Andrographis paniculata: From Traditional to Nano Drug for Cancer Therapy (original) (raw)
Related papers
Since time immemorial the medicinal plants, as sources of remedies, are widely used as alternative therapeutic tool for the treatment of plethora of acute and chronical diseases ranging from common cold to complex human diseases all over the world. Following the advent of modern medicine, herbal medicine suffered a set back, but due to the multiple drug resistance, side effects associated with antibiotics, restriction in use of synthetic antioxidant drugs because of its carcinogenicity and limited availability of anticancer drugs has forced the scientist to search for new alternative substances from plant origin. A. paniculata is in demand in terms of its high valued medicinal properties. Extensive research on this plant considered it as a good source of medicinal herb over the commercially available synthetic drugs. It can be used for pharmaceutical applications, food preservation and also as a food supplement, in order to promote growth of live stock and to increase the nutritional value of different foods and diet.
Andrographolide, a potential cancer therapeutic agent isolated from Andrographis paniculata
Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology, 2003
Andrographis paniculata plant extract is known to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. Andrographolide, the major constituent of the extract is implicated towards its pharmacological activity. We studied the cellular processes and targets modulated by andrographolide treatment in human cancer and immune cells. Andrographolide treatment inhibited the in vitro proliferation of different tumor cell lines, representing various types of cancers. The compound exerts direct anticancer activity on cancer cells by cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase through induction of cell-cycle inhibitory protein p27 and decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Immunostimulatory activity of andrographolide is evidenced by increased proliferation of lymphocytes and production of interleukin-2. Andrographolide also enhanced the tumor necrosis factor-production and CD marker expression, resulting in increased cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against cancer cells, which may contribute for its indirect anticancer activity. The in vivo anticancer activity of the compound is further substantiated against B16F0 melanoma syngenic and HT-29 xenograft models. These results suggest that andrographolide is an interesting pharmacophore with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities and hence has the potential for being developed as a cancer therapeutic agent.
Leaves of Andrographis Paniculata is an Antioxidant and Anticancer Agent
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objective: Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The present study was aimed to quantify secondary metabolites, determine antioxidant, and anticancer activity of ethanol extract of A. paniculata leaves. Methods: Leaf sample was macerated with ethanol solvent. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids were quantified with standard calibrations. The antioxidant potential was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated using human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cell line. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to estimate the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Apoptotic and necrotic effects were characterized by DNA fragmentation assay and fluorescenc...
TANG [HUMANITAS MEDICINE], 2014
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees (Family: Anthaceae) is a traditionally known Ayurvedic medicinal plant. Several well-controlled clinical trials conducted during recent years have consistently reconfirmed that Andrographis paniculata extracts are effective in suppressing cardinal symptoms of diverse inflammatory and infectious diseases. Despite extensive efforts though, many questions concerning bioactive constituents of such extracts and their modes of actions still remain unanswered. Amongst diverse diterpene lactones isolated to date from such extracts, andrographolide is often considered to be the major, representative, or bioactive secondary metabolite of the plant. Therefore, it has attracted considerable attention of several drug discovery laboratories as a lead molecule potentially useful for identifying structurally and functionally novel drug. Critical analysis of available preclinical and clinical information on Andrographis paniculata extracts and pure andrographolide strongly suggest that they are pharmacologically polyvalent and that they possess adaptogenic properties. Aim of this communication is to summarize and critically analyze such data, and to point out some possibilities for more rationally exploiting their adaptogenic properties for discovering novel therapeutic leads, or for obtaining pharmacologically better standardized phyto-pharmaceuticals.
Andrographolide: A New Plant-Derived Antineoplastic Entity on Horizon
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011
Plant-derived natural products occupy an important position in the area of cancer chemotherapy. Molecules such as vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, camptothecin derivatives, epipodophyllotoxin, and so forth, are invaluable contributions of nature to modern medicine. However, the quest to find out novel therapeutic compounds for cancer treatment and management is a never-ending venture; and diverse plant species are persistently being studied for identification of prospective anticancer agents. In this regard,Andrographis paniculataNees, a well-known plant of Indian and Chinese traditional system of medicines, has drawn attention of researchers in recent times. Andrographolide, the principal bioactive chemical constituent of the plant has shown credible anticancer potential in various investigations around the globe.In vitrostudies demonstrate the capability of the compound of inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells at different concentrations. Andro...
