Impact of anxiety and tourists' habits on their intention to vacation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Treatment effect analysis (original) (raw)
Related papers
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift
Sustainability
Without a doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on global tourism for at least two reasons: (1) imposed systematic travel restrictions that discourage people from traveling even though they would like to; and (2) increased travel anxiety due to the perceived risk of the COVID-19 virus, causing people to change their typical travel behavior. This study aims to explore the role of Covid-19 in shaping future travel behavior. More specifically, following the general model of vacation behavior and the role of risk in travel behavior, we investigate how COVID-19 influences travelers’ perceptions of risk and how this affects planned vacation behavior. The results show that COVID-19 risk perception per se influences typical forms of vacation behavior, but this risk also leads to the development of travel anxiety, which additionally influences only some forms of vacation behavior. Empirical findings show that general anxiety, which is not associated with Covid-19 risk perc...
The impact of COVID-19 outbreak towards the post-pandemic leisure travel intention
Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts, 2021
There are studies related to COVID-19 pandemic across various sectors, including social, psychology, and specific industries, e.g., tourism. Several countries have imposed travel restrictions to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks and it may lead to travel behaviour changes for their residents. This research contributes to the existing knowledge by providing a new point of view, by extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) along with additional determinants of travellers' post-pandemic behavioural intentions, namely cognitive and affective risk perception and non-pharmaceutical interventions. This study focused on Indonesian residents who intended to travel abroad for vacation in 2020, but their plan was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected using a convenience sampling technique and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The PLS-SEM enables us to predict the key factors that affect post-pandemic travel intentions. The res...
Turizam
The COVID-19 outbreak has miserably disrupted the tourism industry and the travelling life style of people. Since the outbreak is still ongoing, it is presumed that the intention and behaviour of people towards travelling will change. Thus, in this context, the study employs empirical research to examine the travel intentions of travellers during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies the behavioural changes that travellers may have experienced while visiting any destination during the pandemic. For this purpose, primary data was collected from 121 travellers randomly and analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, independent sample t-tests, and ANOVA, The result indicates that the travel intentions of the respondents are influenced by perceived behavioural control. It is also revealed that the respondents will only choose such destinations that have taken all the precautionary measures. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the t...
To Travel or Not: Travel Intention During Post-Pandemic Times
Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the tourism industry in various ways, including tourists’ travel intentions. Unlike previous studies that have focused on the dark side of the pandemic, this study adds the dimension of perceptions of information on COVID-19, social groups, and perceived travel risk to explore their influence on travel intention. A total of 250 valid questionnaires were collected from a sample of Malaysian private university students. The results showed that students’ traveling intention for local or international destination in the forthcoming year following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak is significantly high. In addition, the travel intention of Malaysian students was formed from the direct roles of COVID-19 information, social groups, and perceived travel risks. Perhaps, these students start travel plans when they feel the pandemic was under control by the government especially the statistics of affected people revealed by the Ministry of Health shows a decre...
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 2021
The pandemic caused a number of changes in tourism, which require proper adjustment measures. Hence, learning about the mechanisms that motivate people to go on tourist trips during the epidemiological threat and identification of factors hindering the tendency to travel is of vital importance for determining the directions of such measures. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of studies illustrating the impact of perception of risk related to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus, reactance caused by epidemiological restrictions and health protection motivation with respect to tourist trips during the pandemic, as well as determination of force of impact of factors moderating the relationships above, i.e. immunization against SARS-CoV-2 or recovery from COVID-19, gender, age or education. Given the fact that the issue of changes in human behavior in the context of the pandemic is nowadays a vital element of the scientific discourse, the paper also features numerous references to the most recent publications dealing with the impact of the pandemic on the behavioral intention, reactions of people to epidemiological restrictions or health protection behavior in the period of epidemiological threat. The constructed model of dependency between the behavioral intention to go on a tourist trip and the factors that were studied was verified with the use of results of an empirical survey carried out in June 2015 on a sample of 1,615 persons. The paper also presents several implementation postulates that may offer guidelines for persons running tourist businesses and offer inspiration for further actions.
