New Parasitic records of Aves: Phasianidae (Alectoris chukar) in Malakand division northern, Pakistan (original) (raw)
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Helminthologia, 2022
More than 24,000 species of helminth parasitize wild birds worldwide, and this number is expanding as interest in wildlife parasitology increases. The objective of the current study was to update the baseline of helminthological surveys conducted on chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) in northern Pakistan. After reviewing the available literature, a parasite-host association checklist was developed. Nematodes (53.8 %) were the most commonly reported parasite, followed by cestodes (15.3 %) and trematodes (15.3 %) respectively. Seventy (70) chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) distributed across the Malakand division of northern Pakistan were screened for parasitosis during the period from October 2020 to the end of December 2021. Blood samples of all the specimens were screened for haemoprotozoa, the digestive tract was examined for protozoans and helminths. The examined birds were infected with nine different helminth parasite species identifi ed as cestodes (4 species), trematodes (2 species) and 3 species of nematodes. 29 out of 70 birds were infected, with the male and female infection rates being 36 % and 52.1 %, respectively, with a total prevalence of 41.3 %. Among the infected birds 10 (34.4 %) contained cestodes, 2 (6.8 %) contained trematodes and 17 (58.6 %) contained nematodes. Of which Ascaridia galli and Capillaria phasianina recorded the highest prevalence (10 %). While Amoebotaenia cuneate, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Lyperosomum longicauda recorded the least (1.4 %) respectively. Reporting of Raillietina echinobothrida, Amoebotaenia cuneate and Lyperosomum longicauda constitute new host records. A. cuneate is a new record in the parasitological list in the country. In terms of host's sexuality, the overall fi gures show no signifi cant changes in infection indices.
Parasitosis of the Chukar Partridge, Alectoris chukar in North Iraq
Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 2013
Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the identity of the parasitic communities of the chukar partridge from Iraq as well as reporting on the prevalence and intensity of various infections from several localities and comprising both sexes. Methods: Twenty-nine live adult chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) were obtained from several localities across the northern provinces of Iraq. Blood samples were examined for haemoprotozoa, carcasses were assessed for the ectoparasites throughout the body skins and feathers, and the alimentary canal was examined for protozoans and helminths. Results: All of the examined animals were infected with the 18 different endo-and ectoparasite species identified. These include 2 protozoans, 3 cestodes, 2 nematodes, and 11 arthropods. The overall figures suggest no significant differences in infection indices in terms of the host's sexuality. Pathogenicity of the parasites involved is briefly emphasised. Furthermore, the role of the chukar in the dissemination of these disease agents among populations of other avian species is discussed. Conclusion: With the exception of C. latiproglottina, all of the species differentiated represent new records for chukar from Iraq, and the 2 coccidians are new addenda to the country parasitological list.
Animals, 2021
The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and means of identification of helminths in native partridges (65) and introduced pheasants (32) in Poland and to determine the level of intestinal infection of these birds by helminths using parasitological and ecological indices. The birds were acquired during the hunting season in the years 2015–2017. Nematodes, Capillaria phasianina, cestodes, Railietina friedbergeri, and one trematode, Brachylaima sp. were recorded for the first time in partridges in Poland. Our findings indicate that parasites are more prevalent in pheasants (prevalence 70.4%) than in partridges (prevalence 50.0%). The component community and infracommunity of parasites of partridges are more diverse (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.63 and mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.10 ± 0.17) and less dominated by a single parasite species (Capillaria sp., Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.53) than the pheasant parasite community (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.07, mean Br...
STUDIES ON PARASITIC PREVALENCE IN RING NECKED PHEASANTS (PHASIANUS COLCHICUS) IN CAPTIVITY
Fecal and blood samples of ring necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus were analyzed to record the parasitic prevalence in these pheasants. A total of 1000 samples, 500 blood and 500 fecal samples were collected from Captive Breeding Facilities for Birds, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Parasitic genera identified from blood samples of P. colchicus include Leukocytozoon, Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. Prevalence of Leukocytozoon was 16 % while the prevalence of Haemoproteus was 14.3%. Parasitic genera identified from fecal samples of P. colchicus include Eimeria, Isospora, Trichomonas and Giardia. Eggs of five species of nematodes viz. Capillaria, Syngamus trachea and Ascaridia, Heterakis isolonche and Heterakis gallinarum were also identified from the fecal samples. The ectoparasites included one species of burrowing mite Knemidocoptes mutans and two species of chewing lice i.e. Amyrsidea perdicis and Lipeurus maculosus.
Some Helminthes Parasites Infecting Wild Birds at Edko, Behira Province, Egypt
Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2015
The present study was done to show the prevalence of parasitic infection in some species of wild birds and describe the morphology of collected parasites. 7 Cattle egret (Bubulucus ibis), 16 Moorhen (Gallinula ch. Choloropus), 6 Migrant quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix),1 King fisher (Alcedo atthis) and 8 House sparrow (Passer domesticus) were examined for parasitic infection from March 2014 to June 2015. After parasitological examination to gastrointestinal tract of each bird found 3 (18.75 %) out of 16 Moorhen infected by Cyclocelum microstomum, 5 (71.42 %) out of 7 Cattle egret infected by Desportesius invaginatus, 6 (85.71 %) out of 7 Cattle egret infected by Apatemon gracilis, 2 (33.3 %) out of 6 Migrant quail infected by Heterakis gallinurm and Spiniglans microsoma. and 3 (37.5 %) out of 8 House sparrow infected by Cyathocotyle sp .1 (12.5 %) out of 8 House sparrow infected by Monopylidium musculosum. the highest infection found in Cattle egret (100%) but low infection occur in King fisher 0%.