Pharmacological Properties of Andrographis Paniculata
2014
Andrographis paniculata Nees, a well-known plant of Indian and Chinese traditional system of medicines, commonly known as Kalmegh has drawn attention of researchers in recent times. Andrographolide, the principal bioactive phytoconstituent of the plant has shown credible anticancer, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antivenom, antidiabetic, antimalarial potentially in various investigations around the globe. This review contains brief discussion about active constituent and pharmacological activity of plant Andrographis paniculata.
eview A rticle PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA
2014
Andrographis paniculata Nees, a well-known plant of Indian and Chinese traditional system of medicines, commonly known as Kalmegh has drawn attention of researchers in recent times. Andrographolide, the principal bioactive phytoconstituent of the plant has shown credible anticancer, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, antivenom, antidiabetic, antimalarial potentially in various investigations around the globe. This review contains brief discussion about active constituent and pharmacological activity of plant Andrographis paniculata.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2014
Andrographis paniculata Wall (family Acanthaceae) is one of the most popular medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of array of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, ulcer, leprosy, bronchitis, skin diseases, flatulence, colic, influenza, dysentery, dyspepsia and malaria for centuries in Asia, America and Africa continents. It possesses several photochemical constituents with unique and interesting biological properties. This review describes the past and present state of research on Andrographis paniculata with respect to the medicinal usage, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicity profile and therapeutic usage, in order to bridge the gap requiring future research opportunities. This review is based on literature study on scientific journals and books from library and electronic sources. Diterpenes, flavonoids, xanthones, noriridoides and other miscellaneous compounds have been isolated from the plant. Extract and pure compounds of the plant have been reported for their antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, anti-protozoan, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunostimulant, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, anti-angiogenic, hepato-renal protective, sex hormone/sexual function modulation, liver enzymes modulation insecticidal and toxicity activities. The results of numerous toxicity evaluations of extracts and metabolites isolated from this plant did not show any significant acute toxicity in experimental animals. Detailed and more comprehensive toxicity profile on mammalian tissues and organs is needed in future studies.
Botanical pharmacognosy of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F) Wall. Ex. Nees
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2012
Andrographis paniculata Nees is an important medicinal plant belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It is being used in traditional medicine, as a remedy for the cold, fever and detoxification of the body since time immemorial. Kalmegh has successfully halted the spread of 1919 Indian Flue (Influenza) pandemic. Drug has immense therapeutic potentials such as immunomodulatory, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, laxative, depurative, prophylactic, hepatoprotective and cardiovascular effects. Most of the biological actions of Andrographis paniculata have been ascribed to its principal chemical constituent, Andrographolide. Objectives: The present work has been designed to delineate the Pharmacognostic profile of the leaves, stem, and root of Andrographis paniculata Nees. Materials and Methods: Macroscopic, microscopic evaluation, powder analysis, fluorescence standards of the drug and quantitative microscopy were carried out using the stem, root and leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees Results: The presence of eucamptodromous pinnate venation with small, polygonal shaped areoles, upper epidermis lacking stomata, abaxial diacytic stomata, small palisade ratio, small stomatal index and fairly large Cystoliths in both upper and lower epidermis were features characteristics of the species. Quadrangular stem with dense collenchyma strands at the angles, uniseriate medullary rays with greater quantities of lignified fibers in the wood, abundant deposition of calcium oxalate in characteristic sites of the epidermal tissues of the lamina, ground tissues of petiole, stem, secondary xylem vessels of the root are also diagnostic characters of the taxon. Conclusion: The present study on botanical pharmacognosy of stem, root and leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees thus provides useful information for quality control parameters for the crude drugs. Macro, microscopic, powder, quantitative and fluorescence standards discussed here can be considered as identifying parameters to substantiate and authenticate the drug. It could also fill the lacuna of our understanding about botanical pharmacognosy of Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Pharmacological and Clinical Effects of Andrographis paniculata
Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) is an herbaceous plant has been effectively used in traditional Asian medicines for centuries. The demand for the herbal drug treatment of various ailments is increasing day by day and plant drugs from the Ayurvedic system are being explored more in India as well as globally. The aerial part of the plant is used. It contains a large number of chemical components like diterpene, diterpenoid, glycosides, flavonoids as well as flavonoid glycosides. Andrographolide has been reported to have a wide range of biological activities, such as Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-platelet aggregations, hepatoprotective and anti-HIV. A. paniculata polysaccharides combined with andrographolide can be used in the recovery of diabetic nephropathy. In addition to these activities the ethanol and an aqueous extract of A. paniculata also decrease blood glucose levels in normal rats and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Andrographolide, reacts with several inter and intracellular constituents like a bipolar compound hence ensuing in many biological responses.