted the fruits and gave a report on their perception of taste/quality in a case study scheme. Combining these data with further information on fruit color, oiliness perception, and additional controls, an ordered logit regression model was set to identify the attributes that describe peach-palm fruits with the most favorable scores for their taste/quality perception. Results. Preferences on oil contents were not linear. Fruits perceived as high-oil were between 9 and 13 % more likely to be considered as having the best taste/quality, while those perceived high-starch content were correlated with a significant aversion towards the fruit, namely 43 % less likely to be among the best fruits. Conclusion. A great deal of research is yet to be done around peach-palm fruit consumer preferences and, furthermore, it should be carried on an interdisciplinary ground. Further analyses of desired fruit traits should be made at sub-national levels, identifying ranges of suitable oiliness and morphological expected attributes and how available genetic material could help to satisfy those needs.
Repeatability and correlations among peach physical traits
Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2004
Selection fields of fruit crops are commonly installed without statistical design. This impairs the acquisition of trustworthy information and genetic parameters such as heritability. The coefficient of repeatability can be used to guide the selection since it defines the superior limit of heritability and can be estimated without much experimental sophistication. The coefficient of repeatability of fruit characters of peaches was estimated. It was verified that the selection based on samples of nine fruits leads to the accuracy of 0.90 in the evaluations of the permanent phenotypic values, indicating the efficiency of mass selection for length, diameter, and weight of the fruit, weight of the pit, firmness of the pulp and the pulp/pit and length/diameter ratios of the fruit. The coefficients of correlation indicate that the fruit physical traits can be improved by selecting for fruit diameter (highly correlated with fruit weight), low ratio L/D, and high ratio pulp/pit.
Sensory dimensions of peach-palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and implications for future genetics
Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2021
Introduction. Long-term genetic improvement efforts in Latin America aimed to ameliorate peach-palm fruit farmers’ technical capacities and livelihoods have proven to be ineffective. Although experts agree this is partly the result of large uncertainty regarding consumer preferences, such research remains as virtually nonexistent. Objective. To identify chemical and morphologic attributes that are attractive for final consumers of peach-palm fruit and how these attributes are related to final perceptions of fruit quality, through statistical and econometric methods. Materials and methods. By using the harvest from a large set of varieties from a peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes) germplasm bank in Southwestern Colombia, 482 evaluations were made between April to October of 2016 by local consumers who tasted the fruits and gave a report on their perception of taste/quality in a case study scheme. Combining these data with further information on fruit color, oiliness perception, and additi...
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 2005
Morphological variation of the coconut fruit measured in situ has been used to estimate genetic diversity, and generate hypotheses about the evolutionary and geographical diffusion of coconut. Some authors have questioned the validity of this methodology due to the possibly high effect of the environment on the morphological characteristics of the fruit. The general aim of this study is to validate this methodology through: (1) characterizing the pattern of morphological variation of the fruit under homogeneous growing conditions ex situ; (2) comparing this pattern with those already reported in situ; (3) estimating the heritability values for the components of fruit in coconut. Results are also discussed in comparison with ex situ leaf variation and biochemical and molecular variation patterns previously studied. Principal components and discriminant analyses indicated that the characters that best differentiate groups are basically the same in situ and ex situ. Grouping patterns obtained with principal components and cluster analysis were similar for both growing conditions. They were also similar to the grouping pattern obtained with ex situ leaf characters. No significant differences were found in the variation coefficients of fruit characters between the same populations in situ and ex situ. Consistency was found between patterns of morphological variation of fruit ex situ and in situ, and those obtained using iso-enzymatic and molecular characteristics. The results are also consistent with hypotheses on the origin and diffusion of the germplasm introduced to Mexico. High values of heritability were found in nine characters. Weight and water percentage showed the highest values (0.88 and 0.883), with a strong correlation to the mass and the roundness of fruit and seed, suggesting that human selection of these characteristics led to the differentiation of domesticated populations. We conclude that morphological characterization of the coconut fruit in situ is useful to estimate its genetic variability because of its simplicity, speed and ease of application in the field and in remote areas.
Euphytica, 2010
Agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated and compared for three consecutive years on 1,111 seedlings coming from 15 peach and nectarine breeding crosses, grown under a Mediterranean climate. Significant differences among and within the different progenies were found for most of the traits analyzed. The breeding population segregated for several Mendelian characters such as peach or nectarine fruit, round or flat fruit, yellow or white flesh and freestone or clingstone. In addition, aborting fruit and flat fruit trees were found in our progeny, and our data seem to support multi-allelic control of both flat shape and aborting fruit. The variation within the progenies of some traits such as blooming and harvesting date, yield, fruit weight and SSC was continuous, suggesting a polygenic inheritance. Relationships between qualitative pomological traits and these agronomic and fruit quality parameters were also found. Valuable correlations among agronomic and fruit quality parameters were found, although coefficients of variation depending on the progeny should be considered. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed several relationships among quality traits in the evaluated progenies. Based on this evaluation, 26 outstanding genotypes were pre-selected from the initial breeding population for further studies.
