A polyaniline + polyethylene oxide mixture as a composite polymer positive electrode in solid-state secondary batteries (original) (raw)
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Electrochemical characteristics of polyaniline synthesized in the presence of ferrocenesulfonic acid
Synthetic Metals, 2002
Ferrocenesulfonic acid plays an important role in increasing the electrochemical polymerization rate of aniline. Polyaniline (PAnFc) prepared in the presence of ferrocenesulfonic acid has a rather high electrochemical activity at pH ! 4 compared with polyaniline (PAn) prepared in the absence of ferrocenesulfonic acid. The cyclic voltammograms of both PAn and PAnFc in 0.5 mol dm À3 Na 2 SO 4 with pH ! 4 show that the low electrochemical activities are caused by the low electron transfer ability of both polymers themselves. The study on the temperature dependence of the cyclic voltammograms at pH 5.0 indicates that there are two anodic peaks and two cathodic peaks for PAnFc, however, there are only one anodic peak and one cathodic peak for PAn at the temperature <60 8C in the potential range between À0.2 and 0.6 V (vs. SCE). Based on the results from the constant current discharge of polyaniline batteries, the capacity density and energy density of PAnFc are 124.0 A h kg À1 and 126.2 W h kg À1 , respectively, which are 1.58 and 1.47 times higher than the capacity density and energy density, respectively, of PAn. The FTIR spectrum of PAnFc is presented here. #
V.V. Abalyaeva, O.N. Efimov Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Acad. Semenov Ave., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432 Russian Federation e-mail: avva@icp.ac.ru doi: 10.15518/isjaee.2015.12.004 Referred 6 July 2015 Received in revised form 10 July 2015 Accepted 14 July 2015 The article discusses the features of electrochemical synthesis and behavior of polyaniline and polyaniline based composites doped by electroactive anions (EAA). It has been found that in some cases electroactive anion forms complex with the aniline molecule in electrolyte, which performs as initiator of polymerization. This provides acceleration of the initial stage of aniline electropolymerization. As a result, it becomes possible to prepare highquality corrosion resistant polyaniline coatings on non-noble metal electrodes. The composites based on polyaniline and nanocarbon materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide) have been prepared, which are promising for use in supercapacitors. Using EAA we developed electrochemical sensors to hydrogen and total content of antioxidants in food. Keywords: polyaniline, electroactive anions, doping, electrochemical behavior, applications.
Polyaniline as cathodic material for electrochemical energy sources
Electrochimica Acta, 2009
Polyaniline layers of different morphologies ranging from open and "sponge-like" structures to compact and "pebble-like" surfaces were synthesized from perchlorate solutions and employed as cathode in the galvanic cell with Zn anode and NH 4 Cl/ZnCl 2 electrolyte. Cathodic properties of synthesized layers were investigated by the constant current charging/discharging method in 500 cycles. Specific charge capacities and specific energies obtained form the current-time curves strongly depend on the morphology of investigated layers and discharge conditions. The results unambiguously show that charging/discharging reaction of polyaniline layers is limited to relatively thin layer at polymer/solution boundary. Specific charge capacities are inversely related to both the polymer thickness and the discharge current density. In the limit of zero current densities the specific charge capacity as high as 245 A h kg −1 could be achieved for porous structures of polyaniline layers. Specific capacitance higher than 400 F g −1 obtained at 2 mA cm −2 current density makes polyaniline a promising material for the application in electrochemical supercapacitors. The electrochemical behaviour of the layers was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy before and after 500 cycles of charging/discharging experiments. Both, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that some polyaniline layers develop an increased charged transfer resistance at the carbon support/polymer interface during charging/discharging process. The increased charge transfer resistance does not affect the overall specific charge of the layers. The low-frequency capacities in impedance spectra are attributed to charging/discharging of polymer/electrolyte interface and seem to be related to the specific charge capacities obtained by extrapolation to zero current density discharge reaction.
Electrochemical behaviour of stand-alone polyaniline–poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films
Journal of Taibah University for Science, 2014
In this report, we investigate the electrochemical capacitance and redox behaviour of a stand-alone polyaniline-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film cast on an insulating substrate (normal printer paper) and compared it with an electrochemically synthesized composite film deposited on a gold electrode. The stand-alone composite film showed timescale-dependent, wide range charging-discharging redox cycling and high electrochemical capacitance in potentiodynamic electrochemical experiments carried out in 1 M HCl solution.
Polyaniline as possible anode materials for the lead acid batteries
Journal of Power Sources, 2008
Electrochemically formed thin film polyaniline (PANI) anode and lead dioxide (PbO 2 ) cathode, obtained from sulfuric acid solution, for potential applications as electrode materials in PANI|H 2 SO 4 |PbO 2 aqueous based rechargeable power sources, have been studied using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic techniques. Based on the investigations of half cell reactions, the simulation of the charge/discharge characteristic of the possible cell has been done.
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2002
In this study, the polyaniline films of emeraldine base(EB) and lucoemeraldine base(LEB) form chemically doping with poly(sodium-4 styrenesulfonate, PSS) were prepared by casting the mixed solution of chloroform and m-cresol on ITO(indium tin oxide) electrode. By analyzing UV-vis spectra of the mixed solutions, the effects of the secondary doping by mcresol were obtained. And the conductivity of polyaniline film was increased with increasing m-cresol content. The results suggest that the improvement of conductivity obtained by secondary doping results primarily from interaction of polyaniline and m-cresol. As the results of analyzing cyclic voltammograms, it was known that the redox peak currents of polyaniline electrode prepared from LEB were larger and more reversible than those of polyaniline electrodes prepared from EB. The charge transfer resistances(R ct) of polyaniline electrodes were reduced with increasing m-cresol content, and LEB/PSS electrodes were smaller than EB/PSS electrodes. This result agrees to the analysis of the redox peak current of cyclic voltammograms. The solution resistance and the capacity of electrical double layer almost unchanged in all prepared polyaniline electrodes. It was confirmed that solution resistance was independent of frequency factor in AC impedance spectra. Also the polyaniline film doping with PSS was revealed pseudo n-type characteristics of conducting polymer.
Effect of temperature on the electrochemical synthesis and properties of polyaniline films
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2010
The effect of temperature on the electrochemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and on the electrochemical properties of the resulting polyaniline (PANI) film was studied. The electrochemical deposition of PANI has been carried out on platinum at different temperatures. Three different films (PANI-25, PANI-40 and PANI-60) have been prepared at 25, 40 and 60°C by electrochemical polymerization and characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Increasing the synthesis temperature leads to an increase of the polyaniline films thickness from 0.4 to 0.9 lm and, respectively, 1.1 lm, associated with an increase of the films capacitances from 3 Â 10 À2 F cm À2 to 7 Â 10 À2 F cm À2 and 10 Â 10 À2 F cm À2 . The impedance measurements showed that only PANI-25 and PANI-40 exist in the conductive state over a large potential window, while PANI-60 has an intermediate behavior at low and high electrode potentials.
Study of the Electrical Characteristics of Polyaniline Prepeared by Electrochemical Polymerization
Energy Procedia, 2012
Polyaniline (PAni) is one of imported polymer for synthesis solar cells .The quality of film depended on the method of polymerization. In this research PAni have been prepared by the electrochemical polymerization of aniline on stainless steel electrode. The electrical conductivity of these films was measured by two-probe method .The electrical conductivity is influenced by preparation conduction such as concentration of H 2 SO 4 and current density .The conductivity between (0.1 -10 -10 ) S/cm depends on PH and current density . The best electrical conductivity about (0.1) S/cm was found PH at (4.2) and current density 0.3mA/cm2.