Determinants of Adoption of Improved Open Pollinated Varieties of Maize in Drought Prone Areas of Central Ethiopia (original) (raw)
Related papers
This paper examines the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adoption decision of hybrid maize in drought prone Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. The analysis is based on data collected through a questionnaire survey of 277 randomly selected maize grower farm household heads. Binary response Logit model was employed in the data analysis. Hybrid maize adoption in the CRV was found to be influenced by age, years of formal education, farmland size, the proportion of farmland allocated to maize, frequency of extension visit, grain market distance and altitude. Extension visit was negatively associated with hybrid maize adoption contrary to the prevailing beliefs and earlier findings. Extension workers have been promoting open pollinated varieties (OPVs) maize since the OPVs have been more common in drought prone area though the farmers in the CRV also producing hybrids. Even though the prevailing maize hybrids have essentially been released for high potential areas, the production of these hybrids is currently expanding in the CRV where it is grown by 30% of the farmers. Likewise, hybrid maize adoption in this area offers better opportunity for private seed companies’ involvement in the seed provision of adapted hybrids. A paradigm shift in the maize breeding efforts and extension service on hybrid for drought prone areas is commendable in order to enhance the food security of smallholder farmers in the CRV.
Improved open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) have been developed and released for commercial production in maize growing areas of Ethiopia. However, the dissemination of these improved varieties is limited because of a low level of interest of seed producers in the production and marketing of OPV seed. The dissemination of broad based improved varieties could be increased by the development and release of adapted commercial high yielding variety cross hybrids. This study was conducted in 2002 at seven locations in the midaltitude (1000 -1800 meter above sea level, masl) and highland transition areas (1800 -2000 masl) of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of variety cross hybrids. Twenty-nine variety cross hybrids and nine parental OPVs/populations along two checks were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications at each location. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference (P<0.01) among the entries. The mean grain yield ranged from 3.9 to 8.3 t ha -1 . Some variety cross hybrids gave a better performance than the improved OPVs. Kuleni (Pool-9A) x Abo-Bako outyielded the high parent (Kuleni) by 29.7% and Gibe-1 x Kuleni outyielded the best OPV and high parent (Gibe-1) by 14.7%. Gibe-1 x Kuleni also had a more stable performance across the testing locations than the parental OPVs. This implied that moving from OPVs to variety cross hybrids, particularly under small scale farmers' conditions, could increase the productivity of maize.
Observation and Yield Trial on Drought Tolerant Maize Varities at, Arbaminch, SNNPR, Ethiopia
This study was aimed at selecting varities that fit better for lowland maize production area. Seven improved lowland maize varieties along with standard check (BH-540) were tested at Arbaminch Agricultural Research Center's sub station, South Ethiopia for two consecutive years. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Seeds were sown on a plot size of 3m x 5m in rows of four per plot at a spacing of 75 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (p<0.05) between varieties for grain yield for 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons except for M-5, which was lowest yielder in both seasons. Four varieties (M-4, BH-540, Gibe-2, and M-7) were showed above mean performance during 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance over 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons revealed significance effect of varities for all traits except for cob number. The effect of season by variety had no effect for all traits studied. It would be highly recommended to use all tested varieties except M-5, until another studies carried out around and similar areas.
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the principal food crops in Amhara region of Ethiopia. A project on SIMLESA is aimed at increasing the range of maize varieties available for small holder farmers of Amhara region. In this study, eight improved maize hybrid varieties were evaluated across ten environments of Jabitehinan and South Achefer districts. Combined analysis of variance for grain yield across test environments indicated that the mean squares for environments, genotypes and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant and accounted for 66.73, 5.04 and 12.17% of treatment combination sum of squares, respectively. Based on the grain yield performance of the tested varieties, AMH-851(Jibat), BH-661 and PHB-3253 (Jabi) were identified as the three high yielding varieties across the testing environments. GGE biplot analysis identified that AMH-851 (Jibat) was the most stable and desirable hybrid followed by hybrids BH-661 and PHB-3253. Compared with other tested varieties, BHQPY-545 and PHB-3253 were selected as early maturing varieties with 156 and 149 days to maturity, respectively. Therefore, AMH-851 (Jibat) as a potential variety, BHQPY-545 and PHB-3253(Jabi) as early maturing varieties, are recommended for Jabitehinan and South Achefer districts.
Modern maize varieties going local in the semi-arid zone in Tanzania
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2014
Background: Maize is the most produced crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, but yields are low and climate change is projected to further constrain smallholder production. The current efforts to breed and disseminate new high yielding and climate ready maize varieties are implemented through the formal seed system; the chain of public and private sector activities and institutions that produce and release certified seeds. These efforts are taking place in contexts currently dominated by informal seed systems; local and informal seed management and exchange channels with a long history of adapting crops to local conditions. We here present a case study of the genetic effects of both formal and informal seed management from the semi-arid zone in Tanzania.
Yield Stability Analysis of Open Pollinated Maize (Zea mays L.) and their Topcross Hybrids in Uganda
2018
The study was aimed at determining yield stability and adaptability patterns of a set of 65 open pollinated maize genotypes evaluated across four different agro ecologies in Uganda using 5 × 13 αlattice design replicated twice. Individual location analysis ANOVA results showed mean squares of genotype were statistically highly significant in terms of days to 50% anthesis, anthesis silking interval, grain yield and maize streak virus disease severity score for all environments tested except for grain yield in Ngetta. The highest grain yield was recorded for topcross C9/TA (ECAVL1/CML536) of 9.60 t ha -1 in Bulindi, for top cross C3/TA (Longe5/CML536) of 9.56 t ha -1 in Namulonge. However, they were quite unstable as their ranking was not consistent across environments. The genotype Ambsyn5, C4/TB, FS85 and C9/TB were showed the lowest disease score for MSV. The parent OPV SITUKA MI was with the lowest day requirement for shading pollen and hence it can be utilized in breeding for ear...
Performance and yield stability of maize hybrids in stress-prone environments in eastern Africa
The Crop Journal, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.