Phenotypic variation on 26 well-known accessions of African plum collected from four provenances established as genebanks was assessed under controlled-field conditions using a full nested mating design. Data were recorded for 12 agro-morphological fruit traits using multivariate statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics for each studied trait were calculated. In addition, patterns of morphological variation were assessed using principal component analysis (PCA). Studied accessions showed considerable variation in fruit length, fruit width, fruit and pulp weight, pulp thickness and fruit:kernel weight ratio. Clustering of accessions into similarity groups was performed using Ward's hierarchical algorithm based on squared Euclidean distances. The accessions based on studied traits were classified in 03 groups. Results showed that, fruits from accessions within Boumnyebel and Kekem provenances constitute cluster 1. Accessions in this cluster had better fruits traits and could be selected as raw material for breeding purposes or clonal multiplication. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components (fruit length, fruit width) accounted for 87.01% of the total variation. Among the studied traits, fruit length, fruit width, fruit and pulp weight, pulp thickness and fruit:kernel weight ratio showed strong and high positive link with the first component (PC1) whereas kernel weight and fruit length:width ratio showed positive link with the second component (PC2). These results suggest that fruit weight is a good predictor of pulp yield, although its predicting power differed among clusters.
Genetic Variation of Trees of Caryocar brasiliense for Fruit Morphometric Traits
Floresta e Ambiente, 2021
This study aimed to verify the genetic variability of matrix trees of Caryocar brasiliense, best known by the popular name of "pequi", in a completely random delineation, with 20 treatments (matrices), and 50 repetitions (collected fruits in each matrix). We have evaluated the following traits of each fruit: weight (g), diameter (cm), length (cm), width (cm), and thickness (cm). As results we obtained a coefficient of experimental variation (CVe(%)) that showed advantageous values of 2.82 to 7.80, and the genotype heritability (((%)) h g 2 (%)) of 55 to 95; both results can indicate favorable genetic control in the traits of the fruit. At the same time certain traits have significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations, which can be understood as an advantage for the improvement of the specie. In conclusion, we have noted that the population of Caryocar brasiliense has a high genetic variation, these results support the planning for genetic improvement programs.
Scientific Reports
Interspecific pear (Pyrus spp.) hybrid populations are often used to develop novel cultivars. pear cultivar breeding is a lengthy process because of long juvenility and the subsequent time required for reliable fruit phenotyping. Molecular techniques such as genome-wide association (GWA) and genomic selection (Gs) provide an opportunity to fast-forward the development of high-value cultivars. We evaluated the genetic architecture of 10 pear fruit phenotypes (including sensory traits) and the potential of GS using genotyping-by-sequencing of 550 hybrid seedlings from nine interrelated full-sib families. Results from GWA suggested a complex polygenic nature of all 10 traits as the maximum variance explained by each marker was less than 4% of the phenotypic variance. The effect-size of SNPs for each trait suggested many genes of small effect and few of moderate effect. Some genomic regions associated with pear sensory traits were similar to those reported for apple -possibly a result of high synteny between the apple and pear genomes. The average (across nine families) GS accuracy varied from 0.32 (for crispness) to 0.62 (for sweetness), with an across-trait average of 0.42. Further efforts are needed to develop larger genotype-phenotype datasets in order to predict fruit phenotypes of untested seedlings with sufficient efficiency. Published: xx xx xxxx OPEN Scientific RepoRts | (2019) 9:9072 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45618-w
Euphytica, 2013
Agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated and compared for three consecutive years on 1111 seedlings coming from fifteen peach and nectarine breeding crosses, grown under a Mediterranean climate. Significant differences among and within the different progenies were found for most of the traits analyzed. The breeding population segregated for several Mendelian characters such as peach or nectarine fruit, round or flat fruit, yellow or white flesh and freestone or clingstone. In addition, aborting fruit and flat fruit trees were found in our progeny, and our data seem to support multi-allelic control of both flat shape and aborting fruit. The variation within the progenies of some traits such as blooming and harvesting date, yield, fruit weight and SSC was continuous, suggesting a polygenic inheritance. Relationships between qualitative pomological traits and these agronomic and fruit quality parameters were also found. Valuable correlations among agronomic and fruit quality parameters were found, although coefficients of variation depending on the progeny should be considered. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed several relationships among quality traits in the evaluated progenies. Based on this evaluation, 26 outstanding genotypes were pre-selected from the initial breeding population for further studies.