The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic: How are the Future Tourist Behavior
Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science 33(4): 67-76, 2020; Article no.JESBS.57217 ISSN: 2456-981X, 2020
Aims: This research examines tourist travel intentions after the end of the pandemic. Study Design: Descriptive quantitative study. Place and Duration of Study: Research from February-April 2020 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methodology: This research is a descriptive study describing the current situation using a quantitative approach. Probability sampling with simple random sampling. Data collection using survey methods by distributing online questionnaires (Google Form) through WhatsApp broadcast messages and reach 128 respondents. Simple quantitative data analysis. Results: The travel preferences are (78%), or the majority of respondents said they would go back on tour. About (65%) will return to travel in the near term, which is 0-6 months after the pandemic is declared over, of the type of tourism desired by respondents is nature tourism by (66%), The majority of the desired tour duration is short-period, which is 1-4 days. The survey results show that travel intention mean value is higher than travel anxiety. Conclusion: Empirical predictions of tourist behavior after this pandemic ends. There are passion and optimism that tourism will recover faster because the majority of respondents in this study have planned when and where they will immediately after COVID-19 pandemic end with new travel preferences.
How Covid-19 Outbreak Affects Tourists' Travel Intentions? A Case Study In Turkey
HOW COVID-19 OUTBREAK AFFECTS TOURISTS’ TRAVEL INTENTIONS? A CASE STUDY IN TURKEY , 2020
This study aims to examine effects of COVID-19 outbreak on tourists’ travel intention. The study is an exploratory research that conducted in early April (2020) in Turkey. Purposive sampling was applied in the research. Research sample consists of 62 potantial tourists that live in Turkey and have habit of traveling at least once a year before COVID-19 outbreak. The research was adopted qualitative research method. A semistructured questionnaire was used in data collection. Findings showed that COVID-19 affects tourists both economically and psychologically negatively. Results indicated that COVID-19 outbreak changed tourists’ travel perspectives negatively based on feelings of fear, worry, risk, danger, insecurity and discomfort, and partially changed tourists’ trust to tourism businesses. Tourists mostly think traveling six months later after outbreak’ effects have ended. Tourists will be interest in special interest tourism such as nature-based tourism in post-COVID19, if their concerns about pandemic continue. In addition, this study revealed that potential tourists, who are both financially and temporally restricted, decide to cancel or delay their traveling plans in 2020.
COVID-19: Travel Intention and Restoring Travellers' Confidence
2021
COVID-19 Travel behaviour Travel intention Travellers' confidence The study examined the non-economic impact of COVID-19 on tourist behaviour, specifically from the perspective of travel intention and restoration of travellers' confidence in travelling again during and post-pandemic. Data were collected with an online questionnaire using the snowball sampling method. A total of 150 respondents completed the questionnaire. A descriptive statistical test was used to analyse the data collected. Research findings reveal a pessimistic outlook on travel intention. Individuals may feel sceptical and wait six months or longer before engaging in tourism activities again, even after the pandemic is brought under control. Most individuals may only be motivated to travel again when the COVID-19 vaccine becomes available. It was also discovered that when it comes to the restoration of travellers' confidence, measures that can be seen, calculated, or proved may work best, such as face...
Lessons from COVID-19: How the pandemic shaped tourists' travel intentions and willingness to fly
Cogent Social Sciences, 2024
This study investigated, using structural equation modelling, the causal relationships between tourists' perceived coViD-19 measures/situations, desire to travel, travel intention to destination, and willingness to fly. The moderating role of travel anxiety was also examined. Data were collected from 655 Thai tourists who had experienced air travel amid the coViD-19 pandemic in Thailand. The results showed the direct effects of perceived coViD-19 measures/situations on desire and travel intention but not on willingness to fly. Desire to travel mediated the relationships between perceived coViD-19 measures/situations and travel intention and between such perceptions and willingness to fly. results also revealed the direct effect of travel intention on the willingness to fly. The moderating role of travel anxiety was identified in determining the relationship between perceived coViD-19 measures/situations and desire to travel. The study offers insights into restoring tourists' confidence to travel during and after the pandemic and mitigating the negative impacts of an identical situation in the future.
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
The COVID-19 pandemic has extremely affected several industries including international travel and tourism. Many scholars have tried to describe the cause-effects of this major phenomenon. This study majorly aims to explore the relationship between risk perception and travel intention where stress level prone to COVID-19 quarantine serves as a moderating factor. The researchers believed that the influence of the dimensions of risk perception including social risk, psychological risk, physical risk, performance risk, financial risk and time risk on travel intention will be significant when the variable of stress level intervenes. This paper used a quantitative approach involving 409 respondents around the world. The data were gathered via online questionnaires facilitated by Google form and Wenjuanxing. The respective questionnaires were available in five languages (Chinese, English, Italian, French and Indonesian). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the...