Physiological and Molecular Insights to Drought Responsiveness in Erianthus spp (original) (raw)
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Physiological and molecular insights to drought tolerance in Erianthus spp.
2014
Erianthus is a wild relative of the genus Saccharum. It is well known for its high fibre, high biomass, tolerance to drought and water logging, pest and disease resistance with multi-ratooning ability. This study was conducted to investigate physiological and molecular responses of Erianthus spp. to drought stress. Out of seven Erianthus accessions screened, the drought responsiveness of the broad-leaved accession of Erianthus arundinaceus IK 76-81 was found the best and characterised by high cell membrane thermostability, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and relative water content and low photosynthetic rate under increased soil moisture stress. In addition, IK 76-81 also showed many fold increase in DREB2 and expansin gene expression with increase in soil moisture stress in comparison with the most popular moderately drought tolerant variety Co 86032. We have also evaluated few selected sugarcane × Erianthus hybrids and assessed the introgression of one of the key drought responsive characters i.e., cell membrane stability from Erianthus to sugarcane. This is perhaps the first report on the drought responsiveness of Erianthus.
Journal of Environmental Biology, 2021
Aim: To study the metabolic changes in roots of a drought tolerant wild relative of sugarcane Erianthus arundinaceus clone (IND 04-1335) and a commercial sugarcane cultivar Co 99004. Methodology: Setts of Erianthus arundinaceus (IND 04-1335) and a commercial variety Co 99004 were planted in medium size pots in replication. After 45 days of planting, drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation. The corresponding control pots were maintained under continuous irrigation. On 26th day of drought, stress morphological and physiological traits such as leaf drying, canopy temperature, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence were recorded. Root samples were subjected to metabolomic analysis using GC-MS. Results: After 26 days of drought exposure, IND 04-1335 were found to be tolerant without any drought induced morphological symptoms. The comparative metabolite profiling identified a total of 143 metabolites in the control and drought exposed roots. Hierarchical clu...
Plant Physiology Reports, 2020
Drought is one of the most important environmental constraints limiting sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production worldwide. It is estimated that nearly 60% of the total sugarcane area suffers from water stress. Using the important physiological markers, drought tolerance potential of elite sugarcane clones is evaluated every year at ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore to identify those suitable for cultivation in drought prone areas of India. The present study is the field evaluation of six sugarcane clones in the advanced varietal trial conducted during the year 2018-2019, wherein the relevance of physiological traits conferring adaptive tolerance to drought is reinstated. In the formative phase, drought stress resulted in an average reduction of 20.5, 36.5, 22.1, 5.9 and 4.7 per cent in shoot population, plant height, leaf area index, SPAD chlorophyll index and photochemical efficiency (F v /F m) respectively. However, the clones Co 12009 and Co 12012 showed relatively better growth attributes both under control and drought stress which were on par with the resistant standards Co 86032 and Co 99004. Drought induced 12.6, 15.7, 23.5 and 32.9% reduction in internodal length, cane height, single cane weight and cane yield, however the clones Co 12009 and Co 12012 recorded comparatively higher cane yield of 86.6 and 94.1 tonnes/ha under drought condition, respectively. The clones Co 12009 and Co 12012 were rated as tolerant due to their ability to sustain cane yield and juice quality potential under drought stress, which might be attributed to retaining superior morphological and physiological traits.
Biochemical and Molecular Evaluation of Drought Tolerance promising sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)
Background: (Saccharum. spp L.) Is an economic crop cultivated in the tropical and subtropical zones. Sugarcane crop faces all types of environmental constraints due to its long life cycle period. Among various stresses, drought creates major obstacle to sugarcane production. Sugarcane plant responds to such stress by activating various biochemical and molecular attributes. Therefore, this experiment was undertaken to elucidate a change in biochemical and differential expression profile of genes associated with drought under greenhouse condition by using ten sugarcane genotypes (GT.54 − 9, G.2009-11, K.81113, M.35–157, G.2003-49, G.84 − 47, G.2000-3, G.99–103, G.2004-27 and G.2003-47). Stress was imposed 120 days after planting by three stressed levels of water stress (87.5, 75 and 62.5%) according to Reference evapotranspiration (ET0). Results: The obtained results showed significant differences among productivity, biochemical and molecular responses in all genotypes. However, drou...
Plant Science, 2015
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have a major role in stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. Our studies have shown that the expression of HSP70 is enhanced under water stress in Erianthus arundinaceus. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of overexpression of EaHSP70 driven by Port Ubi 2.3 promoter in sugarcane. The transgenic events exhibit significantly higher gene expression, cell membrane thermostability, relative water content, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency. The overexpression of EaHSP70 transgenic sugarcane led to the upregulation of stress-related genes. The transformed sugarcane plants had better chlorophyll retention and higher germination ability than control plants under salinity stress. Our results suggest that EaHSP70 plays an important role in sugarcane acclimation to drought and salinity stresses and its potential for genetic engineering of sugarcane for drought and salt tolerance. (N. Subramonian). been reported earlier . HSP70 plays different roles during stress and normal conditions. HSP70 stabilizes the proteins by binding to its protein substrates and prevents denaturation or aggregation. In addition, it helps in certain proteins subcellular transport, folding of newly synthesized proteins, the unwanted proteins degradation and protein complexes formation and disassociation. Thus, both during normal and stress conditions, HSP has a major role in protein homeostasis by protein quality controlling and turnover .
