Higher Education and Economic Development - Perspective and Prospects (original) (raw)

Higher Education in India – Opportunities, Changes and Challenges

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013

Emerging India owes its newfound growth to tertiary sector in general and tertiary education in particular. India, known as the ancient seat of learning has grown into a knowledge economy. In the present era of knowledge driven economy the role of higher education becomes instrumental in the overall socioeconomic development of any region or country. Changes in the form and functions of education-individually and institutionally-need to be studied also in context of inclusive growth, taking into account two key variables viz. finance and gender. Disparities in terms of regions, resources and outcomes are still visible despite internationalisation of higher education and formalisation of quality. The situation is not conducive for enhancing employability of graduates and productivity of labour. We, therefore, call for managed expansion of higher education and careful integration with manpower planning. This paper discusses opportunities, changes and challenges related to financing, equity of conditions at access into and during the course of studies, and career choice and advancement. We also suggest strategies (including accreditation/reaccreditation) needed for fine tuning higher education to make it compatible with the needs of both the corporate world and the civil society. Global/local realities and expectations are analysed as part of (human) development challenges and goals. The broader goal is to balance the objectives of knowledge-growth and knowledge-utilisation that take into account both the text and

Issues, Challenges, and Suggestions in Indian Higher Education

World Journal of English Language, 2022

The world has understood that the education structure of a state has a direct impact on its financial growth. Knowledge is a country's most valuable resource.A well-educated nation is usually a developed country. India has the globe's third largest higher educational system, behind the United Kingdom and China. Since independence, India has made slow but steady development in the realm of education. Although India's advanced education system has faced several obstacles, it also has numerous chances to overcome these issues and improve the higher education system. In current study, authors has discussed about the various challenges and issues faced by the Indian higher education system and also the strategies to resolve the issues. The function of colleges and institutions in the new century, as well as rising scientific knowledge on how individuals learn, all need increased openness and accountability. India needs highly qualified and educated individuals who can propel our economy ahead. As a result of India's ability to offer highly trained individuals to other nations, it is very simple for India to transition from a emerging to advanced country. This study will help in future study to understand the situation of advanced education in India.

A critical appraisal of higher education and economic development in India

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 2012

Today, the stark reality is that even after 62 years of independence, India still has not been able to ensure a minimum quality of life to its citizens. The million-dollar question confronting India is whether leading economic power with poor show of human development can present a model of sustainable, equitable and inclusive growth that the nation aspires for? Certainly not, there is a need for some turn around strategies, which primarily include a change in the education system. Education which is a prerequisite for all type of development recipes is presently in a bad shape in India. Why is India still a developing country? What is stopping it from becoming a developed country? These questions strike the mind every time when one considers the state of India's educational system. Therefore, this research paper throws light on the 'ins' and 'outs' of higher education in India.

The Scenario of Higher Education in India; challenge and elucidation

2017

The role of the higher education in the national development is well established. A significant growth in this sector has been observed in the last six decades. The fact is Indian Higher Education System Network is largest in the world with maximum number of affiliated and constituent colleges or institutions. This has also contributed significantly in the economic growth of the India. When India introduced its first five year plan there were 28 Universities, 695 colleges and 1,74000 students in comparison of today's more than 700 universities and 36,000 affiliated colleges enrolling nearly 30 million students which makes about 18 per cent Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India, the scene is quite complex. With all these institutions, nearly 86 per cent of students are enrolled in bachelor's degree programs with about 74 per cent enrolling in three-year B.A., B.Com. or B.Sc. degrees. One-sixth of all Indian students are enrolled in engineering/technology de...

HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

In India, the higher education scene has swiftly evolved, especially in the past two decades. This rapid progress has been primarily attributed to the various initiatives, undertaken by the private sector. However, these advancements have also been a matter of concern, regarding their standard and exploitation. The government has been repeatedly contradictory and inconsistent, in defining the role of private sector in higher education. Such an approach has resulted in chaotic and unplanned growth. The attempts to uphold standards and check exploitation, by the regulatory bodies have proved futile. Nevertheless, the system is responsible for the numerous formidable entry barriers, which have resulted in underside results. Private players in the education sector are reluctant to undergo voluntary accreditation, and are therefore, pointless for its stakeholders. Since independence, the higher education system in India has escalated new heights. [1] By 1980 itself, the number of universities and colleges in the country grew to 132 and 4738, respectively. These institutions catered to around five percent of the eligible age group population. Today, it has grown by leaps and bounds. In terms of enrollment alone, India ranks third in the world (after China and the USA). India ranks first, with regard to the number of institutions, with 348 universities and 17625 colleges. The types of universities and colleges catering to higher education, vary with the country. The variation may be academic, administrative or financial. Universities are permitted under an Act of Parliament (central universities), or by the state legislatures (state universities). In addition, a few higher education institutions are granted the 'deemed university' status, by the central government, through gazette notifications. The Parliament/state legislatures may also designate certain institutions, as having national importance. However, all these institutes of higher learning are permitted to grant degrees. The higher education system in India, has developed in a chaotic and unplanned manner. The drive to make higher education, socially inclusive has led to a sudden and dramatic increase, in numbers of institutions without a proportionate increase in material and intellectual resources. This has resulted in a drop in academic standards. In addition, there is an inadequacy with regard to infrastructure and facilities. Higher education institutions, have large vacancies in faculty positions, employ poor faculty and use outmoded teaching methods. This has resulted in declining research standards, unmotivated students, overcrowded classrooms and widespread geographic, income, gender and ethnic divides. Most institutions do not receive financial support, from either the government or the society. This is more, so among colleges established in rural areas, as they are non-viable, are under–enrolled, have poor infrastructure and facilities and employ only a few teachers. The system of higher education has met further impediments within its regulatory framework. The much debated and controversial move of privatization of higher educational institutions, has also been a stumbling block to its flourishment. These fundamental concerns are identified and addressed in the paper.

Higher Education in India: Challenges, Opportunities, Trends and Priorities

University News, 2017

Higher education is pivotal for developing a modern economy, building a vibrant society and promoting a right leadership. It equips young people with skills relevant for the market demands and provides the opportunity for mobility across the nations through education and employment. The profound economic transformation that occurring around the world, the ever changing needs of the society and the demand for value based leadership challenging the role of higher education, where the sustainability relies upon creation of an arduous knowledge based economy, society and governance.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, 2023

The world has witnessed the dynamic changes in the society of every country in these modern and postmodern eras. This rapid change in the society is due to the spread of education in almost every corner of the world. The country may be develop or developing but the progress of any nation is highly dependent on the quality of education it is providing to its citizen. The education system of India started from the ancient era and it has witnessed many changes in the education system of the nation. Today India stand as the third largest in the world in terms of Higher Education system. The Indian Higher Education system took long journey to arrive to the present status. India overcome many challenges to provide quality higher education to the deserving citizen of the country. The role of education is very vital for the prosperous development of the nation. Therefore, the government of India is al trying its level best to make the education fulfilled the social needs of the nation. The nation has introduced National Education Policy 2020, which outlines the vision of new education system in India. The India as a country has huge potential to emerge as develop nation with strong political wills backed by visionary education system.

Indian Higher Education: Trends, Growth & Challenges

2015

It is widely recognised that higher education promotes social and economic development by enhancing human and technical capabilities of any country like India. It provides an opportunity to critically reflect upon the social, economic, cultural, moral and spiritual issues facing humanity. It contributes to national development through dissemination of specialized knowledge and skills. Indian higher education system has undergone massive expansion since independence in terms of growth, enrolment. Keeping in above backdrop, the present paper is an attempt to analyze the trend in growth and challenges of Indian higher education system in the present era. It is clear from the analysis that there has been considerable improvement in the higher education in India in both quantitative as well as qualitative terms. But issues like access, equity, inclusion, quality, privatization and financing concerning higher education, are very complex and interrelated with political, economical geograph...

Higher Education in India-Issues, Challenges & Probable Suggestions

2016

This present paper has aim to investigate and analyse the issues, challenges and provide probable suggestions for Higher Education in India. The analytical research method is used in this study. There are several issues and challenges are working in Higher Education in India i.e. poor infrastructure facilities, deficiency of qualified teachers, lack of scope for faculty training, qualification, insufficient quality Higher education institutions, erosion of values, failure to understand real goal of country, lack of motivation, creativity and life skills, lack of Pedagogical knowledge, insufficient technological facilities, lack of job opportunity after completion of course or degrees, problems in course structure, ICT Problem, financing problem, less payment of salaries, irregularity in jobs etc. This paper will present probable valuable suggestions and solutions with reference to development of infrastructure of higher education, increase use of technology and ICT in Higher Educati...

POTENTIAL CHALLENGES OF HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

The Indian Education System comprises of formal and informal network of education institutes. With economic growth and enhanced technology it has become necessary to develop the structure of the Indian education sector. Funds are a major concern in the market though the government has taken many initiatives for the development of education infrastructure which can be fulfilled by private players. India has one of the largest Higher Education systems in the world. The present study aims to emphasize the potential challenges of higher education system in India. The higher education sector, in recent decades, has witnessed of a marvelous enlargement in many aspects such as its institutional capacity, enrolment, teacher-student ratio, etc. The Paper highlights the causes and problems of Higher Education System in India.