Avian Aspergillosis: A Potential Occupational Zoonotic Mycosis Especially in Egypt (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Fungi
The ubiquitous fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus are able to proliferate in a large number of environments on organic substrates. The spores of these opportunistic pathogens, when inhaled, can cause serious and often fatal infections in a wide variety of captive and free-roaming wild birds. The relative importance of innate immunity and the level of exposure in the development of the disease can vary considerably between avian species and epidemiological situations. Given the low efficacy of therapeutic treatments, it is essential that breeders or avian practitioners know the conditions that favor the emergence of Aspergillosis in order to put adequate preventive measures in place.
Overview of Aspergillosis a Fungal Disease in Poultry and Its Effect on Poultry Business
2022
Aspergillus fumigatus is the causative agent of the aspergiliousis and it is an infectious disease caused by the fungus. The infection is caused by the inspiration of fungal spores and these spores also contaminate the egg and are transferred from the egg shell. This disease is commonly occurred in the acute and chronic form. Acute form occurs when the birds inhale large no of fungal spores and the chronic form occurs when the birds are immuno suppressant or weak immune system. Anorexia, gasping sound, dyspnoea are the clinical signs of the disease. Pea size granulomas white to yellowish color are the gross lesions pulmonary blood vessel congestion is seen microscopy. History, necropsy, sign symptoms and history are used for the diagnosis of the disease cultures of the fungus and biochemical changes are also involved during this process. There is no proper treatment of this disease and the way to control this disease is its prevention. Prevention of wet litter and soil proper fumigation and disinfection of the poultry utensils feeding and watering line sanitization are the best methods to prevent the disease and helpful in its control.
Review on Major Fungal Disease of Poultry
2017
Fungal infections are common in all kinds of poultry birds but are less prevalent as compared to bacterial and viral infections. Fungal diseases cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry either due to their direct infectious nature or due to production of mycotoxin, the secondary fungal metabolites produced in grains or poultry feed. Several fungi have created widespread destruction in the poultry industry and some of them cause direct harm to human health due to their zoonotic implications. Most of the fungal diseases of poultry occur sporadically but sometimes they may occur in the form of an outbreak. They are responsible for high morbidity and mortality, especially in young birds. Mycotoxin are the leading cause of producing immune suppressions in birds, which make them prone to several bacterial and viral infections leading to huge economic losses to the poultry industry. The control of fungal disease in poultry is difficult due to lack of proper bio-security me...
Outbreak of severe disseminated aspergillosis in a flock of ostrich ( Struthio camelus )
Mycoses, 2008
This study was undertaken to describe clinical, mycological and histopathological findings in black neck ostriches affected with severe aspergillosis in a flock including 80 birds, near Tehran, Iran. The signs included anorexia, depression, notable weight loss, diarrhoea, severe respiratory distress and death. Grossly, the lungs showed numerous white to yellow caseous nodules and the walls of the thoracic and abdominal air sacs were thickened with inflammatory exudates containing cellular debris, necrotic masses and green mold colonies. Multiple nodules were observed in the liver, spleen and gastrointestinal tract as well. Histopathologically, there were conidial heads and fungal hyphae in the air sacs and multifocal necrotic and granulomatous lesions with septated and dichotomously branched hyphae in various tissues, which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and GrocottÕs methenamine silver nitrate. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in various tissues taken from affected ostriches.
Aspergillosis: An important fatal mycotic disease of chicks
Aspergillosis, is an important highly infectious global fungal disease of avians as well as mammals. The disease is mainly caused by Aspergillus fumigates which occurs as saprobe in the environment. The source of infection is exogenous and chicks acquire the infection by inhalation of fungal conidia through the respiratory tract. The contaminated litter is often associated with cases of aspergillosis in chicks and turkeys. Acute aspergillosis in chicks is usually characterized by severe outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality, and results in great financial loss to the poultry industry.The demonstration of the fungal agent in the clinical specimens both by direct microscopy and cultural isolation is considered the gold standard of the diagnosis of aspergillosis. Good hygienic practices should be adopted in the poultry farms to combat this infectious mycosis which carries a high mortality in chicks. It is recommended that Narayan stain should be widely used in microbiology and public health laboratories to study the detailed morphology of the fungi which are implicated in various clinical disorders of humans as well as animals. In addition, the further research on the development of safe, potent and cheaper vaccine against Aspergillus fumigates infection in chicks will be rewarding.