Helminths Fauna in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Some Domesticated and Non
This study aimed with the spotting and evaluation of the current status of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminths of domesticated and non-domesticated birds of district Karak different localities. For this purpose we captured/collected 120 birds of 10 selected species. Overall helminths prevalence was recorded 68% (82/120), highest in wild crows 83% (10/12) followed by wild quails 75% (09/12) while lowest recorded in night-angle 50% (06/12). The identified species of parasites belonging to nematodes were, namely, Heterakis gallinae 64% (53/82), Strongyloides avium 57% (47/82), Gongylonema ingluvicola 51% (42/82), Ascaridia galli 47% (39/82), Trichius trichiura (whipworm) 86% (71/82), Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) 89% (73/82), the cestodes were, namely, Raillietina echinobothrida 59% (49/82), Raillietina cesticillus 57% (47/82) , Raillietina tetragona 46% (38/82), Hymenolepis carioca 39% (32/82) and the trematodes were, namely, Ascocotyle 51% (42/82), Cercarioides 62% (51/82) Echinostoma trivolvus 63% (52/82). Present study demonstrated that feeding behaviour and gender of birds play a vital role in the prevalence and infection of avi-fauna of District Karak.
In most rural villages of Rampur District of Uttar Pradesh, poultry are left to scavenge around housing compounds during the daytime to obtain whatever feed they may be able to find in the environment, often offal, insects or seeds. Owing to these free range and scavenging habits, traditional village poultry are in permanent contact with soil and insects (Pandeyet al. 1992). Indian soils, especially when humid and warm, may serve as an important reservoir and transmission site for external larval stages of helminthes. Similarly, any insects that may act as vectors for helminths are also favored by such climatic conditions. Scavenging is important nutritionally but exposes birds to parasites. Free-range chickens have been found to be severely infected with helminthes (especially nematodes and cestodes) (Moyaet al., 1979; Amin-Babjeeet al., 1997; Magwishaet al., 2002). Infections occur after ingestion of helminth eggs or intermediate hosts, like cockroaches, grasshoppers, ants, and earthworms (Soulsby, 1982). Helminth infections cause reductions in food intake, injury to the intestinal wall and haemorrhage, resulting in poor weight gain of the host (Ackert and Herrick, 1928; Ikeme, 1971a; Samadet al., 1986).
Checklist and state of knowledge of helminths in wild birds from Chile: an update
2021
Helminths are an important component of biodiversity with over 24,000 species parasitising wild birds globally, with this figure on the rise given the growing interest in wildlife parasitology. The present study aimed to establish an updated baseline of the helminthological surveys on wild birds from Chile. Available publications were reviewed to build a parasite-host association checklist and also to discuss the state of knowledge regarding these parasites. A total of 92 publications were found between the years 1892 and 2019. Regarding helminth parasites, 174 taxa belonging to 3 phyla and 37 families were recorded, 114 taxa were identified at species level, with the rest remaining incompletely described. Also, 4 taxa corresponded to new genera and 16 to new at species for science. The most reported parasites were platyhelminthes (53.9%) followed by nematodes (36.2%) and acanthocephalans (9.2%). Sixty-five avian species from 19 orders have been recorded as hosts, with most of them ...
2012
Ectoparasites increase birds' morbidity by sucking blood and causing irritation to them hence affect their economic production. In the current study comparative prevalence of ectoparasites was studied in domesticated and wild black (Francolinus francolinus) and grey partridges (Francolinus pondicerianus) from Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa province of Pakistan. Sixteen species of ectoparasites, including eight lice, four mite, three tick and one flea species, were collected from 88 out of 110 (80%) wild/domesticated black and grey partridges by using standard methods and identified by using taxonomic keys. 53 grey partridges and 20 wild) were infested by seven lice species (Menopon gallinae, Goniocotes gall, Menacanthus stramineus, Genero columbicola, Lipeurus caponis, Brueelia coquimbana, Coculogaster heterographus), three species of ticks (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, Ixodes pacificus, Amblyomma maculatum) 2 species of mites (Ornithonyssus syliarum, Dermanyssus gallinae) and a flea species (Pulex irritans). While 57 black partridges (35 domesticated and 22 wild) were infested by 7 species of lices (Coculogaster heterographus, Brueelia coquimbana, Menacanthus stramineus, Genero columbicola, Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Goniodes gigas), four species of mites (Tyroglyphus spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus syliarum, Sternostoma tracheacolum), two species of ticks (Ixodes pacificus, Amblyomma americanum) and a flea specie (Pullex irritans).
First report of birds infection by intestinal parasites in Khorramabad, west Iran
Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2014
Parasitic infections in birds are omnipresent, even when they occur in low amounts, may result in subclinical diseases. There aren't any studies, based on Iranian data, investigating the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in some birds' species. We conducted a crosssectional study between December 2011 and December 2012. The fecal samples were taken from 451 birds including hen, turkey, sparrow, pigeon and decorative birds. The samples screened for intestinal parasitic infections using direct smear, formalin-ether concentration technique, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Culture in RPMI 1640 medium, sporulation with potassium dichromate and Trichrome and Giemsa staining. Out of 451 birds' species, 157 (34.8 %), were infected with one or more type of intestinal parasites. We identified two nematode, two cestoda species and five protozoan parasites species. No trematodes were found in the samples studied. The parasites identified among birds involved Raillietina spp. (4.2 %) and Eimeria spp. (7.1 %) were the most common helminthes and protozoa respectively. From total of birds study, 12 (2.7 %) and 6 (1.3 %) have two and three mixed infections respectively. Intestinal parasitic infections are common in birds in west Iran. The future studies are needed in order to determine to which extent the infections influence mortality and performance of the birds.