Influence of Pregnancy and Lactation on Glucose Metabolism of Nubian Goats (original) (raw)
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Glucose metabolism in vivo in fed and 48 h starved goats during pregnancy and lactation
British Journal of Nutrition, 1982
1. Glucose turnover (i.e. glucose entry and utilization rates) in fed and 48 h starved goats during pregnancy 2. Glucose synthesis and utilization increased during pregnancy and lactation in fed but not in starved goats. 3. Recycling of glucose-C was approximately 10% in fed animals and 15-20% in starved animals and was unaffected by the stage of pregnancy or lactation. 4. Plasma glucose concentrations were maintained during pregnancy and lactation in fed goats but decreased during 48 h starvation in pregnant goats. Little change was seen in the plasma concentration of lipids and their metabolites during pregnancy and lactation in fed goats, but increases were observed after 48 h starvation. and lactation was determined using a continuous infusion of [U-14C]and [3-3H]glucose.
Glucose metabolism in vivo in fed and 48 h starved goats during pregnacy and lactation
British Journal of Nutrition, 1982
1. Glucose turnover (i.e. glucose entry and utilization rates) in fed and 48 h starved goats during pregnancy 2. Glucose synthesis and utilization increased during pregnancy and lactation in fed but not in starved goats. 3. Recycling of glucose-C was approximately 10% in fed animals and 15-20% in starved animals and was unaffected by the stage of pregnancy or lactation. 4. Plasma glucose concentrations were maintained during pregnancy and lactation in fed goats but decreased during 48 h starvation in pregnant goats. Little change was seen in the plasma concentration of lipids and their metabolites during pregnancy and lactation in fed goats, but increases were observed after 48 h starvation. and lactation was determined using a continuous infusion of [U-14C]and [3-3H]glucose.
Changes in maternal body composition and metabolism of dairy goats during pregnancy
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2015
The objective of this study was to evaluate the mobilization of nutrients in goats of different gestation types and pregnancy stages. Forty-four Saanen and Oberhasli goats were studied. The goats of each breed and gestation type (single or twin) were slaughtered at different gestational ages (80, 110, and 140 days of pregnancy), forming a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (two breeds, three gestational ages, and two types of pregnancy). The slaughter procedure involved separating the empty body, mammary glands, uterus with membranes and fetal fluid, and fetus(es). For the females slaughtered at 140 days of pregnancy, blood was collected to analyze metabolites and hormones every 15 days during gestation. The dry matter (DM) intake was lower in goats with twin pregnancies. The relative daily retention rate of the nutrients in the body was positive at 100 days of pregnancy but became negative at 140 days (-0.18±0.25 g DM kg-1 of maternal body d-1) and did not differ with breed or number of fetuses. Fetal growth in twin pregnancies was 66% higher than in single pregnancies. The highest levels of ß-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids were observed beginning at 100 days of gestation. Serum total protein and albumin levels decreased after 125 days of gestation. Serum urea levels were reduced after 80 days of gestation. Plasma 17ß-estradiol levels increased with the advance of pregnancy, and IGF-1 was highest between 60 and 80 days of gestation. The maternal metabolism throughout pregnancy does not vary with the type of pregnancy, and pregnant goats need greater nutritional intake during the final third of the gestational period regardless of the breed or type of pregnancy.
