Bioaccumulation, Depuration of Heavy Metals (As, Cd, Pb) and Metabolism of These Metals in Body of Mussels (Maretrix Lyrata) During 20 Days in Artificial Media of Culture (original) (raw)
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Metabolism in the rat of cadmium biocomplexes from edible mussels exposed to /sup 109/CdCl/sub 2/
1985
The metabolism in the rat of %d biocomplexes present in the tissues of the edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, previously exposed to ro9CdC12, was studied. The tissue distribution and binding of "%Zd were compared to those caused by an equal dose of '"'Cd as CdClz or rat liver Cd-metallothionein. Administration of mussel '?d to rats resulted in an initial accumulation of "'Cd in the kidneys due to the presence of '09Cd-metallothionein. which constituted 25% of the '09Cd in the tissues of the mussels. Other lo9Cd biocomplexes present in the mussel tissues were metabolized in the rat in a way similar to that of inorganic cadmium, i.e., initial accumulation in the liver. These findings indicate that the ingestion of seafood rich in metallothionein may give rise to a faster increase of renal cadmium levels than the COnSumptiOn of a similar amount of inorganic cadmium. &I 1985 Academic Press. Inc.
Metabolism in the rat of cadmium biocomplexes from edible mussel exposed to 109CdCl2
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 1985
The metabolism in the rat of %d biocomplexes present in the tissues of the edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, previously exposed to ro9CdC12, was studied. The tissue distribution and binding of "%Zd were compared to those caused by an equal dose of '"'Cd as CdClz or rat liver Cd-metallothionein.
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Heavy metal pollution of coastal areas due to anthropogenic activity has become a global problem with serious environmental consequences. Various marine organisms have been employed as bioindicators for pollution, and expanding the scientific arsenal with such organisms is a continuing research objective. In this study, the effects of Pb pollution in seawater on two bivalves of different habitats were investigated. Mytilus galloprovincialis (a nearshore and intertidal rocky substrate inhabitant mussel) and Callista chione, (a sand-buried smooth clam), were exposed to a wide range of Pb concentrations in seawater for 20 days, followed by a 10-day depuration period, in a laboratory experiment. Gills, mantles and the remaining bodies of the two species were separated and the accumulated Pb was determined. The synthesis of Pb-induced proteins (metallothioneins and/or other proteins) was also investigated in the tissues of the two species by Ellman assays, Coomasie-stai...
Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2019
The aim of this study is to elucidate the toxicity induced by PbCl 2 , administered in graded doses (1; 2.5; 5 mg/L), in the redox state, in the fatty acid composition and in the histological structure of Mactra corallina digestive glands. Our findings showed a progressive accumulation of Pb in the M. corallina digestive glands in all treated groups. After 5 days of treatment with PbCl 2 , an increase in H 2 O 2 , MDA, PCO, GSH, NPSH and MT levels was observed in the digestive glands of treated groups. Moreover, activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as GPx and CAT, increased while SOD activity decreased in all treated groups, indicating a failure of the antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, the cholinergic function was evaluated by assessing the acetylcholinesterase activity, which was inhibited in all the treated digestive glands compared to the control group. In our experiment, the levels of n-3 (Omega-3) and n-6 (Omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids were greatly altered in the groups treated with 5 mg/ L of PbCl 2 (p < 0.001). Indeed, DHA and EPA decreased significantly in the digestive glands treated with 2.5 and 5 mg/L of PbCl 2 , respectively. On the other hand, under exposure to the medium and high doses (2.5 and 5 mg/L), arachidonic acid (ARA) and linoleic acid (LA) significantly increased (p < 0.001). These changes in PUFA were confirmed by significant modifications in the polyene and peroxidation indices. The histological findings confirmed the biochemical results. HIGHLIGHTS Integrated parameters were used to explore the toxic effect of PbCl 2 graded doses in Mactra corallina digestive gland. Metals accumulation in digestive glands of M. corallina was greatly dependent to dose of PbCl 2. Metabolic and macromolecules damaging of clams digestive glands were more sensitive at higher PbCl 2 doses. Fatty acids composition especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and essentials fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in clams digestive glands were intensively altered at higher PbCl 2 doses. Inflammation responses revealed in studied tissue.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2000
Laboratory acute bioassays (t ϭ 96 h) were used to determine the uptake, distribution, and elimination of cadmium and lead by the freshwater gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata. Experiments were conducted on nonpigmented and pigmented organisms separately. The influence of food and different concentrations of humic acids were also investigated. The results showed that, after the treatments, the digestive gland presented the highest level of metal uptake for both elements. Food did not prove to induce significant changes in the pattern of accumulation and distribution within the different tissues. Instead, different concentrations of humic materials modified the pattern of accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead but in a different way according to the metal. Elimination of cadmium from the soft tissues was considerably slow, presenting a redistribution over the time of depuration. Elimination of lead was faster in the digestive gland and gonads. After all the treatments, no significant differences were observed between nonpigmented and pigmented snails.
