Variety of Geographical Indications and Value Capture for Indonesian Varietika Indikasi Geografik Dan Perolehan Nilai Bagi Bangsa Indonesia (original) (raw)
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AIP Conference Proceedings
When a product, handicraft or agricultural product, which has distinctive characteristics, and can be distinguished from products from other regions, which is influenced by geographical factors and human factors, then the product can be categorized as a geographical indication product. The benefits of geographical indications are believed to have a positive impact, especially in terms of economic and social aspects. Socially, geographical indications are able to develop local communities. Economically, geographical indications are able to provide welfare for local communities. This article is the result of research using normative juridical research. This type of research is qualitative research. The data collected in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data is primary legal material, namely in the form of norms or basic rules and legal doctrines and laws and regulations related to the research theme. Secondary legal materials are books related to the research theme in the form of research results, reports, articles in the mass media and the internet, seminar results, or other scientific meetings relevant to this research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential economic value of geographically indicated products and to analyze the strategies adopted to increase the economic value of geographically indicated products in order to be able to provide welfare for local communities. This article will discuss the analysis of the existing economic value of geographical indication products and appropriate strategies to increase the economic value of geographical indication products. Not all geographical indication products are able to provide economic value that can directly generate prosperity for local communities. There needs to be a strategy that is carried out, not only by the people who own geographical indication products, but also the Indonesian government and various other related parties, such as academics and business actors.
The protection of Geographical Indications (GIs) is being explored more and more worldwide as a tool for supporting local sustainable development. Focusing on wine and coffee value chains, this paper will set out in what way GI protection schemes can contribute to the provision of public goods, and illustrate how this contribution is being threatened by different failures that may occur within both valorization strategies and legal protection policies. By examining how private, collective, and public interventions front these failures, this paper will put forward economic arguments supporting a more comprehensive policy approach, to ensure GIs’ contribution to sustainable development.
Ambiente & Sociedade, 2017
The organizational forms of LPAs and GIs become the object of public policies, but above all, a space for collective actions. The article explores two questions: first, why a good governance of an LPA is fundamental to the implementation of a collective strategy (and brand) like GI?; second, how the local governing body of an LPA can assume the role of managing the GI on behalf of all producers of a geographical region? To answer them, the article makes use of two research methods: desk research and two case studies of LPAs of coffee (Cerrado Mineiro Region) and fruits (Jaíba Region) in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Finally, a cyclical analysis gives rise to theoretical propositions, which are learning points to the theme of governance and strategic management of LPAs and GIs.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
Indonesia is the third largest coffee producing country in the world after Brazil and Vietnam. Coffee is one of the main commodities that bring foreign exchange for Indonesia. The natural characteristics of the Gayo Highlands, located in Aceh province, are particularly suitable for Arabica coffee plants. Gayo Coffee has been successfully sold to the International market with a strong and complex flavor and good viscosity. To avoid improper trade practices, Gayo Coffee currently has a Geographical Indication Certification or known as (GI) that has been running since the end of 2009. This study examines how GI's influence on the value-added chain that occurs in the Gayo Coffee trade process. The data collection method that will be used in this research is by directly interview with GI stakeholders, conduct a direct survey of the value chain actors and also make observations on farmers by participatory observation. The result is that GI does not affect the change of Gayo Coffee val...
E3S Web of Conferences
Geographical Indication is a type of collective intellectual property that producers may use to capture the place-related value expressed in their product which involve the physical and anthropic characteristics of the production area. There is GI’s Code of Practice (CoP) that should be adopted by farmers as reference standard to maintain GIs product consistency and definition requirements. Understanding farmer preferences and incorporating them into the development of improvement of GIs’ certification schemes is thought to result in more internalized, and thus more efficient standards. This study aims to 1) investigate the small-scale farmers’ preferences and the influence of socio-economics characteristics rejecting GIs’ scheme; and 2) develop strategies to increase farmers participation on GIs’ scheme. Choice Experiment method and Conditional Logit Model (CLM) were used to estimate preferences of 157 small-scale coffee farmers for accepting GIs’ scheme. The findings suggest that ...
Sustainability, 2020
This study investigates the relationship between geographical indications (GIs) and sustainable rural development in Vietnam, and analyzes the case study of the Cao Phong orange. Qualitative data were collected from interviews with Vietnamese policy-makers and orange growers to investigate the role of the government of Vietnam in designing and implementing GIs, as well as the involvement of local producers taking advantage of GIs, in order to identify how and to what extent GI protection affects sustainable rural development. The results show that GIs have positively contributed to sustainable rural development in Vietnam; however, some problems remain. This study concludes with policy implications for promoting GIs and sustainable rural development in Vietnam.
Are Geographical Indications a way to “decommodify” the coffee market?
2008
The commodity nature of green coffee is the main cause of â€oethe coffee paradox†(decreasing prices at production level and rising prices at consumption level). So, a requirement to reach a less unfair distribution of the added value between the supply chain would be to â€oedecommodify†the coffee market not only at the final consumer level, but also at the production level. Certifications (like Fair Trade, Organic, Rainforest Alliance, Utz Kapeh, or Birdfriend) are often presented as a way to reach this result, but according to some authors these schemes seem to be rather an extension of the standardization wave to new quality attributes (linked to social and/or environmental characteristics of the production process). Geographical indications (GIs) seems to be very different in this respect. GIs’ Codes of practices (which include the delimitation of the production area and a description of the production norms and product quality) are normally elaborated by the local actors themselves , who are able to define the link to the terroir (physical and anthropic characteristics of the production area). The aim of this article is to question the ability of GIs to â€oedecommodify†the coffee market also on the production side, and contribute to a fair distribution of the benefits of decommodification. The paper is based on the analysis of the design process of a GI coffee in the Jarabacoa region (Dominican Republic), which led to a very selective Code of practices but not so specific with regard to the link with the territory. The article evidences the chain of causality that brought to such a result, and debates to what extent the case can be considered as context-specific. Given that it appeared that most of the determinants are generic to the coffee world, the relevance of GIs as a tool to â€oedecommodify†the coffee market must be qualified.
The Case for Geographic Indicators in Kenya
2023
This paper explores the concept of Geographical Indicators (GIs) as a form of intellectual property rights that protect products tied to specific geographic regions. Kenya's legal framework, operating under a monist jurisdiction, relies on international treaties such as the WTO's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) for GI regulation. TRIPS Articles 22, 23, and 24 establish a global framework for GI protection, with Article 24 introducing exceptions to infringement claims. Despite criticism, Article 24's 'lack of national protection' clause poses a significant threat to Kenya's economy. The use of certification trademarks is considered, but its limitations and potential for misuse are highlighted, especially in the context of Kenyan coffee. The paper underscores the risks associated with a state-centric approach to GIs, ultimately affecting the marketability of Kenyan coffee abroad.
The Role of the Geographic Indication Certification of Arabic Coffee as an Effort of Local Farmers
International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH
The demand for coffee in Indonesia is relatively high because Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producing country in the world. This indicates that there is a change in the lifestyle of world coffee consumers who prioritizes health and environmental sustainability. The development of sustainable coffee farming is carried out by increasing the quality and productivity of the coffee harvest through the Geographical Indication Certification program. The results show that the Geographical Indication Certification Strategy in empowering local farmers is the SO (Strength-Opportunities) Strategy, namely: 1) Making the Geographical Indication area an ecotourism area through the development of integrated arabica coffee-based agribusiness (2) Facilitating and stimulating investment in industrial development directed at increasing competitiveness through fostering improvement in the quality and appearance of products in Arabica coffee and other derivative products. Thus, it is necessary t...