Pakistan Veterinary Journal
Aardi goats are native to Saudi Arabia and represent the majority of its goat population. They are also known to have high genetic variability in comparison to other goat breeds found all over the world. When it comes to scientific data related to such an important breed, detailed information is lacking on how to help improve the production and reproduction of the breed. This study monitored the metabolic profiles by taking blood samples of Aardi goats weekly, from 4 weeks before until 4 weeks post-partum. In addition, weekly blood samples of their kids were taken until 4 weeks of age. Serum albumin, total protein, cholesterol, and urea concentrations were examined. Pre-partum serum albumin concentrations were significantly lower than those from the post-partum period. There was no significant difference in total protein concentrations between the pre-and post-partum periods. Serum cholesterol was significantly higher during the pre-than the post-partum period. Serum urea concentrations at 3 and 2 weeks pre-partum were significantly higher than those observed-1, 0, 2, 3, and 4 weeks from parturition, and the lowest concentrations were observed-1, 0, 3, and 4 weeks from parturition. In contrast to their mothers, serum cholesterol concentrations of kids increased from 1 to 4 weeks of age, while serum urea concentrations decreased in accordance with their mothers. These results indicate that Aardi goats have certain metabolic profiles that differ from other goat breeds during pre-and post-partum periods.
Effect of Pregnancy on Some Biochemical Parameters in Sahel Goats in Semi-arid Zones
Veterinary Research Communications, 2000
The e¡ects of pregnancy one some biochemical parameters were studied using 20 sexually mature, cycling goats with weight range 20^25 kg. They were randomly separated into two groups of 10 animals each. In one group, oestrus was detected while going round with a buck in the morning and evening; a single buck on detection of oestrus mated the does and the does were tagged as pregnant after con¢rmation of non-return of oestrus. The other group was kept cycling and tagged as non-pregnant. The mean serum glucose concentration in pregnant does was 63.35+7.70 mg/dl, signi¢cantly lower than 71.59+1.14 mg/dl for non-pregnant does (p50.05); the mean serum cholesterol concentrations were 79.48+14.93 for pregnant and 67.29+1.10 for non-pregnant does, with signi¢cant di¡erence (p50.05). Protein (g/dl), urea (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl) and free fatty acid (mequiv/L) remained unchanged between the two groups (p40.05), as did the liver enzymes (ALT, AST).
Veterinary World, 2021
Background and Aim: Goats are widely distributed in southwest Algeria. The Saharan goat is perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of arid areas, and it is characterized by resistance to long photoperiod and reduced metabolic needs, allowing the survival of its offspring by maintaining lactation. Several studies have demonstrated that parturition and lactation are critical periods that induce hormone, energy, and lipid status changes in mammals. However, the relationship between the blood biochemical parameters of parturition control and lactation functions in the Algerian Saharan goat has not been thoroughly documented. Therefore, this study assesses hormone and metabolite levels during parturition and early lactation in Saharan goats reared in arid areas. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on 14 multiparous female goats, and blood samples were collected during parturition, 4 days postpartum (D1PP-D4PP), and during the first 12 weeks of lactation (W1-W12) to analyze prolactin, cortisol, glucose (GLU), total proteins (TP), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TGs), total lipids (TL), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and very LDLs (VLDLs). Results: Statistical data analysis revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma prolactin concentrations at W1 after parturition, reaching maximum values at W3 and W9, and remained high until W12 of lactation. Plasma cortisol levels were high at parturition, reaching two peaks at W3 and W9, and then decreased at W5, W7, and W12 of lactation. No significant changes were found in serum GLU levels during the first 7 weeks of lactation compared with parturition day; then, the levels became significantly (p<0.05) lower at W8, W11, and W12 of lactation. Plasma TP increased significantly (p<0.05) at D3PP, W1, and W4, then decreased significantly (p<0.05) at W8. In addition, this decrease coincided with that of GLU production. Serum CHO, TGs, TL, LDLs, and VLDLs, were low at parturition and high at D4PP and during the first 3 months of lactation. Furthermore, HDL levels were low at D3PP, 1st, and 3rd months and high at the 2nd month of lactation. Conclusion: This study emphasized the impact of parturition and the 1st weeks of lactation on endocrine and metabolic changes in indigenous goats living in the Algerian Sahara Desert. These results can be used to monitor and improve farming management and understand physiological adaptive strategies, mainly lactation function sustainability, of this goat living in marginal zones.
