Are there any differences in carbon concentration among species of high conservation value forests in Northern Mexico? - ¿Hay variaciones en la concentración de carbono entre especies de bosques de alto valor de conservación en el norte de México? (original) (raw)
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Forest diversity plays a key role in determining the stand carbon stocks of Mexican forests
Forest Ecology and Management, 2018
Defining the most important factors related with forest carbon (C) stocks in different forest types is still a controversial topic. In this study we used data from 10,500 plots from The National Forest Inventory of Mexico encompassing the six main forest types in Mexico (conifer, broadleaf, mixed, evergreen and semi-deciduous, dry and semiarid forests) in order to identify the main factors related to the spatial pattern of C stocks, including climate (temperature and rainfall), forest diversity (structural and species richness), topographic and soil characteristics (soil depth, slope and land tenure) and disturbance factors (fires, pests and tree felling). We built two different types of models, one taking all plots into account (global model, R 2 = 0.54, P < 0.001) and others for each forest type separately. Overall, structural richness was the most important variable related to C stock both in the global model and in each forest type model. Tree richness had a strong relationship in tropical forests (both dry and evergreen) but not in temperate forests (conifer, broadleaf and mixed forests), where slope and climate variables had greater effects on C stocks. C stock was strongly and positively correlated with precipitation in almost all forest types, while it was strongly and negatively correlated with temperature in broadleaf and mixed forests. Surprisingly, slope was the second most important factor positively correlated with C stock in broadleaf and mixed forests. Surprisingly, soil depth, land tenure and disturbance variables had a negligible effect in almost all models, partially due to the poor quality of disturbance and soil depth data available from INFyS. The results suggest that, in order to enhance C stock in Mexican forests, management techniques should encourage increases of the number of tree species and, especially, tree size inequality, since both these factors were shown to have a key role in C stock.
Carbon content evaluation in southern forests of Nuevo León
2011
The acknowledgement of the importance of environmental services that forests provide and the need to count on reliable methods to assess them are the reasons to accomplish the actual study, whose objectives were to develop methods and practical tools to estimate the carbon content of some forests at the South of Nuevo Leon State. Biomass equations based on the normal diameter (called DBH at height 1.30m) of the tree form for Pinus pseudostrobus, P. teocote and Quercus spp. were developed in temperate forests of Southern Nuevo Leon (NL). Likewise, it was estimated the carbon content of the tree species under study, using an organic carbon analyzer. Results allowed the construction of rates, biomass and carbon content tables, which were assessed by the amount of carbon in the tree component of mixed forests of pine-oak, oak-pine and pure pine stands. The carbon per cent content in dry weight in Pinus pseudostrobus trees was 50.35, in P. teocote 47.78 and in Quercus spp. 48.43. Carbon ...
Two structural-diversity and two biodiversity indexes and carbon stocks were determined at eight humid and sub-humid tropical forest sites between 20-120 yrs-old in southeastern Mexico. The dbh of all trees > 10 cm was measured and species were identified in 131 randomly located plots of different sizes. Results for the number of species (S), Shannon (H'), biomass-species (BS) and abundance-biomass-species (ABS) indexes were related to Mg C ha-1 and the age of the sites. Values found were: S, 27-109; H', 3.9-5.31; BS, 7.39-16.0; ABS, 9.87-18.2; Mg C ha-1, 39.7-130.7. The relationships between BS and ABS to C and the age of the sites were linear and positive, showing that stand structure directly influenced carbon storage. The relationship between site age and C was remarkably high (R2 = 0.79). Humid forests showed higher values of C than the sub-humid forests (104.4 vs. 70.6, t=2.07, P=0.04) but their structural diversity was similar (BS, 11.25 vs. 8.3, P = 0.134; ABS, 13.9 vs. 10.6, P = 0.135). It is concluded that forestry management (of tree diameter) may be a factor that can favor more carbon storage in secondary forest regrowth as it starts to reach maturity.
