Sudden Death by Ovarian Hemorrhage and Hemoperitoneum in a Pregnant Miniature Mare (original) (raw)
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Early embryonic death in mares: clinical and hormonal aspects
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim …, 1998
The present study aimed to diagnose early embryonic death in 128 mares. Blood samples were collected at the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 21st and 30th day after ovulation and the diameter of the corpus luteum was measured. The diameter and characteristics of the embryonic ...
Hemoperitoneum secondary to cecocolic dilation in a pregnant mare
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 2017
Hemoperitoneum is known as the abnormal accumulation of blood within the abdominal cavity, most commonly caused by gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal abscesses, liver tumors, migration of parasitic larvae (Strongylus vulgaris), direct trauma and blood clotting disorders. Lethargy, anorexia, weakness, muscle twitching, sweating, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and the accumulation of free fluid in the abdomen were the most commonly recorded signs. In this report, a pregnant mare was diagnosed with hemoperitoneum secondary to cecocolic dilatation, due to corn ingestion. The protocol for clinical treatment and tests varies in similar reported cases. Due to this, the present report discusses the outcome of a clinical case and suggests a medical protocol-based on evidence-for treatment in a pregnant mare. The treatment was aimed to stop the bleeding, while normalize or maintain a stable blood pressure and provide supportive therapy. The mare presented colic pains due to fermentation of the corn, which were solved in few hours. The final abdominal ultrasonogram showed intra-abdominal hypoechoic fluid and living fetus.
Hematologic and biochemical profiles in Standardbred mares during peripartum
Theriogenology, 2014
The purposes of this study were to determine physiological changes occurring in hematologic and biochemical parameters in mares between the last month of gestation and the first week after parturition. If a significant change was observed with respect to the reference interval of an adult horse, a further aim of the study was to establish different reference intervals. Blood samples were collected from 62 healthy pregnant Standardbred mares. Seventeen nonpregnant and nonlactating mares were used as a control group. In pregnant mares, blood sampling was conducted every three days from 1 month before the expected foaling date (335 days after the last mating), at parturition, and 7 days after foaling. The barren mares in the control group were sampled once. Results from samples collected 20 and 10 days before parturition, at parturition, and 7 days after were considered in the statistical analysis. A parametric method for all the parameters studied was used to establish reference intervals. Results were compared by repeated measures ANOVA. When significant differences were observed in relation to sampling time, a post hoc analysis was performed (Tukey test). The one-way ANOVA test followed by Dunnett's test was performed to evaluate the presence of a significant difference between each sampling time and the control group. Any significant difference in the blood count parameters at different sampling times was observed by repeated measure ANOVA. Hemoglobin (P < 0.01) and hematocrit (P < 0.01) 7 days after parturition and white blood cell count (P < 0.01) at parturition were significantly different from the control group. Erythrocyte indices and platelet count were within the normal reference intervals as established in the control group. In the biochemical panel, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, glucose, biliar acids, total protein, albumin-to-globulin ratio, and calcium were significantly different at different sampling times. Moreover, serum concentration of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, lactate, total protein, albumin, albumin-to-globulin ratio, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, potassium, and total, direct, and indirect bilirubin was different from that of the control group. Remarkable changes were not observed in alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, and fibrinogen concentrations. Temporal changes in the hematologic and biochemical parameters observed in the present study in the peripartum and the differences with reference intervals made up for nonpregnant and nonlactating mares could be used to better evaluate the conditions of periparturient mares.
Review Paper: Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome
Veterinary Pathology, 2008
An epidemic of early fetal loss (EFL), late fetal loss (LFL), fibrinous pericarditis, and unilateral uveitis which occurred during the spring of 2001, are together now known as the mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS). A similar epidemic with less intensity was reported during the same period of time from southern Ohio, West Virginia, and Tennessee. The same syndrome with lesser intensity recurred in 2002. The estimated economic loss from the syndrome in 2001 and 2002 together was approximately $500 million. Both EFL and LFL were characterized by the absence of specific clinical signs in aborting mares. Nonhemolytic Streptococcus spp. and Actinobacillus spp. accounted for 65% of the organisms isolated from fetuses submitted for a postmortem during the MRLS period in 2001 and 2002. The pathologic findings in fetoplacental units of LFL included bronchopneumonia and funisitis, and there were no findings in EFL. Epidemiologic studies conducted in 2001 suggested an association between the presences of eastern tent caterpillars (ETC) in pastures with MRLS. Experimental studies in pregnant mares by exposure to ETC, or administration by stomach tube or with feed material, reproduced EFL and LFL. Similar experimental studies in mouse, rats, and goats with ETC were unsuccessful. Currently, 2 hypotheses are proposed for MRLS. One hypothesis proposes that an ETC-related toxin with secondary opportunistic bacterial invasion of the fetus leads to MRLS. The second hypothesis suggests that a breach of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity by hairs of ETC leads to a bacteremia and results in MRLS. In 2004, a similar equine abortion storm was reported from Australia and caterpillar exposure was identified as a risk factor for the abortion. In 2006, the syndrome was observed in Florida and New Jersey.