Journal of Dairy Science
In a recent study, we observed that starch-rich diets used in mid lactation induced lower milk production persistency and higher body fat accumulation in dairy ewes compared with dairy goats. Because these species differences could be linked to hormonal mechanisms that drive energy partitioning, in the same experiment, we explored the evolution of metabolic and hormonal status during lactation to test this hypothesis. Twenty mature Sarda dairy ewes and 20 mature Saanen goats [15-134 ± 11 d in milk (DIM), mean ± SD] were compared simultaneously. In early lactation, each species was allocated to one dietary treatment: high-starch diet [HS: 20.4% starch, on dry matter (DM) basis], whereas from 92 ± 11 DIM, each species was allocated to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: HS (20.0% starch, on DM basis) and low-starch (LS: 7.8% starch, on DM basis) diets. Blood samples were collected in the morning to analyze glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), growth hormone (GH), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with repeated measurements (SAS Version 9.0). The HS and LS diets applied in mid lactation did not affect metabolic status of the animal within species; thus, only a comparison between species was carried out. From early to mid lactation, plasma glucose concentration was higher in ewes than in goats (54.57 vs. 48.35 ± 1.18 mg/dL), whereas plasma NEFA concentration was greater in goats than in ewes (0.31 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 mmol/L). Goats had higher plasma GH concentration and lower plasma insulin content than ewes (4.78 vs. 1.31 ng/mL ± 0.47; 0.11 vs. 0.26 μg/L ± 0.02). Plasma IGF-I concentration did not vary between species. The comparison of metabolic and hormonal status of lactating Sarda dairy ewes and Saanen goats, carried out by studying simultaneously the 2 species in the same stage of lactation and experimental conditions, suggests that the higher insulin and glucose concentration observed in Sarda ewes explains why they partitioned more energy toward body reserves than to the mammary gland, especially in mid lactation. This can justify the negative effect of high-starch diets in mid-lactating Sarda ewes. Conversely, the highest GH and NEFA concentration observed in Saanen goats explain why they partitioned more energy of starch diets toward the mammary gland than to body reserves and justify the positive effect of high-starch diet in mid lactation. Together, these different responses contribute to explain why specialized dairy goats, such as the Saanen breed, have a higher milk production persistency than specialized dairy sheep breeds, such as the Sarda.
Energy metabolism indicators and body condition in peripartal period of Alpine goats
Large Animal Review, 2020
The investigation was performed on two groups of primiparous and multiparous healthy Alpine dairy goats (25 each) during lactation. Blood samples were collected (jugular venipuncture) 10-15 days before and 10-15 and 30 days after the parturition into BD SST-II Advance (3.5 mL) and BD NaF 3.0 mg Na2EDTA 6.0 mg (2 mL) vacutainers, cooled and centrifuged (1500 r/min, 15 minutes). Glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in blood sera were determined using A15 automatic spectrophotometric analyzer (Biosystem, Spain). Simultaneously, body condition scoring (BCS) was performed by Villaquiran et al. (2007) method. The obtained data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics 21. The glucose concentration inclined to increase in both groups. Differences between glucose levels were significant (p<0.05) 15 days before and 15 days after, as well as 15 and 30 days after the parturition, and very significant (p<0.01) 15 days before and 30 days after t...
Evaluation of metabolic profiles of Saanen goats in the transition period
Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2020
Healthy Saanen goats (n=30) in periparturient period were used in the present study. Blood samples were collected 21, 14 and 7 days before parturition, at the time of birth and postpartum days 7, 14 and 21. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) levels were evaluated. During the study period, NEFA, SDH, CREA levels increased and CHOL and TG levels decreased at time of parturition. When the changes of parameters in prepartum and postpartum period were compared, the concentrations of NEFA, CHOL, GLU, TG, Ca were higher (p <0.001) in prepartum period;however BHBA, Mg, ALB, GGT, AST, TP, P, BUN, SDH and CREA concentrations were detected to be higher (p <0.001) in postpartum p...