Concentración de carbono en el fuste de 21 especies de coníferas del noreste de México
En el noreste del país no se cuenta con información sobre la concentración de carbono por especie forestal, por lo que es necesario iniciar trabajos específicos para establecer las bases metodológicas sobre su registro. Por medio del presente estudio se determinó la concentración de carbono en el fuste de 21 especies de coníferas que crecen en la región noreste de México, especificamente en los estados de Nuevo León y Coahuila; para ello se utilizó un equipo analítico denominado Solids TOC Analyzer, que funciona por combustión completa a 900 °C y con un detector infrarrojo no dispersivo. La colecta de las muestras se hizo con un método no destructivo que consiste en extraer una porción de la sección transversal del fuste. En total se analizaron 210 muestras procedentes de 70 individuos. A partir de un análisis de varianza se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en los fustes (P < 0.0001), que variaron de 45. 67±1. 08% en Pinus remota a 51. 18±0. 62% en Juniperus flaccida, la cual alcanzó el porcentaje más alto, con una media general de 48. 39±2. 03%. Si se conoce la concentración de carbono por especie y la biomasa por individuo es factible estimar el contenido de carbono en los ecosistemas con mayor precisión, cuando se hacen los inventarios forestales.
En el noreste del país no se cuenta con información sobre la concentración de carbono por especie forestal, por lo que es necesario iniciar trabajos específicos para establecer las bases metodológicas sobre su registro. Por medio del presente estudio se determinó la concentración de carbono en el fuste de 21 especies de coníferas que crecen en la región noreste de México, especificamente en los estados de Nuevo León y Coahuila; para ello se utilizó un equipo analítico denominado Solids TOC Analyzer, que funciona por combustión completa a 900 °C y con un detector infrarrojo no dispersivo. La colecta de las muestras se hizo con un método no destructivo que consiste en extraer una porción de la sección transversal del fuste. En total se analizaron 210 muestras procedentes de 70 individuos. A partir de un análisis de varianza se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en los fustes (P < 0.0001), que variaron de 45. 67±1. 08% en Pinus remota a 51. 18±0. 62% en Juniperus flaccida, la cual alcanzó el porcentaje más alto, con una media general de 48. 39±2. 03%. Si se conoce la concentración de carbono por especie y la biomasa por individuo es factible estimar el contenido de carbono en los ecosistemas con mayor precisión, cuando se hacen los inventarios forestales.| Palabras clave: Concentración de carbono, coníferas, ecosistemas forestales, Juniperus flaccida Schltdl., Pinus remota (Little) Bailey et Hawksw., Solids TOC Analyzer.
A National, Detailed Map of Forest Aboveground Carbon Stocks in Mexico
Remote Sensing, 2014
A spatially explicit map of aboveground carbon stored in Mexico's forests was generated from empirical modeling on forest inventory and spaceborne optical and radar data. Between 2004 and 2007, the Mexican National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) established a network of ~26,000 permanent inventory plots in the frame of their national inventory program, the Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (INFyS). INFyS data served as model response for spatially extending the field-based estimates of carbon stored in the aboveground live dry biomass to a wall-to-wall map, with 30 × 30 m 2 pixel posting using canopy density estimates derived from Landsat, L-Band radar data from ALOS PALSAR, as well as elevation information derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data set. Validation against an independent set of INFyS plots resulted in a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.5 with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 14 t·C/ha in the case of flat terrain. The validation for different forest types showed a consistently low estimation bias (<3 t·C/ha) and R 2 s in the range of 0.5 except for mangroves (R 2 = 0.2). Lower accuracies were achieved for forests located on steep slopes (>15°) with an R 2 of 0.34. A comparison of the average carbon stocks computed from: (a) the map; and (b) statistical estimates from INFyS, at the scale of ~650 km 2 large hexagons (R 2 of 0.78, RMSE of 5 t·C/ha) and Mexican states (R 2 of 0.98, RMSE of 1.4 t·C/ha), showed strong agreement. OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2014, 6 5560
PeerJ
Background Forest ecosystems are considered among the largest terrestrial carbon sinks. The dynamics of forest carbon depend on where the carbon is stored and its responses to environmental factors, as well as the physiology of the trees. Thus, threatened forest regions with high biodiversity have great scientific importance, such as the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. A comparative analysis of tree species can expand the knowledge of the carbon cycle dynamics and ecological processes in this region. Here, we examined the growth, wood density, and carbon accumulation of two threatened species (Pseudotsuga menziesii and Cupressus lusitanica) to evaluate their hydroclimatic responsiveness. Methods The temporal variations in the carbon accumulation patterns of two co-occurring species (P. menziesii and C. lusitanica) and their sensitivity to the local climate were studied using dendroecological techniques, X-ray densitometry, and allometric equations. Results The results show that t...