Veterinary Surgery, 2010
Objective-To determine outcome after medical or surgical treatment of postpartum mares with confirmed or presumptive uterine tears. Study Design-Case series. Methods-Postpartum mares were included if foaling had occurred within 7 days and uterine tear was confirmed surgically or, in medically treated mares, by palpation or presumed based on peritonitis. Information (age, breed; physical examination, laboratory and abdominocentesis findings; treatment, survival rates, length of hospital stay, treatments costs, and breeding performance after discharge) was obtained from the medical records (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). The influence of variables was compared between medical and surgical treatment, and between survivors and nonsurvivors. Results-For 49 mares, survival was 75%, with no significant difference between medical (11/15; 73%) or surgical (26/34; 76%) treatment. Admission variables, treatment cost, duration of hospital stay, and likelihood of foaling after discharge were not significantly different between treatment groups. Nonsurvivors were significantly more likely to have gastric reflux, higher heart rate, anion gap, lower total CO 2 , and leukocyte count, compared with survivors. Tears were significantly (P ¼ .018) more likely to occur in the right uterine horn than in other parts of the uterus. Conclusions-Uterine tears occur more commonly in the uterine horns, more so the right horn, and survival is similar with surgical or medical treatment of uterine tears in postpartum mares. Clinical Relevance-Medical treatment may be a reasonable alternative to surgical treatment for uterine tears, although the severity of tear that can resolve with medical treatment is unknown, and medical therapy can be as expensive as surgical treatment. r
Mares admitted to a referral hospital for postpartum emergencies: 163 cases (1992-2002)
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 2005
Objective: To identify and describe the physical, historical, and clinicopathologic characteristics of diseases requiring emergency treatment in postpartum mares, and to evaluate the utility of these characteristics in making an accurate diagnosis in these mares. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: University large animal hospital. Animals: One hundred and sixty-three mares admitted for emergency treatment within 30 days following parturition between the years 1992 and 2002. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: Information obtained from the medical records included age, breed, date of admission, sex of the foal from this parturition, time from parturition to admission, duration of clinical signs prior to admission, and any report of dystocia or normal attended delivery, physical examination and clinicopathologic findings and diagnosis. Urogenital hemorrhage and large colon volvulus were the most common diagnoses, comprising 16.6% and 15.9% of total cases, respectively. Older mares were more likely to have a diagnosis of urogenital hemorrhage than younger mares. Mares with urogenital hemorrhage had a median age of 13 years and were admitted to the hospital significantly closer to parturition than mares with other diagnoses. Anemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypofibrinogenemia were significantly associated with a diagnosis of urogenital hemorrhage and occurred in 32%, 36%, and 26% of the mares with urogenital hemorrhage, respectively. Dystocia was more commonly reported (70%) in mares with metritis. Leukopenia was more common (88%) in mares with uterine tears. Conclusions: Careful evaluation of clinicopathologic data can aid the emergency clinician in making a correct diagnosis in postpartum mares with emergent problems. (J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2005; 15(3): 193-200)
Sudden Death of a Mare Caused by Rupture of Diaphragm
Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences, 2021
An 11 year old thoroughbred mare was presented in veterinary Clinical Complex of College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner with a history of abdominal pain. The mare was examined clinical and the condition is diagnosed as colic. The animal was kicking and rolling over the ground due to severe pain and treatment for colic was initiated immediately. Soon after, she was fall down and her respiratory rate increased suddenly and started trembling. She became recumbent and died within 10 minutes. A 22 cm long rent and rupture of the diaphragm was found in post mortem examination. The lungs were completely collapsed and there was severe hemothorax. The cause of death was determined to be hemorrhagic shock and asphyxia due to lungs collapse.