Biology and Life Sciences Forum
Drought and salinity are the major constraints on agricultural production worldwide and a remarkable attempt is being made to improve the plant yields in the direction of increasing water deficit. We have developed transgenic finger millet cultivars ‘CO(Ra)-14’ and ‘Paiyur-2’ overexpressing Erianthus arundinaceous DREB2 (EaDREB2) transcription factor confirmed by PCR and Southern stably expressed in T0 and T1. These transgenic lines were tolerant to high salinity and severe drought stress conditions without affecting the morphological or agronomic characters. Analysis of morpho-physiological characters revealed that overexpression of EaDREB2 gene was associated with maintenance of chlorophyll content, increased relative water content, improved accumulation of the osmotic substance such as proline and decreased electrolyte leakage, under both saline and drought stresses. After treating the plants to progressive drought and salinity stress, transgenic lines showed less chlorophyll red...
American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2010
Problem statement: The prime objective in breeding selection process of drought-tolerant sugarcane is to identify the correlating marker, which could lead to rapid screening for drought-tolerant cultivars. In this study, we have reported an unknown 18-kDa protein (p18) along with other stress-inducible proteins to be highly expressed in sugarcane leaves under drought stress condition. Approach: The 2D-PAGE patterns of proteins were compared between those expressed in drought-tolerance K86-161 and drought-susceptible Khon Kaen 1 cultivars. The interested proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The correlation between p18 expression and drought tolerance was verified in additional 4 sugarcane cultivars using ELISA and western blotting. Two physiological indexes, Chlorophyll content and SOD activity were also evaluated. Results: Mass spectrometry and comparison with known sequences in the database reveal that the proteins expressed only in stressed K86-161 are serine protease inhibitor and the one similar to replication protein A1. A group of proteins up-regulated in K86-161 are S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme (SAM), ubiquitin and p18. From ELISA and western blotting analysis, we found that p18 expressed in drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars had higher binding specificity to antibody than that in drought-susceptible sugarcane cultivars. Two physiological indexes showed higher levels in drought-tolerant than those in drought susceptible sugarcanes. Conclusion: These high levels of chlorophyll and SOD are in agreement with a high level of p18 expression in droughttolerant sugarcanes. It is likely that an accumulation of p18 is a response to water deficit. In conclusion, p18 might be a good candidate for development as a marker in drought-tolerant plants.
Water stress causes considerable yield losses in sugarcane. To investigate differentially expressed genes under water stress, a pot experiment was performed with the sugarcane variety GT21 at three water-deficit levels (mild, moderate, and severe) during the elongation stage and gene expression was analyzed using microarray technology. Physiological parameters of sugarcane showed significant alterations in response to drought stress. Based on the expression profile of 15,593 sugarcane genes, 1,501 (9.6%) genes were differentially expressed under different water-level treatments; 821 genes were upregulated and 680 genes were downregulated. A gene similarity analysis showed that approximately 62.6% of the differentially expressed genes shared homology with functional proteins. In a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, 901 differentially expressed genes were assigned to 36 GO categories. Moreover, 325 differentially expressed genes were classified into 101 pathway categories involved in various processes, such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ribosomes, carbon metabolism, etc. In addition, some unannotated genes were detected; these may provide a basis for studies of water-deficit tolerance. The reliability of the observed expression patterns was confirmed by RT-PCR. The results of this study may help identify useful genes for improving drought tolerance in sugarcane.
BMC Genomics
Background: Glyoxalase pathway is a reactive carbonyl species (RCS) scavenging mechanism involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), which is a reactive α-ketoaldehyde. In plants under abiotic stress, the cellular toxicity is reduced through glyoxalase pathway genes, i.e. Glyoxalase I (Gly I), Glyoxalase II (Gly II) and Glyoxalase III (Gly III). Salinity and water deficit stresses produce higher amounts of endogenous MG resulting in severe tissue damage. Thus, characterizing glyoxalase pathway genes that govern the MG metabolism should provide new insights on abiotic stress tolerance in Erianthus arundinaceus, a wild relative of sugarcane and commercial sugarcane hybrid (Co 86032).
Engineering Drought Tolerance In Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.)
2013
All acclamation, encomiums and appreciation goes to Almighty "ALLAH", The Magnificent and The Compassionate, The Omnipotent Ruler and creator of the universe and the day of repayment, who bestowed upon me. His Endless and Matchless bounties inspite of my all sins. Trembling lips and wet eyes express my profound feeling of gratitude, praise and utmost respect from the core of my heart for The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) who is forever a inspiration of guidance, knowledge and enlightenment for the whole humanity, who overvalued the soul of mankind and taught the humanity to seek knowledge from cradle to grave. With a deep sense of acknowledgement, I would like to extend my extreme appreciation to Dr. Sohail Hameed, Director National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, whose cooperative leadership provided a conducive atmosphere to carry out this task. My sincerest thanks to Dr. Shahid Mansoor, Head Agriculture Biotechnology Division, NIBGE for his amicable behavior and keen interest in my research project. No word of thanks can ever compensate for my overwhelming appreciation and indebtness to my ever affectionate and dynamic supervisor Dr. Shaheen Aftab, who remained throughout with me during the period of this study with her intellectual vigor, dedication and encouraging attitude. Her vigilance and concerns regarding my research work proved instrumental in accomplishment of this task. My deepest and sincerest thanks are due to Dr. M.Y. Asharaf, T.I., Deputy Chief Scientist, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) who instead of his busy schedule, always welcomed me and benefited me with his experienced, critical and skilful directions concerning physiological analyses of transgenic plants. I am also thankful to his assistant Muhammad Farid for helping me in taking physiological data. At this auspicious moment, I would like to acknowledge the keen efforts poured by Dr. Zahid Mukhtar in reviewing this dissertation and brought it to a publishable form. I also acknowledge the sincerest efforts of Mr. Faqir Hussain, NIAB in reviewing my thesis.