Effects of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn) on fish glutathione metabolism
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014
Tilapia zilli were exposed to the same concentration (1 mg/L) of essential (Cu, Zn) and non-essential (Cd, Pb) metals for 10 days so that these metals would accumulate in the liver, gill, brain and muscle tissues. Subsequently, the animals were transferred to uncontaminated water for a period of elimination, during which samples were taken at days 1, 7, 15 and 30.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009
Marine organisms are continuously exposed to heavy metals in their environment. Bivalve mollusks such as the blue mussel Mytilus edulis accumulate high levels of heavy metals effecting cellular homeostasis and functions. Lead (Pb) exposure (2.5 mg/L of lead (II) nitrate for 10 d) and depuration (10 d in clean seawater) experiments were conducted to study its intracellular fate in the gills and digestive gland of M. edulis. For this purpose, an antibody-based detection method for ultrastructural localization and a subcellular fractionation approach for chemical analysis of Pb were used. In addition, effects of Pb on enzyme activities involved in oxyradical scavenging, such as the conjugative enzyme glutathione-S-transferase and the antioxidative enzyme catalase, were determined. The ultrastructural studies showed that Pb was mainly detected in lysosomes of gill epithelial cells and digestive cells. Lead was also detected in cell nuclei and granular hemocytes. Higher metal concentrations were measured by chemical analysis in subcellular fractions of the gills compared to those of the digestive gland. Increased activities of glutathione-S-transferase were found in gills after exposure and remained elevated during the depuration period, whereas glutathione-S-transferase activity remained unaffected in the digestive gland. Catalase activities showed no changes after Pb exposure, neither in the gills nor in the digestive gland. We conclude that gill cells are major sites of uptake and accumulation for dissolved Pb and are involved in sequestration and detoxification of this metal in M. edulis.
Ecological Indicators, 2018
The main aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using a rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta as a bioindicatortor of organic and inorganic lead forms. The bioaccumulation of cadmium and zinc were determined as well. The influence of this parasite was determined regarding to the concentration of elements in the tissues of a definitive host, the white rat (Rattus norvegicus). Male Wistar rats were experimentally infected with H. diminuta and exposed to two different forms of lead (lead nitrate and lead bounded in Pistia stratiotes) for six weeks via oral exposure of the host. After the exposure period, the element levels were determined in the rat (liver, kidney, spleen, testes, muscles, bones and intestine) and tapeworm tissues with ICP-OES. Tapeworms in Pistia group accumulated 135.2, 98.4, 83.2, 45.1, 38.6 and 25.8 times more Pb concentrations than their hosts muscle, testes, intestine, liver, kidney and spleen, respectively. In Nitrate group, tapeworms accumulated from 2.7 (spleen) to 9.2, 9.5 and 9.6 (testes, liver and muscle, respectively) times higher concentrations than their hosts. Zn was accumulated up to 4.2 times higher in tissues of tapeworm. Cd levels were detected only in tissues of tapeworm, not in their host tissues. Pb concentrations were up to 12.9 times higher in tissues of non-parasitized than in parasitized rats. Lead from lead nitrate accumulated in higher levels than lead from Pistia stratiotes. This study confirmed the possibility of using H. diminuta as a Pb, Cd and Zn bioindicator of risk element pollution in the environment.
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2002
The synthesis of metallothioneins has been established for Mytilus edulis exposed to cadmium and mercury. We checked if this induction resulted in the synthesis of tissue-or metal-specific isoforms in the gills, the mantle, and the digestive gland that could be used as tool for the characterization of undefined metallic contamination of aquatic ecosystems. An accumulation of metals was observed in the selected organs after 21 days of exposure. The levels of metallothioneins measured by using the polarographic method were significantly increased by cadmium and mercury in the gills (21 days). Size exclusion chromatography showed the presence of a monomer and a dimer of metallothionein of respective apparent molecular weight about 12 kDa and 20 kDa in all samples. They were resolved into five components by anion exchange chromatography in the gills of control or Hg-treated mussels, whereas a sixth isoform was isolated in the gills of cadmium-exposed mussels. In the mantle of mussels exposed or not, five isoforms were separated, and in the digestive gland of mussels exposed or not, six isoforms were separated. The occurrence of a specific cadmium-binding isoform in the gills has to be confirmed in cadmium-contaminated specimens collected in situ before its detection may be used as biomarker of cadmium contamination.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
The bays of Skikda and Jijel present an ecosystem of great biological diversity and a significant economic interest (fishing and trading ports, industrial zones and tourism). They are threatened by the inputs of industrial effluents that are loaded with different substances, especially heavy metals. These pollutants have the distinction of being toxic and non-biodegradable, they accumulate in the different levels of the food chain which represents a danger for human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the impact of metal pollution in both bays via the study of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals namely, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in red mulletMullusbarbatusLinnaeus, 1758. Forty two (42) fish samples were obtained from 4 sites, 2 from bays of Skikda and 2 from bays of Jijel. After preparation, lyophilisation and mineralisation, samples were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for detection of Cd and Pb concentrations in µg/g of dry weights. Lead has reached the va...