Application of water quality index method for assessing the surface water quality status of Mert Stream in Turkey (original) (raw)
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Environmental Forensics, 2020
A year-long study from May 2018 to April 2019 investigated the spatio-temporal changes in water quality of seven major rivers in the Giresun Province in northeastern Turkey. The results of the analysis were classified according to WHO limit values for drinking water and water quality classes were determined with respect to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR). In addition, sodium percentage (% Na), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values were calculated to evaluate the eligibility of the streams for irrigation purposes. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation index (PCI), cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) were used to determine the differences and similarities of streams, pollution sources and relations between parameters. As a result of the PCA, four factors accounted for 71.52% of all factors. These factors show that the major changes in water quality parameters were associated with point-based pollution such as wastewater from household and industrial resources, non-point sources such as agricultural activities and natural phenomena such as flooding, rock and soil erosion. The pH values in the range of 7.77 to 9.8 were slightly alkaline compared to the TSWQR range of pH 6-9. In certain months, the average NO 2-N values (> 0.06 mg/L) in Batlama Stream, Aksu Stream, Ya glıdere Stream and Gelevera Stream was class III (medium) water quality and mean fluoride values in streams (1 and 1.19 mg/L) were class II water quality according to TSWQR. The levels of anionic surfactants in all streams were class III (polluted) water quality, except for Pazarsuyu Stream with class II (less polluted) water quality. The annual mean water quality index (WQI) values of the streams ranged from 25.69 (excellent) to 32.39 (good). When the water quality was evaluated for irrigation, the SAR, Na%, RSC and MH did not exceed the limit values. Based on these indices it was assessed that settlements and related anthropogenic activities along the riverbanks did not affect the water quality currently. This does not mean that it may not have an effect in the near future.
The International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2012
Qalyasan Stream in Sulaimani city is used as a source for irrigation and drinking water, and also as a sink for the untreated urban and industrial domestic's wastewater. Therefore, the good quality of the stream changed from protected to impacted and finally to degraded. Degradation of water quality in the Qalyasan stream increased year after year due to unprecedented increase in population and rapid rate of urbanization in Sulaimani city and consequently effluence of many pollutants into the stream from the sources of domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. The present study aimed to calculate water quality index (WQI) by the analysis of thirteen physicochemical parameters on the basis of Weighted Arithmetic Index in order to assess the suitability of water for drinking, irrigation purposes and other human uses. The parameters were measured periodically at 10 sampling sites during June 2007 to January 2008. The results obtained on WQI for the different sampling sites wer...
Ecological Indicators, 2019
The effect of agricultural activities and domestic pollution on water quality in the Turnasuyu Basin was evaluated. Sampling was performed during the period of a hydrological year (February 2017-January 2018) in the surface water on the selected three sampling points to represent the upstream, midstream and downstream basin of the Turnasuyu Stream. General conditions of water quality parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, turbidity, salinity, oxidation reduction potential, alkalinity, total hardness), oxygenation parameters (dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, biological oxygen demand), nutrient parameters (ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, total phosphate, total phosphorus), trace elements, inorganic pollution parameters and suspended chlorophyll a content from biological parameters were examined. Analyzes were performed using standard methods. Multiple statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson correlation index (PCI) and clustering analysis (CA) were applied to the results. Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality of the stream and hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) was used for the evaluation of trace elements in terms of public health risk. The results showed that the Turnasuyu Stream has a very good water quality characteristic, and that the trace elements identified were not in dangerous limits for public health. Turnasuyu Stream has an oligotrophic structure with low Chlorophyll a levels.
