The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells (original) (raw)
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Royal Society Open Science
Exposure to high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at 18 GHz was previously found to induce reversible cell permeabilization in eukaryotic cells; however, the fate of internalized foreign objects inside the cell remains unclear. Here, silica core–shell gold nanospheres (Au NS) of 20 ± 5 nm diameter were used to study the localization of Au NS in pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells after exposure to HF EMFs at 18 GHz. Internalization of Au NS was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis based on corresponding scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed the presence of the Au NS free within the PC 12 cell membrane, cytoplasm, enclosed within intracellular vesicles and sequestered in vacuoles. The results obtained in this work highlight that exposure to HF EMFs could be used as an efficient technique with potential for effective delivery of drugs, genetic material, and nanomaterials into cells for...
Cells Tissues Organs, 2006
This review concentrates on findings described in the recent literature on the response of cells and tissues to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Models of the causal interaction between different forms of EMF and ions or biomolecules of the cell will be presented together with our own results in cell surface recognition. Naturally occurring electric fields are not only important for cell-surface interactions but are also pivotal for the normal development of the organism and its physiological functions. A further goal of this review is to bridge the gap between recent cell biological studies (which, indeed, show new data of EMF actions) and aspects of EMF-based therapy, e.g., in wounds and bone fractures.
Drug delivery and translational research, 2018
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used in a rapidly expanding number of research and practical applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Recent developments in iron oxide nanoparticle design and understanding of nanoparticle membrane interactions have led to applications in magnetically triggered, liposome delivery vehicles with controlled structure. Here we study the effect of external physical stimuli-such as millimeter wave radiation-on the induced movement of giant lipid vesicles in suspension containing or not containing iron oxide maghemite (γ-FeO) nanoparticles (MNPs). To increase our understanding of this phenomenon, we used a new microscope image-based analysis to reveal millimeter wave (MMW)-induced effects on the movement of the vesicles. We found that in the lipid vesicles not containing MNPs, an exposure to MMW induced collective reorientation of vesicle motion occurring at the onset of MMW switch "on." Instead, no marked changes in the movem...
Bioelectromagnetics, 2004
Previous observations reported by our group indicate that 2.45 GHz microwave fields at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5.6 W/kg reduce the enzyme activity rate of ascorbate oxidase (AO) trapped in liposomes. In this study, we report dose-response studies on these AO containing liposomes irradiated at different SAR values (1.4, 2.8, 4.2, and 5.6 W/kg). No response was observed for SAR below 5.6 W/kg. Liposomes entrapping functional AO in its deglycated form (AO-D) were also used. In this case, no MW related enzyme activity changes were observed, demonstrating a direct involvement of oligosaccharide chains of AO. Furthermore, the catalytic properties of both AO and AO-D were not impaired by MW irradiation, neither in homogeneous solution nor loaded in liposomes, excluding possible changes in the conformation of enzyme as a mechanism. Our results suggest that the oligosaccharide chains of AO are critical to elicit the microwave observed effects on lipid membrane. Bioelectromagnetics 25:338–345, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Millimeter Waves Radiation on Cell Membrane - A Brief Review
Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, 2010
The millimeter waves (MMW) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, extending from 30 to 300 GHz in terms of frequency (corresponding to wavelengths from 10 mm to 1 mm), is officially used in non-invasive complementary medicine in many Eastern European countries against a variety of diseases such gastro duodenal ulcers, cardiovascular disorders, traumatism and tumor. On the other hand, besides technological applications in traffic and military systems, in the near future MMW will also find applications in high resolution and high-speed wireless communication technology. This has led to restoring interest in research on MMW induced biological effects. In this review emphasis has been given to the MMW-induced effects on cell membranes that are considered the major target for the interaction between MMW and biological systems.