Aspergillosis in domestic and wild birds from Argentina
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science
Aspergillus species are widely distributed throughout the world and can develop parasitic and saprophytic ways of life, allowing Aspergillus to infect living hosts, including plants, insects, birds and mammals. The most common form of aspergillosis in poultry and other birds is respiratory infection. Clinical manifestations depend on the infective dose, pre-existing diseases, and the immune response of the host. The aim of the present research was to study aspergillosis in domestic and wild birds from Argentina. We carried out morphological and molecular identification, and determination of antifungal susceptibility against seven antifungal drugs. Six birds from different cities of Buenos Aires Province of Argentina were studied. Three of the samples belonged to broiler chicks, while the other three belonged to an eagle, a pheasant, and a kelp gull. Two isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus by morphological characteristics and growth at 50 °C. Morphology and BenA sequenc...
The diagnosis of aspergillosis in birds
Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 2000
The diagnosis of aspergillosis can prove to be a difficult challenge for the avian veterinarian. The diagnosis is based on the cumulative findings resulting from a thorough physical examination, appropriate hematologic and chemistry panel analyte analysis, radiography, endoscopy and laparoscopy, culture, and other ancillary diagnostic tests. Despite many of the advances made in diagnostic ability, the diagnosis is not as easy as it seems. The current methods for the detection and diagnosis of aspergillosis are reviewed.
The occurrence of aspergillosis in flock of turkey poults
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2012
Aspergillosis is frequent fungal disease of different avian and mammal species, caused by infection by the fungi of genus Aspergillus. The disease is characterized by inflammatory changes in the respiratory system and sometimes has generalized onset when more organ systems are affected. In this paper, we examined a flock of turkey poults, 21 days old, at one farm in Serbia. Clinical signs of central nervous system in the form of ataxia, torticollis, paresis and paralysis of legs and wings were observed. The mortality rate in the flock was 7,2 %. In ten out of twelve necropsied turkey poults multiple yellowish-white granulomas, one to three millimeters in diameter on lungs were found. In nine out of twelve necropsied turkey poults solitary yellowish-white granuloma, three to five millimeters in diameter on sagital section of the cerebrum or cerebellum were found. Mycological finding revealed fungi Aspergillus fumigatus. For the evaluation of histopathological changes in lung and brai...
Diagnosis and Treatment of Aspergillosis in An Ostrich Flock
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009
This study consists of the clinical, microbiological and pathological findings, and the results of Amphoterisin B and Biostarter for supported treatment, of focal aspergillosis in a flock of ostriches. The clinical signs were listlessness, anorexia, diarrhoea, increased respiration, dyspnoea, and mucoid discharge from the nostrils. At post-mortem examination caseous nodules were observed in various organs. Histopathological examination of the lungs, air sacs and the pleural membrane showed in different sizes in different parts of necrosis in the center of the surrounding foreign body giant cells, epitheloid macrophages, lymphocytes and granulomas surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue. In treatment, Amphotericin B and Biostarter was given orally as a supported treatment. There were no sick birds after the treatment. As a conclusion, aspergillosis could be treated with amphotericin B and as a supported treatment Biostarter, especially in the early stages of the disease.
2014
The present study was carried out to investigate the pathology of avian aspergillosis in commercial broiler chickens at Chittagong district. A total of 912 sick and dead chickens were collected from 20 commercial broiler farms and diagnosed for avian aspergillosis on the basis of clinical signs, symptoms and postmortem findings. The suspected birds were collected for necropsy examination and mycological culture. Gross lesions of multiple hard creamy to yellow colored, circumscribe plaques throughout the lungs surface and consolidated lung with necrotic areas were observed. Microscopically, the typical nodules consisted of caseous necrotic center were present. Identified the Aspergillus spp according to their color of colony growth on Potato Dextrose Agar media. The overall incidence of avian aspergillosis was found 6.14%. Among five Upazilla, significantly (p<0.007) higher and lower incidence was found in Patenga and Sitakunda that were 9.25% and 3.43% respectively. It was observed that highest incidence (8.22%) in rainy and lowest (3.16%) in winter but moderate (5.16%) in summer season. The disease was significantly (p<0.050) higher (8.27%) in age between 6-10 days and lower (4.11%) in age between 0-5 days. It was also found that incidence of avian aspergillosis was significantly (p<0.042) higher in flocks reared on sawdust litter (7.69%) as compared to rice husk litter (3. 46%).