Tolerance of ARPE 19 cells to organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos is limited to concentration and time of exposure (original) (raw)
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Toxicology, 2013
Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides are compounds that can be detected in human populations as a result of occupational or residential exposure. Despite their occurrence in considerably low levels in humans, their biological effects are hazardous since they interact with a plethora of enzymes, proteins, receptors and transcription factors. In this review we summarize the cell and molecular effects of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides with respect to their toxicity, with particular emphasis on glucose and lipid metabolism, their interaction with some members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, including the steroid and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors that changes the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification. More importantly, evidence regarding the metabolic degradation of pesticides and their accumulation in tissues is presented. Potential non-cholinergic mechanisms after long-term lowdose organophosphate exposure resulting in neurodevelopmental outcomes and neurodegeneration are also addressed. We conclude that the mechanism of pesticide-mediated toxicity is a combination of various enzyme-inhibitory, metabolic and transcriptional events acting at the cellular and molecular level. (A.M. Tsatsakis).
Neurotoxic effects in patients poisoned with organophosphorus pesticides
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2010
In this paper we review neurotoxic disorders appearing in patients poisoned with organophosphorus pesticides. These compounds cause four important neurotoxic effects in humans: the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). Compared to the cholinergic syndrome, that causes millions of cases of poisoning each year, other disorders involve much smaller numbers of patients. The review is focused on the neurotoxic effects appearing after acute and chronic exposure to organophosphates with emphasis on clinical presentation, pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and possibilities for prevention/therapy.
Health Problem Caused by Long-Term Organophosphorus Pesticides Exposure - Study in China
Pesticides in the Modern World - Effects of Pesticides Exposure, 2011
OPs exposure in both occupational and general population can be assessed by measurement of esterase activity and by direct measurement of urinary OPs metabolites. 2.1 Esterase activity The activity of esterases including butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), erythrocyte acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarbE) and paraoxonase (PonE) can be inhibited www.intechopen.com Pesticides in the Modern World-Effects of Pesticides Exposure * : the esterase activity of subjects in exposed group are significantly lower than those in Control (p<0.01). # : the esterase activity of subjects in Indirectly exposed group are significantly lower than those in C (p<0.01).
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used volatile pesticides that have harmful effects on the liver in acute and chronic exposures. This review article summarises and discusses a wide collection of studies published over the last 40 years reporting on the effects of OPs on the liver, in an attempt to propose general mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and possible treatment. Several key biological processes have been reported as involved in OP-induced hepatotoxicity such as disturbances in the antioxidant defence system, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial and microsomal metabolism. Most studies show that antioxidants can attenuate oxidative stress and the consequent changes in liver function. However, few studies have examined the relationship between OP structures and the severity and mechanism of their action. We hope that future in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials will answer the remaining questions about the mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and its management.
Investigation of the toxicity of some organophosphorus pesticides in a repeated dose study in rats
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2013
The study aimed to the investigation of the toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides malathion (MLT) and diazinon (DZN) in Wistar rats in a repeated dose study for 35 days. MLT and DZN in corn oil vehicle were oral administered. Body and organs weights, plasma and brain cholinesterase activities, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, histopathological changes in liver and kidney, and some parameters of the immune function, such as leukocyte formula, spleen weight and cellularity, spleen lymphocytes proliferation in response to concanavalin A (Con A) were investigated; the potential oxidative stress (malondialdehyde in plasma and brain, and blood catalase activity) was also evaluated. No clinical toxicity signs attributed to pesticides were noted; no significant changes in the organ weights have been found. Body weight tends slightly to increase, predominantly in DZN treated rats. The results suggest that plasma cholinesterase is more su...
Toxicological Effects of Organophosphates Pesticides
For many years organophosphate pesticides considered the main option for a lot of people in many countries to manage different pests. It's more than 70 years now and OPs still use with certain purposes in gardens, fields and greenhouses as crop protection agents, or even at houses as public health agents. Thus, year after year and with the repeating usage of organophosphate agents many problems were appeared as a result to excessive use of pesticides. The adverse effects of pesticides usage represented in the effects on human health, environment, pesticides residue in crops and soil & water contaminated by these pesticides. Therefore, it was necessary to throw a light on the risks that generated by irresponsible usage of organophosphate pesticides.
Toxic Effects of Organophosphates Pesticides. A Review
2020
Organophosphate pesticides (also known OPPs) have for many years been the choice candidate globally for pest control. OPPs have for over 80 years, been used in gardens, fields and greenhouses as crop protection agents, and even in homes as insecticides and mosquito abatement. Thus, year after year and with the repeated application of organophosphate agents, many problems have appeared as a result of excessive use of pesticides. The adverse effects of pesticides are well documented in human health, environment, pesticide residue in crops, soil and water contaminated by these pesticides. Therefore, it is necessary to shed more light on the risks associated with the irresponsible usage of organophosphate pesticides.