Karaçomak Dam is main source of drinking water in Kastamonu city (Turkey) for this reason, In this study used Water quality index which provides a single value to express overall quality based on 13 variables that were determined during the period between September 2015 until July 2016. Sampling points chosen as described by first station at intake point of the drinking water supply for Kastamonu city, second station was opposite intake point of the drinking water supply about (449) m along at main dam. The parameters namely Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Temperature (T), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Turbidity (TUR), Total hardness (Ha), Total alkalinity, Ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), Nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), Phosphate (PO4-P), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The resulted WQI shows that (35.5 and 32.4) for sites (S1 and S2) respectively. On the other hand, there was significant temporal variations in water quality index among poor quality to excellent quality whereas that January 2016 showed high level of deterioration at (S1, S2), this may be due to starting the winter 2016 where high contribution from runoff at downstream areas which increase of deterioration body water in the Dam. The results clearly show that Water Quality index (WQI) was useful tool to obtain the right decision and evaluating water quality. In future, evaluation of water quality in Karaçomak dam should be given main priority of using the microbiological parameters with physico-chemical parameters in WQI calculations and to water quality monitoring
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
Today, water is affected negatively in terms of its characteristics and quality due to many factors. Necessary measures should be taken to control environmental pollution by analyzing the conditions and parameters that cause pollution and monitoring the water quality in water bodies such as lakes, streams, rivers and ponds. Akköprü Stream is one of the rivers flowing into Lake Van and it has great importance within the borders of Van/Turkey. The data in this study were used to perform water quality analysis based on the physicochemical parameters obtained from Akköprü Stream. A total of 22 water quality parameters were used to determine water quality at the discharge into Lake Van. Evaluation of these parameters was made according to the regulation about water pollution control (Turkey). As a result, Akköprü Stream has Class I water quality in terms of seasonal conditions and water parameters. Among the parametric analysis methods, trend distribution, normality, correlation, matrix table, regression and normal distribution of the data set were examined and the relationships between parameters were interpreted statistically. According to the results, most of the parameters were within the normal range, solid matter and hardness effects were correlated, and matrix relations and regression equations were related to other parameters.
Assessment of Water Quality by Physicochemical Parameters for Munzur and Peri River, Turkey
This study is concerned about the relationship of water quality parameters and aquatic life standards in Munzur and Peri River, Turkey. The rivers were classified according to water quality standards and the parameters were revealed the natural living conditions of fish in subjected ecosystems. Water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, DO, BOD 5 , COD, total hardness ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, Total Nitrogen, medium-P, chloride, sulphate, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, turbidity, water flow rate and biological parameters such as E. Coli, F. Strp., T. Coli of Munzur and Peri River were detected once per 3 months during 2008-2009. In terms of physicochemical parameters of Munzur and Peri River, both rivers can be classified as 1st class inland water according to the classification properties. In conclusion we revealed that Munzur and Peri Rivers are in good condition for aquatic life which is unique in this area. The natural of the area should be protected and saved for future generations.
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The most important aquatic ecosystems are freshwater rivers, which are considered as biodiversity and drinking water. In this regard, the quantitative and qualitative study of these resources is an important pillar of sustainable development. Gorganroud is one of the most important rivers in northeastern Iran; therefore the aim of this study was to study survey of Gorgnroud River water quality in Golestan Province using Water Quality Index (WQI). For this purpose, five sampling stations were selected along the Gorgnroud River, and samples were taken from April to August of 2015 every 45 days at sampling stations. The parameters of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite and PH were measured at each turn and the data were analyzed by WQI qualitative index. The results showed that the Water Quality Index at the first station (91/22); at the second station (85/51); at the third station (89.30); at the fourth station (87/14) and fifth station (81/11). The water quality index indicates that w...
WATER QUALITY INDEX: A TOOL FOR EVALUATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY
The current analysis deal by means of the Water Quality Index(WQI) assessment of Gostani Velpur stream, a tributary of river Godavari. Water quality index (WQI) exhibit the on the whole quality of water based resting on a number of water quality parameter. As part of the analysis, eleven parameters viz., pH, electrical conductivity, Overall dissolved solids, Overall alkalinity, Overall hardness, calcium, magnesium, Chlorides, Nitrates, dissolved oxygen as well as biological oxygen demand were analysed as well as were used to determine WQI. Brown WQI method was used to find overall WQI. The results obtained on WQI and physicochemical parameters of water quality were found to be very high exceeding the permissible range indicating that water is unsuitable for drinking. It is recommended that constant monitoring is needed to maintain water quality of the water supplies along the source canal which is a major source used for intake in addition to domestic purpose.
Application of the Water Quality Index as Simple Indicator of Watershed Pollution
The purpose of this paper is using the water quality index (WQI) to help management actions in the Jajrud watershed in Tehran‐Iran, as a simple pollution indicator for human activities. In this research, the water quality of Jajrud River has been investigated for 9 years during 2001‐2008. The WQI was calculated by two methods: National sanitation foundation water quality index (WQINSF), Subjective water quality index (WQISUB). Water quality parameters which were used in this index are: Turbidity, Total phosphate, Total solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, Fecal Coliform, pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The amount of WQI was measured at ten stations along the river. Then its quality is categorized based on different conditions including excellent, good, average, bad and very bad. The results showed that water quality, except two stations, was average. Also the amount of the WQI was calculated by two methods are relatively convergent and approximate.